The Case Against Litefootv2 - 1

1
Book Review of Codename: Litefoot

By J ohn C. Simpson

Several SniperWeeks ago there was a presentation by B.G. Burkett the author of Stolen Valor.

Many in the audience wondered what was the point of his appearance.

The point is, when someone identifies themselves with the term sniper and then tries to
perpetrate a fraud, and goes on to portray snipers as psychos, burn outs and losers, then that
affects all of us who look at being a sniper as something we want to be and do well.

This issues book review is about a piece of poorly written fiction presented as fact, entitled
Codename: Litefoot, by Robert Boyd.

J ust be advised that, even as a first novel, this is pretty badfull of stilted dialogue between
characters who avoid using contractions with a passion and action scenes that make Rambo look
like a contender for the Noble Peace Prize.

He so obviously wants to have been a part of something that he passes on the tired old urban
legends of Vietnam to include incurable STDs & prostitutes having implanted razor blades in
their nether regions.

The story is a work of autobiographical fiction about a young man who joins the Air Force in
the 1960s to learn how to become an aircraft mechanic.

He seems to go from one sadistic commander to another until he says that everyones favorite
boogey man, the CIA, recruits him to serve as a sniper in Vietnam.

Its easy to dismiss these ramblings, except for one thingRobert Boyd wants us to believe its
all-true, and thats where I have a problem with him.

2
I started researching his claims last year when my friend and mentor Sergeant Major J ohn Larsen
(US Army, retired) told me about this guy making some incredible claims about being a sniper in
Vietnam and selling his book at gun shows. Fortunately, I had learned how to do this research
from B.G. Burkett, from his excellent book, Stolen Valor, and his website www.stolenvalor.com.
Matters came to a head Memorial Day 2009, when I read a news story about how Boyd was
asked to address a veterans group in his persona as Litefoot the unsung sniper hero. A local
fireman was interviewed about how he brought his two kids with him to see a real veteran.

Now of course, since Boyd says he worked for the Central Intelligence Agency, there is no
record of any of this. Im going to say this for the first and last time. Extraordinary claims
require extraordinary proof and the burden of that proof is on the person making the claims.

Theres this notion by people brought up learning about Special Operations from movies and
television shows that someone can be completely covert. The thing is, in the military, you cant
just have someone cease to exist. They still have to be accounted for; they have to be fed,
housed and paid. Unit commanders have to account for their personnel. Flight manifests are
made for aircraft passengers. People in Top Secret assignments have Top Secret sections of their
personnel files where they receive personnel evaluations, records of training received and the
like. In my own career I attended schools the purpose of which were classified SECRET and
compartmentalized with code words. I still had travel orders and receipts from those
experiences. My Sergeant major had a daily duty roster that listed me as on Temporary Duty.
But you get the point.

That said, there are a number of documentable, factual errors I will be pointing to that should
prove to a reasonable person that Robert Boyd was NOT a sniper in Vietnam.

In the interest of full disclosure let me say that coming into Special Forces in 1978, I received a
great deal of influence from Vietnam veterans, whether it was guys like SSG Rasnake or
Corky Shelton, at Phase II Weapons, or MSG Squirrel Sprouse out at Camp Mackall. My
first three NCOICs at the Sniper School were guys like Master Sergeants Larry Freeman, Al
Davis and Rick Boucher. The aforementioned SGM Larsen is a Vietnam vet. So yeah, when
anyone wants to keep selling the ragged, beat down, shell shocked, drugged-out, Viet vet loser I
get sore. Enough said.

Ive identified eight claims made by Boyd in this book and have debunked each one. This is
followed by a time line I put together from the copy of Boyds service record I obtained through
the Freedom of Information Act. The time line is also heavily footnoted with references and
goes to my point that Boyds sniper career in Vietnam is all in his head.

Litefoot Claims

He served in Vietnam for an extended period of time.
If you look at the timeline I provide, his military service record indicates overseas service
in the Philippines as an Aircraft Mechanic, with no service in Vietnam.

He received 12 weeks of sniper training from a Marine Gunnery Sergeant
3
Although not a smoking gun, I just had to address some of the ignorance in this one.
First of all is a Marine Gunnery Sergeant, outside of Drill Instructor duty in boot camp,
insisting on Sir, Yes, Sir! responses. Not going to happen. Second is 12 weeks of in-
country sniper training. Army Ranger School is 8 weeks long. Marine sniper schools are
from 6-8 weeks long. The Army sniper school that was kicking off around the time of
Boyds discharge was two weeks long. Granted, it takes time to learn how to throw
sharpened roofing nails, but twelve weeks? Third is the fact a Marine sniper instructor,
sometime in 1967, would be able to train someone on the use of any ART scope, much
less one that didnt exist at the time (see below). Finally, Mr. Boyd doesnt know as much
about firearms as he claims when he has the Marine Gunnery Sergeant refer to the M-
14s caliber as three oh eight thirty caliber. Thats as redundant as saying that he
lives in a big house home! Referring to the caliber as anything but 7.62mm NATO raises
yet another flag.

