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Prof Mohsen Assadi Presentation
Prof Mohsen Assadi Presentation
Cleannaturalgasapplications GT&CCS
Prof. Mohsen Assadi Center for Sustainable Energy Solutions (cenSE) Univ. of Stavanger, Norway
WorkshopI AbuDhabi,January2012
Outline
Balancing & backup for renewable energy Balancing&backupforrenewableenergy CleanNGapplications?
NGvs.Oilandcoal
NGfueledpowerplantswithCCS p p
2
Theenergychallengeofthe21st century gy g y
securityofenergysupply
environment
economics
Backup&BalancingPower p g
Electricity El t i it demand
4
Balancing&BackupPower g p
Stochasticnatureofrenewableenergy gy requiresbalancing&backuppower
Fast starting Faststarting Loadfollowing Reliable Highefficiency&Lowemissions Fuel flexible Fuelflexible Lowinvestmentandoperationalcosts
==>NG:animportantenergysourceinEurope!
6
10
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DirectuseofNG
Potentialforhigherefficiency,avoiding conversionlosses i l
Investmentingasdistributionnet Technologydevelopmentforimproved performance CCSneedstobetailormade!
NG & Bi NG&Biogasastransportationfuel t t ti f l
Bothformarineandroadtransportation(lower CO2emission) SuccessivereplacementofNGwithBiogas p g
12
GTTechnologyDevelopment
Different optimization criteria for jet engines, simple y cycle GT & CC plants Intelligent monitoring at component & system level
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SGT-750
37 MW, 40% Launched nov 2010
Schematic S h ti
Compressor Combustion chamber Expander/Turbine
Compressor
Combustion Chamber
Expander / Turbine
14
Performanceimprovement p
Compressor
Increasedmassflow&PR,sameinletarea Activetipclearancecontrol&improvedaerodynamics Inletcooling/Intercooling
Combustionchamber
Efficientmaterialcooling,reducedimpactonCOT FuelflexibleDLNburners ue e b e bu e s Stablecombustionatvariousloads/operationalconditions
Expander/Turbine
Improvedmaterialcooling(closedloop,steamcooling,etc) I Improvedcomponentlifetime&reducedlosses d lif i & d dl
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16
Systemlevelconsiderations
Flexibility,themainissue
Frequentstarts/stops&loadchanges HRSG,akeycomponent y p
Combiningnaturalcirculation(lowpressuresection)& oncethroughboilerdesign(highpressuresection), reducingmaterialthickness&inertia
Fuelflexibility
Intelligentmonitoring
Artificial intelligence based monitoring tools for Artificialintelligencebasedmonitoringtoolsfor conditionbasedmaintenance
CCS&systemintegration
17
CCSTechnologies g
Source:ECN
20
Postcombustioncapture p
Source:CRC
21
Challenges
Installing current amine postcombustion Installingcurrentaminepost combustion technologyonnewconventional subcritical,supercritical,andultra supercriticalcoalfiredpowerplants p p p would: IncreasetheCOEbyabout80%. Large quantity of energy required to Largequantityofenergyrequiredto regeneratetheaminesolvent. Approximately30%energypenaltyto compresstheCO topipeline compress the CO2 to pipeline conditions.
Postcombustion
Retrofitpossible
C b Canbeappliedindependentoftypeofplant li d i d d t ft f l t
Basedonchemicalabsorption
Usedpreviously,butnotforlargescalecarboncapture frompowerplants
Efficiencypenaltyinrangeof>10% Improvementpotential
Solvents:lowerenergyconsumptionanddegradation Systemintegration:improvedheatmanagementand reducedparasiticlosses CO2recirculation:higherCO2partialpressureinexhaust gas
23
24
Netelectricefficiency(%)
?
49,48 w/PCCO2capture NGCCRef.
58,3
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
25
Exhaustgasrecirculation g
Natural Gas
CO2
G G
Air
HRSG
Cleaned Exhaust
Specificreboil lerduty(GJ/tonCO2)
Benefits Reduced reboiler duty >>net efficiency Reducedreboiler duty netefficiency increaseby~1%point But Additionalblower Increasedwatercoolingrequirementof ~50MWth 50MW
8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 35 3.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 CO2 concentration(mol%) MEA(30wt%) CO 2 capturerate90% Leanloading12.6 Desorberpressure1.86bar D b 1 86 b SimulatedinCO 2Sim
no EGR
with EGR 26
Precombustioncapture p
Source:CRC
27
GEsIGCCwithCCSSystem
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Precombustion
Applicableonlytogaseousfuel
Requires gasification of liquid and solid fuels Requiresgasificationofliquidandsolidfuels ASUneededforO2drivengasification(highCO2partial pressureinfuelgas) pressure in fuel gas)
Resultsinahydrogenrichfuel
majortechnologydevelopmentforH2fueledGTforIGCC
Efficiencypenaltyinrangeof>10% yp y g Improvementpotential
ASU higher efficiency/lower energy demand ASU:higherefficiency/lowerenergydemand Systemintegrationandcontrol:improvedheat managementandreducedparasiticlosses management and reduced parasitic losses
29
Configuration g
Gasification, Syngas Cooling & Scrubbing Acid Gas Removal (AGR) Water Gas Shift (WGS)
OxyFuelcombustion y
Source:CRC
31
Challenges: thecapitalcostandenergyconsumption foraASUtoproduceoxygen boiler air infiltration (mainly N2) excess boilerairinfiltration(mainlyN ),excess O2 contaminatingintheCO2 sequestrationstream Constructionofanewsupercriticaloxy Coalcombustionpowerplantequipped withacommerciallyavailableASU: y
IncreaseinCOEbyabout60%andhavea 25%energypenaltycomparedwitha newsupercriticalair fired,coal based new supercritical airfired, coalbased powerplantwithoutCO2 capture
EuropeanEnergyForum
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Heatexchanger(exhaustgascondenser)
Oxygenseparationcrucial
ASU (cryogenic) ASU(cryogenic) ChemicalLoopingCombustion(CLC) Membrane
34
Projectsetupwithlabscaleandpilotplant hl b l d l l
UsingexistingresearchinfrastructureinEurope Tools and method validation for a full scale plant analysis Toolsandmethodvalidationforafullscaleplantanalysis
EuropeanCommission