REPUBLIC OF YEMEN SANAA UUNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 4TH LEVEL

HYDRUSTATIC FORCE ON PLANE SUBMARGED SURFACES

NAME: RAMEZ ABDULAZIZ TARBOOSH

433/2007

UNDER SUPERVSION: Dr: ADEL ABDULJALIL. 1

Contents
Objective of experiment. Equipment set-up. Theory of experiment. Procedure. Results & Calculations. Discussion of the results. Conclution.

OBJECTIVE OF EXPERIMENT
The purpose of this experiment is to determain the center of pressure on a partially submerged plane surface.

The equipment of this experiment is consists of: 1) A quadrant putting in a tank of water and attached to a balance beam. 2) Set of weights putting on a balance pan on one sides of tank hunged on the balance beam. 3) A metric ruler. 4) Water to add in the tank. quadrant
balance beam

EQUIPMENT SETUP

A balance pan to carry weights

tank
A metric ruler
Figure ( 1 ) the experiment equipment

A stop cock to drain water

Figure ( 2 ) Analysis experiment equipment

THEORY OF EXPERIMENT
All submerged surfaces experience a hydrostatic force. The point through which this force acts is called the center of pressure. From figure ( 2 ) Hydrostatic theory shows that the center of pressure of the submerged area can be calculated using Eq.1. bellow. Where is the distance of the center of pressure from the fluid surface is the location of centroid of the submerged area and is the second moment of the area. 1 According to Hydrostatic Theory, the hydrostatic force ( ) on the face of the quadrant is calculated using Eq.2. Where is the vertical distance from the fluid surface to the centroid of the submerged area, is the specific weight of the liquid and A is the submerged area. 2 4

These two general equations can be used to develop equations specific to our experiment. Consider the situation when the end face of the apparatus is partially submerged (d< l ). Eq. 2 predicts the hydrostatic force to be: 3 The distance yR can also be determined from the moment arm L2 determined in the experiment: 4 Also we can write that the force can be : 5 Where ( y ) is the length of the plane submerged in the water. The distance from center of gravity to center of pressure (e) is :

6 The distance from water surface to the point of acting of force ( ) is: 7 Now taking the moment about pivot (O): ( Where: : is the weight in the balance pan. : is the length from the pivot to the balance pan. 5 )

Substituting of

from equation (5): ( )( )

But,(

) ( )( )

Rearranging equation gives: [ Multiply by ( )]

(
If we take: becomes: , ( )&

( )

; the equation above

This equation is of straight line, this line has the slop of (-m) and the intercept of this line with Y axis is ( X ).

PROCEDURE
1) Place the quadrant on the two dowel pins & using the clamping screw, fasten to the blanace arm. 2) Measure a , , depth d and width w of the quadrant end face. 3) Hang the balance pan from the end of the balance arm. 4) Connect a length of hose from the drain cock to the sump and a length from the bench feed to the triangular aperture on the top of the perspex tank. 5) Level the tank using the adjustable feet and spirit level. 6) Move the counter weigth until the balance arm is horizontal. 7) Close the drain cock and admit water until the level reaches the bottom edge of the quadrant. 8) Place a weigth on the balance pan. 9) Slowly adding water in to the tank until the balance arm is horizontal. 10) Record the water level on the quadrant and the weigth on the balance. 11) Fine adjustment of the watwr level can be achieved by overfilling and slowly draining using the stop cock. 12) Repeat the above steps for each increment of weigth until the water level reaches the top of the quadrant end face. 13) Remove each increment of weigth noting weigths and water levels until the weigths have been removed.

RESULTS & CALCULATIONS

a = 100 mm. d = 100 mm. W = 75 mm. = 275 mm. Filling tank Draining tank m Y m y (g) (mm) (g) (mm) 50 46 50 46 100 65 100 65 150 81 150 80 200 95 200 94 250 108 250 106 300 120 300 119.5 350 132 350 131.5 400 144 400 143.5 450 156 450 156 470 162 470 161.3 490 167 490 166.5 500 170 500 170 Average (mm) m y (g/ ) (g) (mm) 50 46 2116 0.023629 100 65 4225 0.023668 150 80.5 6480.25 0.023147 200 94.5 8930.25 0.022396 250 107 11449 0.021835 300 119.75 14340.0 0.020920 350 131.75 17358.0 0.020163 400 143.75 20664.0 0.019357 450 156 24336 0.018491 470 161.65 26130.722 0.017986 490 166.75 27805.56 0.017622 500 170 28900 0.017301

NOTE: the table is divided in to two parts , the first foure readings in the top part are taken when the plane is partially submerged , and the rest readings in the bottom part are taken when the plane is completely submerged with water.

Now we have to draw the plot of (

) againist ( y ) to get the slope

which is ( -m ) [ the graph has be drawn using ecxel programe]:

600

500

400

m\y2

300

200

Linear ()

100

0 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -100

(
Where: The slope = ( )

The intercept between the vertical axis and line =

NOTE: Until now we have getten the experimental values & to get the theoritical values we do the following:
The slope: ( The intercept point: ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) ( ) ) ( ( ) )

So the summer of the calculation:

error% = parameter slope ( ) intercept point ( ) theoretical experimental

0.177 0.00004

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DISCUSSION
We find from these results that there is a very small difference between experimental & theoritical results and this came from some problems during making the experimet such as: 1) The water we use to fill the tank was not pure %100. 2) The error of taking the ecxact readings of ( y ). 3) The atmospheric pressure affect the readings. 4) The vibrating of the balance arm. 5) There was not enough time for us.

CONCLUSION
The results of this experiment were very good and proofed the correct of the theoretical calculations. Accurate results can be obtained if the errors are repairer . These results proofed that the theoretical calculations are true.

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