He used an M21 rifle with a super secret ART II scope.
This fact alone should be enough to discredit his story to even the most die-hard
supporter. Simply put, prior to 1978, there was NO SUCH THING as an ART II scope
super secret or otherwise. If you look at the time line I provide, just looking at the
time Boyd was stationed in the Philippines, there were only ten hand built ART I scopes
in Vietnam and I have the document where they are all accounted for. But more to the
point, these were what we now call ART I scopes. The first 65 production ART I scopes
didnt even arrive until over a month after he was discharged from the Air Force! By the
way, when initially developed and fielded the ART scope in connection with Army sniping
was classified CONFIDENTIAL not SECRET or TOP SECRET. Meanwhile, Jim
Leatherwood was patenting his principles and having them featured in popular
magazines of the day. I have the now unclassified documents that show all of this, for
anyone who is interested. And once more and for the last time, it wasnt the ART II
scope, photos of which he included in his book and on his website.

Just to clarify, this is the ART II scope he claimed to use and of which he includes
photographs in his book and on his website:

While he was in the Philippines, the Army was experimenting with ten hand-made
examples of what was known as the ART (which by the way means Adjustable Ranging
Telescope or Telescopic), which looked like this:
4

After Boyds discharge, the first 65 copies of the above ART I scope arrived in Vietnam.
When he claims to have used an ART II scope, hes lying.
Looking at the timeline and the references I used to make it, he wouldnt have had an
XM21 named Headstone or anything for that matter. Oh, by the way, the picture he
has on his website of Headstone lying on a green rug? I wondered why he would have
such a fancy rug in a hooch somewhere in Southeast Asia, so I went to Google Images
and just typed in M21. Lo and behold the 10
th
hit was the exact same picture Boyd
used on his website, except the website was Snipercentral.com and the photo was
credited to Sergeant Major Pantono.

He designed the two-point mounting system for the ART II scope.
This is another thing that really ticks me off. Reading Peter Senichs terrific book, The
Long Range War, we find that Boyd is trying to take credit for the work of the Army
Marksmanship Training Unit and people like Major Ray Orton and Master Sergeant
Robert Walsh who worked on the design and fabrication of the mounting system. And
once again, there was no ART II scope for him to design this mount. Upon a close
examination of the text, he is referring to something called a pivot mount scope base.
Unfortunately, a brief description of Leatherwoods Auto Ranging principle puts the lie
to that too. The condensed version is that the scope is a variable power optic attached to
a ballistic cam under spring tension at the rear of the scope. A variable power scope
changes magnification as you twist the rear of the scope. As the image gets larger and
smaller, as you adjust the magnification, you are trying to fit a standard-sized portion of
the target in the reticle. In the ART I, you want to fit the top of a mans head and his belt
line (about 30) between the two horizontal lines on the vertical crosshair:
5

In the ART II reticle you want to adjust the magnification until the top and bottom of a
one-meter target (top of head to the groin) fits the thickness of the heavy portion of the
horizontal crosshair:

Now, while you are twisting the magnification control on the scope, the cam on the back
of the scope is turning at the same time, raising and lowering the back of the scope to
compensate for the ballistic trajectory of the bullet, so the front of both models of scope
need to pivot in the front and the rear needs to move up and down. A conventional scope
base would hardly be suited for this application.
The range settings are on the cam, so when Boyd references adjusting the elevation knob
in the text, hes making it up. Also on page 128, he refers to changing his sights from 250
meters to 225 meters. Apart from the fact that ballistically there isnt that much
difference between a sight setting of 225 and 250 meters, I hate to tell Litefoot that
neither ART scope can be set for below 300 meters.
6

He used his own sniper dialogue when acting as a sniper.
Ive been a military and police sniper instructor for almost 25 years and Ive never heard
a more confusing sniper dialogue in that time. For all of Boyds claims to have an Auto
Ranging scope using the Leatherwood design, he still quotes Tom Berenger in the
laughable movie Sniper by commanding his spotter, Buck, to Range me. Then
theres the curious Safe-fire dialogue. Windage calls are a weather report followed by
Adjust one click left. Boyd describes reaching up to adjust the windage and elevation
knobs on his scope on page 124. If I could direct your attention back to the pictures I
hasten to point out that neither scope has knobs. Those are dust covers for slotted
elevation and windage adjustments to be used for zeroing. The ART I had the vertical
lines on the horizontal crosswire and the ART II had dots subtending 60 inches at the
range for which it was set. Those were for windage hold offs.
Speaking of Tom Berenger in that movie I cant help but notice Boyd advocating One
shot two kills, just like in the movie. Curious.

