LPG Cargo line sizing, pressure drop and TDH Propane only

1. Find the Frictional Head Loss and the Total Dynamic Head in a

12ND Pipe from Jetty manifold (at breakaway coupling) up to the inlet of Bullet Tank #1. Do manual & computerized calculations. 2. Given data:
Flowrate, Q = 500MT/hr refrigerated Propane. (500,000 kg/hr)/(515

kg/m3) = 971 m3/hr Pipe size / ID = 12ND Sch. 40 / 11.938 inches (303.3mm) Pipe roughness factor = 0.04572 (for new pipes) Operating Temp., T = 100C (500F) assumed average pipeline operating temp. Refrigerated Propane temp. inside ship = - 420C. It is discharged from the ship to the Jetty manifold where then, the pipeline drops down to seabed and therefore, pick up heat from the seawater. From there, for a preliminary ball park figure and ease of calculation, an operating temp. of 100C is assumed throughout the length of the pipeline. It has lots of insulation hence, minor heat was considered negligible. From the pipeline, Propane will reached the storage tank where I assumed a worst case scenario when the product temp. will eventually be in equilibrium with the ambient temp. of 250C during summer. Viscosity @ 100C (500F) , cP = 0.135 (ref. App. 1) = 0.000135Newton2 sec/m Specific Gravity, SG @ 100C (500F) = 0.515 (ref. App. 2) Density @ 100C (500F) = 515 kg/m3

3. Pipe lengths, Valves and fittings: Pipe lengths (ref. Site Development Plan Sht 1/1 and isometric dwgs PP2 &

PP3 Scheme 49).

Total Str. Pipe length (horizontal and vertical) = 2,300 + 6 + 13 + 453.33 = 2,772.33m
Equivalent length of valves & fittings: FROM JETTY MANIFOLD (at Breakaway coupling) to inlet of Bullet Tank #1

Fittings Ball Valve Gate Valve Check Valve Tee Equal Elbow: 90, R=1.5D Elbow: 45, R=1.5D Entrance Exit

No. of Valves & Fittings 6 1 1 1 4 10 1 1

Ref. App. 3 3D 13D 135D 65D 20D 16D 32D 64D

Calculation for 12ND, ID = 0.3033m 6 x 3 x 0.3033 1 x 13 x 0.3033 1 x 135 x 0.3033 1 x 65 x 0.3033 4 x 20 x 0.3033

Le, (m) 5.46 3.94 40.94 19.71 24.26

10 x 16 x 0.3033 1 x 32 x 0.3033 1 x 64 x 0.3033 Total

48.52 9.70 19.41 171.94 m

Total Str. Pipe length + Equivalent length = 2,772.33 m + 171.94 m = 2,944.27m

4. Pressure Drop calculation A. Manual calculation Total Dynamic Head, TDH = Static Head + Pressure Head + Velocity Head + Friction Head = (Zd - Zs) + (hpd - hps) + (hvd hvs) + (hfd - hfs) = (Zd - Zs) + [(Pd - Ps)/ ] + (hvd hvs) + (hfd - hfs) A.1 Static Head, = (Zd - Zs) (given) where: Zd = static discharge head = 25 m

Zs = static suction head = 15 m (given). Ship at sea is below grade level therefore, this is static suction lift = - 15m. = 25m ( - 15m) = 40 m A.2 Pressure Head = (Pd - Ps)/ where: Pd = vapor pressure of Propane at 250C inside bullet = 10.2barg = 148psig =

