Elliptic Filters

The magnitude squared frequency response of the normalized low-pass elliptic filter of order n is defined by
Hn( j ) =
2

1 2 1 + Rn ( )
2

where Rn ( ) is a Chebyshev rational function of determined from the specified ripple characteristics

n odd

n even

Figure 1: Magnitude squared frequency response of elliptic LP filters of odd and even orders. Unlike the Butterworth and Chebyshev filters, =1 is calculated using

12 = 1

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A parameter, r representing the sharpness of the transition region is defined as

r =

2 1

Thus a large value of r indicates a large transition band, while a small value of r indicates a small transition band. The general transfer function H n (s ) , for the normalized low-pass elliptic filter is given from odd and even n by
2 H0 s 2 + A0i H n (s) = , odd n ( s + s 0 ) i =1 s 2 + B1i s + B0i n 2 n 1

s 2 + A0i H n (s) = H 0 2 , even n i =1 s + B1i s + B0 i

To design a filter n, H 0 , S 0 , A0i , B1i , B0i have to be determined from the design specifications (1) (2) (3)

or equivalently G1 ,G2 and r where

1 = 20 log H n ( j1 ) G1 = 20 log (1 + 2 ) 1 G2 = 20 log 2 = 20 log H n ( j 2 ) A

By finding the G1 and G2 in this fashion, the r requirement will not be satisfied exactly; however, an r can be selected that exceeds the requirements.

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Determination of n for Normalized Elliptic Filters The design of a low-pass normalized elliptic filter to satisfy the specifications G1 ,G2 and r using Table 3.6 is straight forward. (1) (2) (3) (4) Find G1 and G2 in dB. Find the r portion of the table for which a value less than the determined r is found. Find the corresponding order n. The values of 1 and 2 are obtained by

1 =

and

2 = r

Thus it can be clearly verified that the requirements have been met. The design of an un-normalized elliptic low-pass filter satisfying a G1 dB ripple, cutoff at ' 1' and a G2 dB gain at 2 can be obtained by LP ->LP transformation of a mutable normalized elliptic filter
H ( s ) = H LP ( s ) |
s s

' For the elliptic filter 0 is selected to be the geometric mean of 1' and 2

' 0 = 1' 2

The corresponding LP requirements, 1 , 2 and r (transition) are obtained as follows

1' 1 = 0 2 = r =
' 2 0 ' 2 2 = ' 1 1

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Example #1 Find the transfer function for an elliptic low-pass filter with 2 dB cutoff value at 10,000 rad/s and a stop band attenuation of 40 dB for all past 14,400 rad/s. Solution

1' = 10,000rad / s
' 2 = 14,400rad / s

G1 = 2dB G2 = 40dB

Then
' 0 = 21' = (1 *10 4 )(1.44 *10 4 ) = 12,000

1' 10,000 5 = = 1 = 0 12,000 6 2 =

' 2 14,400 6 = = 0 12,000 5

r = 2 = 5 = 1.44 1 5
6

From the 2 dB and 40 dB part of the table it is seen that for n = 4 given r = 1.40542. Thus H LP ( s ) = 0.01( s 2 + 7.25202)( s 2 + 1.57676) ( s 2 + 0.467290s + 0.212344)( s 2 + 0.127954s + 0.677934)

The required LP is obtained by

H ( s ) = H LP ( s ) |
s s 12 , 000

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Example #2 Find the transfer function H(s) for a normalized elliptic filter that will satisfy the following conditions: G1 = 0.5dB G2 = 30dB

r = 1.21
From table 3.6a with pass-band ripple of 0.5 dB and stop-band gain of 30 dB, the smallest value of n that satisfies the r is n = 5, giving r = 1.12912. H 5 ( s) = Where 0.118807( s 2 + 2.14490)( s 2 + 1.18122) ( s + 0.511701)( s 2 + 0.480774s + 0.648724)( s 2 + 0.088080s + 0.907216)

1 =

= 0.941087

2 = r = 1.12912 = 1.06260

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