He was ready to go on and then backed up Carlos Hathcock on his mission to snipe an
enemy general officer.
Im going to be treading on dangerous ground here, but first let me point out that the
time lines dont match up. According to Charles Hendersons biography of Hathcock, it
took place just before he rotated home in April 1967. According to Boyds service
record, he didnt even arrive in the Philippines until 8 July 1967.
Second, ever since Hendersons account came out, there has been a growing consensus
that whoever Hathcock shot that day wasnt a General. In fact, the late Lieutenant
General Ormond R. Simpson, USMC (ret)(and no relation), who was the 1
st
Marine
Division commander in December 1968, is quoted by author Michael Lee Lanning in his
book Inside the Crosshairs as saying, First, we never had a fix on a NVA Division
Command Post. Second, if we had, we damn sure wouldnt have sent one sniper when
we had 176 tubes of artillery and all the possible air we needed. Add to that the only
reference to this happening is Henderson. Unlike us the North Vietnamese didnt have a
lot of Generals and they can account for how every one of them died during the war. For
instance, although Ive found that General Nguyn Ch Thanh died of a heart attack 7
July 1967 (he planned the Tet Offensive), no one has ever shown me credible evidence
that Hathcock shot a General. But what is most significant for our purposes is that Boyd
thinks it happened. In the book hes discussing it as an upcoming operation, but he was
still in the States!

He dined on Meals, Ready to Eat (MREs) while in Vietnam
Its just stupid stuff like this that stands out to someone who served in the Army from the
late 70s. I remember when MREs were issued for the first time and it was a pretty big
deal then. If you note on the time line, MREs werent actually adopted until 1975 when
the National Stock Number was assigned, and they werent issued until we had depleted
existing stocks of C-Rations (which I was still eating in the 80s). There was a Food
Packet, Long Range Patrol (LRP ration) available since 1964, but he clearly states he
7
was eating MREs and LRPs and even lists them in the glossary. First, he was using a
scope that didnt exist and now eating rations that didnt exist. See a pattern?

He improved the Ghillie suit and used it throughout Vietnam, even teaching Carlos
Hathcock how to use one.
Back when I was on active duty I visited the Canadian Master Sniper School in
Gagetown. While there I ran into the instructors who were there when Gunnery Sergeant
Hathcock, Major Dick Culver and others visited their school, while they were in the
process of standing up the Marine School at Quantico. There were also liaison trips with
the Royal Marine Commandos and their sniper school in England. Basically, thats how
the idea of the Ghillie suit entered the food chain in American sniping. There are no
photos of anyone using a Ghillie suit in Vietnam and with good reason. No matter how
many vents you cut in it, youre either going to die of heat exhaustion or snag on every
wait a minute vine from here to eternity.

Litefoot Timeline

24 March 1965 Boyd Enters Air Force @ Lackland AFB, TX
1

11 May 1965 Boyd attends Aircraft Mechanic Course 43131 @ Chanute AFB, IL
2

14 October 1965 Marine Corps sniper team in I Corps makes first sniper kill in Vietnam
3

18 October 1965 Two prototype Bushnell scopes shipped to 1
st
Cavalry Div in Vietnam
4

20 October 1965 Assigned 4442 Organizational Maintenance Squadron, Sewart AFB, TN
5

3 October 1966 Hathcock joins CPT Land @ 1
st
MARDIV in Vietnam
6

19 April 1967 US Army Vietnam announces plans to evaluate sniping operations
7

April 1967(?) Events in Stalking the General allegedly take place
8

J une 1967 The only ten ART scopes in existence begin evaluation in Vietnam
9

8 July 1967 Assigned 774 TCS, Mactan Isle Airfield, Philippines
10

October 1967 ART scope evaluation ends in Vietnam
11

23 October 1967 Boyd graduates Aircraft Maintenance Technical Course for the C-7A
12

23 April 1968 J im Leatherwood files patent application for Variable Power Sighting
Scope
13

1
Boyd Service Record obtained through FOIA. All listings from the service record will be in italics.
2
Boyd Service Record
3
The Marines in Vietnam 1965: The Landing and the Buildup: The Landing and the Buildup, 1965; by J ack
Shulimson & Major Charles M. J ohnson, USMC; HISTORY AND MUSEUMS DIVISION, HEADQUARTERS,
U.S. MARINE CORPS
4
U.S. ARMY LAND WARFARE LABORATORY. VOLUME II. APPENDIX B. TASK SHEETS; by J . E.
Mortland; Prepared for: Army Land Warfare Laboratory; J une 1974
5
Boyd Service Record
6
Marine Sniper: 93 Confirmed Kills; by Charles Henderson; 1986
7
Final Report - Sniper Operations and Equipment (ACG-87/67I) dated 23 February 1968
8
9
10
Boyd Service Record
11
12
Boyd Service Record
8

J une 1968 AMTU arrives in Vietnam to start 9
th
Infantry Div sniper school
14

13 July 1968 Assigned 467 Combat Support Group, Mactan AB, Philippines
15

12 August 1968 Returned from overseas
16

3 September 1968 Boyd discharged from the Air Force at Travis AFB, California
17

24 October 1968 First 65 ART scopes are shipped to Vietnam
18

7 November 1968 First 9
th
Infantry Division snipers assigned to battalions
19 November 1968 First 9
th
Infantry Division sniper kill
1920

2 J anuary 1969 2d Bn/327
th
/101
st
Airborne Div initiates sniper operations in Vietnam
21

14 February 1969 XM21 rifle goes into full-scale production
22

May 1969 Hathcock begins second tour of Vietnam
23

May 1969 Army announces the new ART I scope
24

September 1969 101
st
Airborne Division opens sniper school
25

17 September 1969 Hathcock caught in ambush; suffers burns
26

18 September 1969 Army Weapons Command announces the XM21 rifle
27

25 J anuary 1975 Meal, Ready to Eat (MRE) enter the system
28

J une 1980 First Leatherwood ART II scopes are sold to the Army
29

13
Patent #3492733 awarded 3 Feb 1970
14
Sharpening the Combat Edge: The Use of Analysis to Reinforce Military J udgment; by LTG J ulian Ewell, US
Army and COL Ira Hunt, US Army; 1974
15
Boyd Service Record
16
Boyd Service Record
17
Boyd Service Record
18
U.S. ARMY LAND WARFARE LABORATORY. VOLUME II. APPENDIX B. TASK SHEETS
19
Sharpening the Combat Edge: The Use of Analysis to Reinforce Military J udgment; by LTG J ulian Ewell, US
Army and COL Ira Hunt, US Army; 1974
20
Also listed in another source as 10 November. The point is it was after Boyds discharge
21
Operational Report - Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 101
st
Airborne Division, Period Ending 31 J anuary 1969 (U)
22
The Long Range War: Sniping in Vietnam; by Peter Senich; 1994
23
24
Army Lab adds ART to Sniping; by Franklin Owens; American Rifleman magazine; May, 1969
25
Senior Officer Debriefing Report_101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Period 25 May 1969 to 25 May 1970
26
27
Dope Bag: Army Sniper Rifle; American Rifleman; December 1969
28
Summary of Operational Rations; Natick Labs; 1982
29
The Long Range War: Sniping in Vietnam; by Peter Senich; 1994
National Personnel Records Center
Military Personnel Records, 9700 Page Avenue St. Louis, Missouri 63132-5100
March 12, 2009
JOHN SIMPSON
RE:
Dear Sir:
Veteran's Name: BOYD, Robert A
SN: 19832480
Request Number: 1-5269410782
Thank you for contacting the National Personnel Records Center. We are providing the
releasable military service information based on restrictions imposed by the military services
consistent with Department of Defense regulations and the provisions of the Freedom of
Information Act and the Privacy Act of 1974. Releasable information has been transcribed,
photocopied, or a combination of both, in order to comply with your request.
If additional information is needed, the Privacy Act of 1974 requires the written consent
(signature) of the individual to whom the record pertains. If the individual is deceased we must
have the written consent of the next of kin. The next of kin is defined as: unremarried widow or
widower, son, daughter, father, mother, brother or sister.
If you have questions or comments regarding this response, you may contact us at 314-801-0800
or by mail at the address shown in the letterhead above. If you contact us, please reference the
Request Number listed above. If you are a veteran, or a deceased veteran's next of kin, please
consider submitting your future requests online by visiting us at http://vctrecs.archives.goy.
We Value Our
D Veterans' Privacy
' ' ' ' ' ~ Let liS kllow if we IlI/ve
failed to protect it.
TTERRELL
ch"ves Technician (3A)
Enc1osure(s)
National Archives and Records Administration
http://www.nara.gov/regional/stlouis.html
INFORMATION RELEASABLE UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT
Name
ROBERT ALAN BOYD
Branch of Service and Serial/Service Number(s)
AIR FORCE (19832480)
Dates of Service
MARCH 24, 1965 TO SEPTEMBER
Duty Status
DISCHARGED
Rank/Grade
AIRMAN
Salary
N/A
Source of Commission
N/A
Promotion Sequence Number
N/A
Assignments and Geographical Locations
SEE ATTACHED
Military Education
SEE ATTACHED
3, 1968
Decorations and Awards
SMALL ARMS EXPERT MARKSMANSHIP RIBON, NATIONAL DEFENSE SERVICE MEDAL
Transcript of Court-Martial Trial
NOT IN FILE
Photograph
N/A
Place of Entry
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
Place of Separation
TRAVIS AIRFORCE BASE FAIRFIELD, CALIFORNIA
FOR DECEASED VETERAN ONLY
Place of Birth
Date of Death
Location of Death
Place of Burial
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA FORM 13164 (Rev. 02-02)

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PHYSICAL STATUS
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U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1960 OF-S37325
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surrounding them may be moved to
zero index after the rifle is sighted-in.
Serrated-edge dust covers are provided
for the adjustment knobs.
Three crosswires
The reticle is unusual. Its aimIng
portion is a conventional crosswire with
flat-topped posts at both sides and the
bottom, although these are too far apart
to be of much usefulness for sighting
at game. In the upper half of the field
are 2 additional crosswires. These are
the range-finder part of the drop-com-
pensating system.
The upper crosswire is movable. Turn-
ing a ring on the outside of the scope
at the rear raises or lowers the upper
crosswire. This ring is turned until the
image of an I8"-high target, the average
chest depth of most big game animals
estimated by the scope's maker, just fits
between them. Even though the adjust-
ment ring is grooved around the raised
V2" of its 3;4" width, a knob that moves
from about one o'clock to 5 o'clock
(from the rear) is provided to make
Specifications
REALIST LEATHERWOOD
AUTO/RANGE RIFLESCOPE
Type: Hunting telescope sight with bul-
let drop adjustment
Actual Magnification: 6.3X
Field of View At 100 Yds.: 16ft.
Eye Relief: 35/a"
Body Tube Diameter: 1"
Objective Tube Diameter: 1.7"
Eyepiece Tube Diameter: 1.43"
Length: 145/8"
Weight: 1 lb. 3
3
/8 ozs. with mount
Value of Click Dr Graduation: 3/4 minute
of angle
Price: $99.89 with mount and trajectory
cam
adjustments easier.
Fastened with 2 slotted screws to the
forward section of the adjustment ring
is a replaceable cam acting against an
extension of the mount base rail. As the
ring is turned to adjust the upper cross-
wires for range, the eccentric cam raises
or lowers the scope to compensate for
the bullet's drop at the range of the tar-
get. Total vertical displacement of the
scope at the cam is small, about .017"
on the first scope tested. Factory litera-
ture states that the cams, for a number
of different cartridges, are made to spe-
cifications derived from firing tests "from
a 26" barrel". What prompted Realist to
adopt this inappropriate length as a
standard, when most sporting rifles have
shorter barrels, is perplexing.
Obviously, the scope cannot be used
as a range compensator with any other
mount. And, the mount, which is sup-
plied with the scope, is unusual.
Essentially, it consists of 2 bars each ..
fastened to a flat spring between them.
The upper bar has raised portions at
front and rear in which the scope rests,
secured by steel front and rear rings
fastened with 2 screws at each side. The
spring permits the scope to tilt up or
down as the eccentric cam is turned.
Along its sides, the lower bar, or base
rail, is contoured to fit the dovetails in a
pair of base blocks which attach to
the rifle receiver conventionally with 2
THE AMERICAN RIFLEMAN
i
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NAME _
ADDRESS _
CITY _
STATE ~ I P - - - -
GANDER MOUNTAIN, INC.
P.O. Box 6, Dept. AR
Wilmot, Wisconsin 53192
Yes . . rush my NEW No.9 Catalog.
NAME _
ADDRESS, _
CITY _
STATE ZIP _
*U.S.A. only-Foreign request (ref. onlyl send $2
------------.-
Also send a FREE Catalog to my friend
Exclusive distributor: J. L. Galef &Son, Inc.
85 Chambers St., New York, New York 10007
AVAILABLE AT BONA FIDE LICENSED GUN DEALER STORES ONLY.
For free brochure, write Department 3AR9
6ALEFIBSA
Britain Devalues Pound
You uelll1ese new lowprices on BSA
fIIEW BSA METEOR SUPER AIR RIFLE.
MADE TO SELL AT $49.95. NOW ONLY $29.95.
At last an air riffle with the looks and features of a high powered sporting
rifle. Muzzle velocities higher than gas operated. With positive shooting shot
to shot zero. Adjustable trigger with crisp, light pull. Action grooved for tip-off
scope mounts. Sporting rifle sights. Scandinavian beech stock. Ventilated recoil
pad. Packed in permanent molded carton "kit" that includes pellets, targets, tar-
get holder and lubricant. .177 or .22 caliber.
JAMES BAY
GOOSE HUNT
FAMOUS BSA MONARCH DELUXE HUNTING
RIFLE. WAS $119.00. NOW $149.95.
Why is BSA the world's most advanced bolt action rifle? Take the receiver alone.
Machined through 62 separate stages. Then there's the recessed bolt face that
gives complete enclosure of cartridge case head. Plus gas proof housing. Jessops
chromoly steel barrel spillbored with grooves cut individually to ensure perfect
concentricity. Receiver drilled and tapped for standard scope mounts. Fully ad-
justable trigger. Calibers: 30/06 Springfield, 270 Winchester, 308 Winchester, 243
Winchester, 222 Remington, and 7mm Magnum.
A true goose hunter's dream. Three full days
of the best goose hunting in North America.
Package includes air transportation from base-
camp to James Bay, food, accommodation and
experienced guides. Starting Sept. 15 to 30.
Limited accommodations, so don't delay. For
rates and information, write or phone: White
River Air Services Ltd., White River, Ontario,
Canada, (Area code 807) 822-2222.
e
TARG.DOTS
IMPROVE YOUR AIM
BRILLIANT RED shooting cir-cles-
Paste on targets, etc. Hi hlites
sights-NO 'grey-out". Sel(.stick.
ing, 4 sizes. FREE Details &
Samples fol'" card. SEND TODAY!
PETERSON'S LABELS
Liberty Corners, New Jersey 07938
screws each. Blocks are made to fit a
variety of rifles. At the front of the rail
on the left side is a series of lugs. When
the scope is positioned in the blocks for
correct eye relief, a number of these
lugs engage the front base clamp to pre-
vent the scope shifting back and forth
from recoil.
To be sure, this mount is not simple.
Nor are the mount and the long scope
particularly attractive to some viewers.