162.7 psia. (ref. App. 4). Note: It is safe to assume a worst case scenario (during summer) where the temperature inside the bullet could reached, and will be in equilibrium with an ambient temperature of 250C. The vapor pressure of Propane at 250C = 148psig. Ps = vapor pressure of Propane at 100C in pipeline = 6.1barg = 88.5psig = 103.2psia. (ref. App. 4) = SG in metric units = 0.515kg/m3 Pressure head, Ft = (Pd - Ps)/= [(162.7 103.2) x 2.31]/0.515 = 267ft = 81.4m A.3 Velocity Head = can be assumed as nil since flowrate and pipe size is constant. A.4 Friction Head, hf = (hfd - hfs) = fLV2 / 2gD where: hf = friction head loss (Darcy Eqtn) L = total length = 2,944.27 m V = Velocity, m/s D = inside diameter = 0.3033 m (12ND Pipe) g = 9.81 m/s2 f = coefficient of friction Velocity = Q / A = (971 m3/hr x 1 hr/3,600s) / [0.7854 x (0.3033m)2] = 3.7 m/s (this is OK vs. the allowable velocity of 3.0 4.6 m/s. Reynolds No. = VDp/u where: Velocity, V = 3.7 m/s Inside dia., D = 0.3033 m density, p = 515 kg/m3 viscosity, u = 0.135 cP u = 0.000135 Newtonsec/m
2

Reynolds No. = (3.7m/s x 0.3033 x 515) / 0.000135 = 4,281,023 turbulent Relative roughness for commercial steel at 303.3mm pipe ID = 0.00015 (ref. App. 5) At Reynolds no. = 4.3 x 106 and roughness factor of 0.00015, Friction factor, f = 0.015 (ref. App. 6) Friction Head, hf = fLV2 / 2gD = 0.015 x 2,944.27m x (3.7m/s)2 / (2 x 9.81 m/s2 x 0.3033m) = 102m Check for allowable delta P on friction head: Psi = ft x SG / 2.31 = (102m x 3.28ft/m x 0.515) / 2.31 = 75 psi Delta P/100ft = [75/(2,944.27m x 3.28ft/m)] x 100ft = 0.78psi/100ft. This is OK compared to the maximum allowable pressure drop of 1.5psi/100ft. Total Dynamic Head, TDH = 40 m + 81 + 0 + 102m = 223m (731ft) Total Dynamic Head in terms of press., Psi = ft x SG / 2.31 = 731 x 0.515 / 2.31 = 163 psi BHP = [GPM x TDH (in ft) x SG] / (3,960 x eff.) 971m3/hr = 4,275gpm = [4,275 x 731 x 0.515] / (3,960 x 0.65) = 625 HP where: GPM of

B. Internet Online Spreadsheet calculation for friction head loss

countercheck. Input data

Results:

Total pressure drop for 500MT/hr Propane @ 100C = 4.52 bar = 66 psi Friction head loss, Ft = psi x 2.31 / SG = (66 x 2.31) / 0.515 = 296ft = 90m vs. 102m in manual calculation.
5. Pressure drop and velocity calculation remarks

12ND x 500MT/hr. 0 Propane @ 10 C Calculated Allowable Remarks

Velocity, m/s 3.7 3.0 4.6 Passed

Pressure drop, psi/100ft 0.78 1.5 Passed

Therefore, use 12ND Sch 40 Pipe

6. Appendices:
1. Viscosity Chart API TECHNICAL DATA BOOK 2. Specific Gravity vs. Temp. Chart for petroleum Oil Cranes Technical Paper, page A-7

3. Equivalent Length of Valves & Fittings Table DEP 31.38.01.11 4. Characteristics of LP Gas Typical Properties 5. Relative Roughness of Pipe Materials _ Cranes Tech. Paper, page A-23 6. 7. Friction Factor for Any Type of Commercial Pipe Cranes Tech. Paper, page A-24 Line Sizing Criteria Table

Appendix 1 Viscosity Chart

Appendix 2 Specific Gravity vs. Temperature Chart

Appendix 3 Equivalent Length of Valves & Fittings

Appendix 4 Characteristics of LP Gas Typical Properties

Appendix 5 Relative Roughness of Pipe Materials

Appendix 6 Friction Factor for Any Type of Commercial Pipe