Bonus

Problems for Quiz 5 Additional Textbook Problems 10-35 (reheat ranking cycle, ideal) ANSWER: 1176 kJ/kg and 35.8% 10-41 (reheat rankine cycle, non-ideal) ANSWER: 9.73 kPa, 10,242 kW, 36.9% 10-74 (cogeneration, ideal processes) ANSWER: 32,866 kW, 52.4% 10-88 (combined cycle w/ open cycle regen (FWH)long problem) ANSWER: 9.259, 671,300 kW, 41.7% 10-90 (combined cycle w/ reheat, non-ideal processeslong problem) ANSWER: 1.6%, 468 degC, 2897 kW, 38.8% 11-14 (ideal V-C cycle) ANSWER: 7.41 kW, 1.83 kW, 9.23 kW, 4.06 11-21 (non-ideal V-C cycle) ANSWER: 2.4 kW, 6.17 kW, 1.73 kPa, 0.203 kW 11-64 (cascaded refrigeration cycle, water/r134a, ideal processes) ANSWER: 0.1235 kg/s (r134a), 0.01523 kg/s (water), 0.451 11-80 (gas refrigeration cycle with regeneration, non-ideal processes) ANSWER: 0.434, 21.4 kW, 0.478, 24.7 kW, 0.599 NB: Past Midterm Problems and Scans of Textbook Problems are included on the following pages:

Past Midterm/Final Problems Problem 1

Problem 2 Super Devices Inc. claims to have a heat engine system that works on the cycle described below using water as the working fluid. 2 pump boiler 3

Super Devices Power Converter condenser 4

The cycle operates with a steady flow of 1.0 kg/s, executing the following processes: Process 1 -> 2: Saturated liquid water at 0.2 MPa in state 1 is pumped up to 8.0 MPa at state 2. The pump has an isentropic efficiency of 0.9. Process 2 -> 3: Water is heated, boiled and superheated at constant pressure to 500oC at state 3.

Process 3 -> 4: The Super Devices power converter executes an isothermal process in which it simultaneously absorbs heat at a rate of 2000 kW and delivers power as the pressure changes from 8.0 MPa to 0.2 MPa. Process 4 -> 1: Water vapor is cooled and condensed at constant pressure from state 4 to state 1. (a) Show this cycle on a T-s diagram, labeling the numbered states corresponding to the system schematic above, and correctly indicating the processes between the numbered states. (b) Determine the power input to the pump and the power output of the Super Devices power converter. (c) Determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle. (d) Does this system violate the Second Law of thermodynamics? Present an analysis that justifies your answer. Problem 3 Steam enters the turbine of a cogeneration plant (see diagram below) at 7 MPa and 500oC. One-fourth of the steam is extracted from the turbine at 600 kPa pressure for process heating. The remaining steam continues to expand to 10 kPa. The extracted steam is condensed and mixed with feedwater at constant pressure and the mixture (subcooled liquid) is pumped to the boiler pressure of 7 MPa. The mass flow rate of steam through the boiler is 30 kg/s. Disregard any pressure drops and heat losses in the piping, and assume the turbine and pump to be isentropic. (a) Fill out the table with the values of h and s determined and indicate how each state was determined. (b) Determine the net power produced. (c) Determine the utilization factor of the plant, defined as + ! = (d) Determine the rate of entropy generation in the feedwater mixer. (e) Draw a qualitatively correct T-s diagram of the cycle. Show the saturation curve. Indicate the flow direction. Identify the states, consistent with the diagram below.

Turbine

7 Boiler Process Heater 5 4 Pump II 8 Condenser

3 (sat. liquid) 1 (saturated liquid) 2 Pump I

Feedwater Mixer

State 1 h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg K) The state was determined based on:

 Problem 4 Consider the following refrigeration cycle which uses Refrigerant 134a as the working fluid. The refrigerant leaves the evaporator as a saturated vapor at -35oC. The compressor is adiabatic and has an efficiency of 80 %. The maximum pressure in the cycle is 0.9 MPa. The quality of the refrigerant entering the evaporator is x4 = 0.354. Assume that there are no pressure losses in the pipes or heat exchanger and that the pipes are well insulated. Now consider the following modified cycle. An adiabatic heat exchanger is inserted into the cycle as shown on the schematic given below. The state numbers of the modified cycle that also appear on the original cycle diagram indicate that those states are identical to those in the original cycle. The temperature at the compressor inlet is 50 K higher than at the evaporator outlet. The compressor has the same adiabatic efficiency as in the original cycle. (a) Fill out the tables on the next page with the values of h and s determined, and indicate how each state was determined. (b) Determine the coefficient of performance for each of the two cycles. (c) Draw qualitatively correct T-s and P-h diagrams of the two cycles, indicating the differences between the two. Show the saturation curve. Show the flow direction. Identify the states, consistent with the diagrams below.

State 1

Record the states for the ORIGINAL CYCLE: h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg K)

The state was determined based on:

Record the states for the MODIFIED CYCLE: h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg K)

State 1

The state was determined based on: