Introduction to climate dynamics and climate modelling - http://www.climate.

be/textbook

Symbols and acronyms

p 13C 18O
Q obl s

f t

Albedo Planetary albedo Solar declination Delta value for the relative abundance of 13C in a sample Delta value for the relative abundance of 18O in a sample Radiative forcing at the tropopause Emissivity of an object Obliquity Latitude (on Earth) Density Solar zenith distance Longitude (on Earth) Feedback parameter True longitude Sea-surface elevation Stefan-Boltzman constant (= 5.67 10-8 W m-2 K-4) Infrared transmissivity of the atmosphere Longitude of the perihelion measured from the vernal equinox Angular velocity vector of the Earth

Antarctic Bottom Water Antarctic Intermediate Water Antarctic Circumpolar Current Anno Domini, yr AD is the number of years since the beginning of the Christian (or Common) era AGCM Atmospheric General Circulation Model Alk Alkalinity AOGCM Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Model BC Before Christ, yr BC is the number of years before 1AD BP Before Present, i.e. before 1950 AD C Condensation CCD Calcite Compensation Depth CDW Circumpolar Deep Water CGCM Coupled General Circulation Model Specific heat (J K-1 kg-1) cp CRF Cloud Radiative Forcing DGVM Dynamic Global Vegetation Model DIC Dissolved Inorganic Carbon DJF December, January and February E Evaporation EBM Energy Balance Model ecc Eccentricity EMIC Earth Model of Intermediate complexity ENSO El Nio Southern Oscillation es Saturation vapour pressure (Pa) Feedback factor ff 169

AABW AAIW ACC AD

Goosse H., P.Y. Barriat, W. Lefebvre, M.F. Loutre and V. Zunz (2009)

Ffric FIR FIR FLH FSH FSOL g GCM GtC HA IPCC ITCZ J JJA K ka KH kyr Lf LGM Lv m NADW NAM NAO nm NPP OGCM p ps P Pa PDE PERH PETM PFT PgC ppb ppm psu PW q R Rg RFTOA RH rm RMS

Force due to friction Downward longwave radiation at the surface (W m-2) Upward longwave radiation at the surface (W m-2) Latent heat flux at the surface (W m-2) Sensible heat flux at the surface (W m-2) Incoming solar radiation at the surface (W m-2) Acceleration due to gravity at the Earths surface (= 9.8 m s-2) General Circulation Models Gigaton of carbon (1015 grams of carbon) Hour Angle Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (http://www.ipcc.ch/) Intertropical Convergence Zone Joule June, July and August Kelvin 1000 years Solubility (of CO2) 1000 years Latent heat of fusion of water (= 334 kJ kg-1 at 0C) Last Glacial Maximum (around 21 kyr BP) Latent heat of vaporisation of water (= 2250 kJ kg-1 at 100C, 2500 kJ kg-1 at 0C) Metre North Atlantic Deep Water Northern Annular Mode North Atlantic Oscillation Nanometre (10-9 m) Net Primary Production Ocean General Circulation Model Pressure (Pa) Surface pressure (Pa) Precipitation Pascal Partial Differential Equation Longitude of the perihelion measured from the autumn equinox Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum Plant Functional Type Petagrams of carbon (1015 grams of carbon) Parts per billion Parts per million Practical salinity unit 1015 W Specific humidity (kg/kg) Earths radius (= 6371 km) Perfect gas constant Net radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere (W m-2) Relative Humidity Mean distance between the Earth and the Sun Root Mean Square 170

Symbols and acronyms

Rv Rriv S S0 SAM SOI Sv TCR Te Ts v W WMO yr z

Gas constant for water vapour (= 461.39 J Kg-1 K-1) River runoff Ocean salinity Solar constant (~ 1368 W m-2) Southern Annular Mode Southern Oscillation Index Sverdrup (= 106 m3 s-1) Transient climate response Effective emission temperature of the Earth Surface temperature Velocity vector Watt World Meteorological Organisation Year Altitude or depth, measured from the bottom upwards

171