This, however, is much a matter of indi-
vidual opinion.
The first scope tested is optically
good. In tests by the Technical Staff,
extremely little evidence of optical faults
could be seen. The image is bright and
clear, and the scope is capable of resolv-
ing detail that is finer than can be made
out by the eye of its user. Its nearly
5Vz mm.-diameter exit pupil is ade-
quately large for seeing the target under
even dim light conditions. Field of view,
16 ft. at 100 yds., is normal for a scope
of this magnification.
Replaceable cam (arrow) of Auto/Range
scope bears against extension of mount
base rail. Turning ring with knob moves
cam to raise or lower scope.
Tested for effective sealing
As the maker claims "weatherproof
construction", sealing effectiveness, the
property of a scope to resist entrance of
dirt and moisture laden air, was tested
by immersing the scope in water heated
to 135F. This heats the gas within the
scope, causing the gas to expand. Then
if there are any avenues along which it
can escape, the gas makes itself known
by a stream of bubbles rising through
the water. A steady but slow stream of
bubbles from a small leak beneath the
objective lens collar indicated a lack of
effective sealing at that location.
Some hesitation of the adjustment
system in following changes was noticed.
Also, on some occasions-witnessed by
2 observers-the elevation adjustment
hung near maximum travel and did not
follow adjustment changes at all until
jarred. And, the adjustments are a bit
stiff for comfortably making accurate
SEPTEMBER 1968
capable of shooting 5-shot groups of 11;4
minutes of angle or under consistently-
excellent accuracy for a short, light
barrel. Initial shooting was done from
sandbags at bench-rest by 2 skilled
marksmen at ranges from 100 to 500
yds. The last series was shot from prone.
NRA shooting tests were conducted
over several days. Target for the first
test series was an 18" black circle on
paper about 4 ft. square. Later testing
was done with targets made with 18"
crosses on 4-ft. square paper.
But, with the specified ammunition,
group centers were high enough to miss
a game target of 18" through the brisket
from about 325 to 450 yds. during one
series of tests, and just barely would
have nicked it at these ranges during
the prone series-although many indi-
vidual shots forming the groups would
have missed.
In following the scope manufacturer's
recommended sighting-in procedure, it
was noticed that the range-finding cross-
wires cover a greater vertical amount
than the 18" aiming mark when at the
lowest setting for sighting-in at 100 yds.
Shooting was tried both by adjusting
zero in this way and by adjusting the
scope to bracket the target at 100 yds.
to sight-in. However, the rifle still shot
significantly high at extended range.
When adjusted for shooting at 400
meters, the maximum travel of the ad-
justment ring was used and no further
adjustment for 500-yd. shooting was
possible. This brought the group centers
back down reasonably close to the point
of aim at 500 yds.
These results were hardly compatible
with the claims made for the Auto!
Range Scope. Consequently, a second
scope was requested from Realist with
mount bases for a Remington 40X rifle
so it could be tested on an accurate cal.
.308 Winchester heavy bench-rest rifle.
Because the note "Partial List" is given
on the cam availability list in the scope
owner's manual, a cam in this caliber
for W-W 150-gr. Power Point ammuni-
tion was requested, even though this
cam is not among those listed. The de-
sired cam was not available, and a cam
DOPEBAG continued
Mounted on Winchester M70
The first Auto! Range scope supplied
NRA for test is fitted with a cam for
cal. .30-'06 cartridges with 150-gr. Rem-
ington Core-Lokt and Winchester Silver-
tip bullets or equivalent, and with bases
for a Winchester Model 70 rifle. For
firing tests, the scope was mounted on a
late series, and little fired Model 70 rifle
with a 22" sporterweight barrel. With
selected ammunition, this rifle proved
small changes with a coin. Although
both in the instruction manual accom-
panying the scope and inside the adjust-
ment dust caps, the value of one gradu-
ation is given as one m.o.a. (minute of
angle, equal approximately to one inch
at 100 yds.) the graduations of the
scope tested represent 3A m.o.a.
The occasional hesitation in following
adjustment changes was observed again
during field firing tests. When small cor-
rections had been made to sight-in at
100 yds., sometimes a change was not
apparent in point of impact of the first
shot. But the second and following shots
would be displaced. Thus, it would seem
that a 'settling shot', fired off the target,
is advisable after making an adjustment
change before shooting to sight-in is
resumed.
In their literature, the makers of this
scope several times point out that each
adjustment cam may be used only with
ammunition which they specify or with
its equivalent. This is because different
makes with bullets of the same weight
may have different muzzle velocities.
And bullets of the same weight that have
different shapes are slowed in flight by
air resistance at different rates. Bullet
drop at any range is a function of both
muzzle velocity and remaining velocity,
so it is clear that the scope manufac-
turer's recommendations for loads and
bullets must be followed.
Effectively, this rules out the use of
handloads for hunting with this scope,
unless the handloader has the facilities
and energy to shoot enough at extended
ranges to develop completely reliable
bullet drop data.
Mounting system of the Realist Auto/Range scope is unusual.
MIDCENTURY CUFF
C.... n..'lB
DELUXE ARM CUFF
ROCK ISLAND. ILL. 61201
FREELAND
"ALLANGLE" TRIPOD
3737 14th AVE.
FREELAND TUBE REAR
SIGHT
FOR the Shooter BY a Shooter

