A Reality in Bangladesh

Presented at the Christian Aid Regional Consultation on Resilience South Asia 06-08 Feb 2013, Kathmandu, Nepal

Shah Md. Ashraful Amin

Christian Aid-Bangladesh

Regional Consultation on Resilience

06-08 Feb, 2013 Hotel Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal

Outline of the Discussion

What are the major consequences? Why Bangladesh is Vulnerable to CC? Climate Change (CC) Stressors and their Impacts on BD Challenges for the vulnerable community Challenges from CC Perspective
Socio-economic and Physical Dimension

Immediate Response

Consequences of CC
Temperature Rise
Land Surface Temperature Sea Surface Temperature

Variation in Precipitation Sea Level Rise

Majority of the impacts of climate change can be reflected in water. This is: a. Too much water b. Too little water c. Wrong type of water d. Wrong timing of water

CC Stressors and Consequences Changes in Means

Changes Potential Impacts Increase in temperature Reduction of crop yield Scarcity of water/Drought Human health, LS, Poultry Variation in precipitation Increase risk of flooding Increase risk of water logging Increase risk of landslide Increase risk of in-migration due to river bank erosion SLR Salinity intrusion, Inundation

CC Stressors and Consequences Changes in Extremes

Changes Flood Potential Impacts Damage to households in slum and squatter areas Damage to roads and other infrastructures Damage to utility services Spread out of water borne diseases Drought Heat or cold waves Tornado Severe water scarcity Short term changes in energy demand Health stress due to extra heat or cold Damage to households in slum and squatter areas Damage to utility services Cyclone Wash away everything

CC Stressors and Consequences Changes in Exposure

Changes Population Movements Biological changes Potential Impacts People are exposed to hazards Increase of vector borne diseases; High rate of malaria, dengue, typhoid

The cumulative effect of baseline shift and accentuation of extreme

CC Signal

Base line

Time

Cont.
Accentuation of extremes

CC Signal

Base line

Time

Temp Rise

Temp Rise

Changes in rainfall

Increasing frequency of extreme events

Decades Flood 80s 90s 00s 01s Total 1 3 9 6 19 Cyclone 7 4 7 1 19 No. of events Tornado 2 1 6 5 14 Drought 3 3 1 0 7

WHY BANGLADESH IS VULNERABLE??

The Bengal Delta is the product of complex hydrological and sedimentation processes of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) river systems

Sea Level Rise

The IPCC 3rd Assessment report estimated that the global rise in sea level from 1990 to 2100 would be between 9 and 88 cm
TAR/ NAPA
100 90 80 70 SLR (cm) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Year 2030 Year 2050 Year Year 2100

SMRC

SLR trend in Bangladesh

9 8 7 6 mm/ yr 5 4 3 2 1 0 Hiron Point Char Changa Station Coxs Bazar

SMRC 2010

Sea Level Rise

SLR and Mangrove Forest

Source: Kibria, G. 2012

Cyclone

Erratic Rainfall

Flood
Flood 2004

River Bank Erosion

EXISTING DROUGHTB SITUATION, AND DROUGHT SITUATION IN THE YEARS 2030 & 2075
DROUGHT CLASSES Very Severe Drought Severe Drought Moderate Drought Less Moderate Drought Slight Drought Very Slight to Nil Severe & Moderate Moderate & Less Moderate Sunderbans
Forest

EXISTING DROUGHT

ADDITIONAL DROUGHT PRONE AREAS IN 2030

ADDITIONAL DROUGHT PRONE AREAS IN 2075

Way forward

Manage the Unavoidable = Adaptation

Avoid the Unmanageable = Mitigation

Response to CC National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) 2005, revised in 2009

45 measures; 18 prioritized; (9 short term, 9 mid term)

Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2008, revised in 2009
10 year prog (2009-2018) 6 pillars; 44 programmes, 145 actions

Response to CC
Climate Change Trust Fund Act 2010
Formation of Climate Change Trust Fund 100 M$/year since 2010 from national budget

Climate Change Unit under MoEF

Financial support to different ministries and govt. departments National NGOs

Climate Change Resilience Fund

Raised Plinth Height

Homestead Garden on Raised Plinth

Raised Plinth of Toilet

Livestock During Flood

Preservation of Household Assets Over False Ceiling

Storage of Food for Flood

Storage of Safe Drinking Water & Dry Food

Community based rain water harvesting

Household based rain water harvesting

Floating Garden During Flood

Locally Known as Baira Cultivation

Raised Tube Well

Store Extra Furnace

Protecting from Erosion

Protecting IGA

Community People Using the Water of Re-excavated Pond

Pond Sand Filter

Household Based Rain Water Harvesting in Drought Prone Area

Drip Irrigation

Household Based Irrigation Farming

Crab Farming in Saline Water

Chickpeas in Drought Area

THANK YOU