K.ANUSHA S.

NIKHILA
MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PRESENTED BY:

Contents of Brain Chips: Introduction Simple introduction of the brain Evolution towards implantable brain chips Achievements Benefits of brain chips Drawbacks of brain chips Future of brain chips Conclusion

Introduction:

Brain chips can enhance memory of human beings, help paralyzed patients and are intended for military purposes. Develop direct interface between brain and computers Its likely that implantable computer chips acting as sensors may soon assist failing memory, but even provide fluency in a new language Brain -Chips -Direct Neural Interface or Brain-Machine Interface Direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device.

Simple introduction of the brain

Cortex:

The study of the Brain:

It is the most complicated area of research. When we enter a discussion on this topic, the works of the physiologist JOSE DELGADO need to be mentioned. Much of the work taking place at the NIH, Stanford is built on the research done in 1950s by JOSE DELGADO. He implanted electrodes in animal brains and attached them to a "stimoceiver" under the skull

Jose Delgado controlling a bull with stimoceiver

With such experiments, DELGADO unfolded many of the mysteries of the BRAIN, which contributed to the developments in brain implant technology. For e.g.: he understood how the sensation of suffering pain could be reduced by stimulating the frontal lobes of the brain

Researchers working on tiny electrode arrays that links the two. However, once a device is implanted the body develops so-called glial cells, defenses that surround the foreign object and prevent neurons and electrodes from making contact. Fromherz researches led to the growth of three or four neurons on a 180x180 transistor array. In few days live nerves

Brain pace makers

They are implantable neurons that would perform the function of a part of brain that has been damaged by stroke or epilepsy... Cochlear Implant Electrically stimulates the auditory nerve

Electrode Arrays

What is Hippocampus?
The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other mammals. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in long-term memory and spatial navigation. In Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage; memory problems anddisorientation appear among the first symptoms.

Remote controlled Rat:

Movement signals are transmitted from computer to the brain of rat through a radio receiver strapped to its back. Military purposes and human rescue operations.

Rats implanted with BCIs in Theodore Bergers experiments

Monkey operating a robotic arm with BCIs

4.BenefitsofBrainChips:

It will increase the dynamic ranging of senses. Giving light to blind and giving paralyzed patients full mental control of limbs. No genetic modifications in the next generation. Rescue missions(remote controlled rat). The advantage of implants is that they take the decision making power away from the addict. Chips take away one's free will. It enables a person to make a better choice not to take drugs at all.

5.Drawbacks: Cost. Safety(non toxic materials). Losing Identity. Risk for surgeons.

 6.Future

It will enhance memory. It might enable cyberthink- invisible communication. Enable consistent and constant access to information where andIt will increase the dynamic range of senses, enabling, for example, seeing IR, UV, and chemical spectra when needed

of brain chips:

UMich Neural Chip 1024 electrodes

Infineon Neuro-Chip 16,384 electrodes

55 million transistors

7.Conclusion: Brain implants enhance capability of human organs and senses. It has a significant role to play in future genetic engineering fields and neuroscience.

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