FREELAND SLING KEEPER
ANSCHUTZ GUNS AND ACCESSORIES
Send $1.00 Jor General Catalogue
Prices subject to change wilhout notice
J

OLYMPIC BUTT PLATE
"61" '. all a.lum. ttrABP $15.50
I "61" INTERNATIONAL
. " Bull Plate, comp'ete $47.50
24" TRIPOD EXTENSION $5.00
KLC 11/4" FINE SLING $4.45
ALUM. ROD GUIDE $6.50
STD. BARREL BAND $8.00
Write US for all your requirements
in GUNS, RELOADING, SCOPES,
SIGHTS, COATS, & FREELANO
ACCESSORIES. PAMPHLET FREE.
61A COMBINATION
MARK III BSA .22 CALIBER TARGET RIFLE
with the highest degree of accuracy, fine work
manship, and complete comfort-the "ultra" in
target weapons, less sights $245.00
1413 ANSCHUTZ RIFLE $325.00
#150 Oaisy/Feinwerkbau .177 Air Rifle $169.75
#810 HyScore .177 Oly. Int. Target Rifle $139.95
"MR. CAIRO" PALM REST ._. " 521.50
Freeland SWISS TYPE Palm Rest from" __ $21.50
Freeland SUPERIOR FRON-r SIGHT . __ .. ., ._ 516.00
Freeland TUBE REAR SIGHT $46.50

Freeland ALL ANGLE: TRIPOD HAAT $20.75
Freeland OLYMPIC BIPOD, O.B. . __ $23.75
Freeland REGAL 61 POD with "saddle" or
"JuR" for Z00nl S,'opes, m.ention which $2G.75
lVHEN ORDERING SCOPE STANDS, MENTION SCOPE
Freeland BENCHREST STAND SBRI $23.50
FREELAND FOAMPADDED GLOVE $ 5.85
FREELAND JUMBO liFSA FOREEND STOPS,
FROM (Mention Gun, -- $ 5.75
FREELAND KNEELING PAD _. . __ $ 6.00
CEDIlRWOOI") f'lEWAR r.ART. BLK. S 3.00

FREELAND INSIDE APERTURE GAUGE .$ 9.00

Junker or Knoblock SHOOTING FRAME $17.50

LEE LOADING TOOL, Not IO-Ga. $ 9.95
RIG EZE SCORING GAUGE .177, .22, .30, .32,

MORGAN RECOIL PAD, adjustable $10.00
__
ReDS UNIFLOW PDR. MEASURE, Std. or small
cyl i nder, specify -------------------- $22.50
III.
Freeland's Scope Stands, Inc.
72
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Zip _
4X for ranges $9989
to 350 yds. 6X _
for ranges to
500 yds. Com-
plete with mount rings and rail.
specified trajectory cam and bases.
MADE IN U. S. A.
State City
Send free riflescope catalog and names of dealers near me.
Name _
Address _
Fastest-aiming variable - performance far beyond the
standards of comparable scopes for only $69.50. 15-lens
optical system provides unsurpassed brightness, extremely
wide 65' field of view, large 15mm exit pupil.
REALIST RIFlESCOPES
P.O. Box 67, Dept. AR-89
Menomonee Falls, Wis. 53051
For shorter ranges-all-purpose 1Y2J4Y2X BrushScope
custom cams for most popular
bullet calibers and weights are
readily available. Figure (l) is
a representation of cam con-
figuration for use with a 30.06
cartridge of relatively high trajectory. Figure (II) illustrates
configuration for a flatter-trajectory cartridge, like a 7mm
Remington magnum.
Auto/Range Scope Specifications. Both 4X and 6X
models have 9-lens optical systems, hard-coated for maxi-
mum brightness; constant-centered reticles; exclusive "True-
Focus" eyepiece; micro elevation and windage adjustment;
construction that's fogproof, magnum shockproof. 4X model
has 31' field of view at 100 yds; 3-5" eye relief; 8.5mm exit
pupil. 6X model has 20' field of view at 100 yds; 3-5" eye
relief; 6.2mm exit pupil.
RifJescopes for every need - quality assured by Realist.
Fixed power Apache .22 models (4X and 6X) from $9.95.
Fixed power big-game models (2:6X, 4X, 6X) from $49.75.
Big-game variables (1 y>/4:6X and 3/9X) from $69.50.
All with American- made reliability. All with precision lens
systems for maximum brightness, wide field of view, wide
latitude eye relief. ALL WITH LIFETIME OWNERSHIP
INSURANCE - coverage against all hazards including total
destruction or loss. (If lost or damaged beyond repair, we
supply new scope at one-half our suggested retail price.)
Auto /Range is All Automatic. 1. Spot your target in
your Auto/Range scope. 2. Turning the knob on the range
ring moves the top stadia wire, allowing you to bracket
vital target area between the wires. This simultaneously
rotates the trajectory cam, tilting the scope to compensate
for bwllet drop. 3. Now aim with the center crosshair -
the cam has made your elevation correction. SQUEEZE OFF
YOUR SHOT WITHOUT GUESSING, WITHOUT"HOLDING
OVER". By contrast, the best you get with so-called "range-
finding" scopes is an estimate - you still have to guess
and "hold over".
The capacity for accuracy of a new Auto/Range scope
(within 1 minute of angle) far exceeds the shooting precision
of most rifles and ammunition. It makes every shooter a
better marksman at any range.
Covered by U.S. Patent No. 3,340,614, Auto/Range design
represents the biggest advance in riflescopes in over a
century. And it's backed by American craftsmanship ... the
precision and reliability that accounts for Realist leadership
among U. S. makers of surveying instruments and fine
optical products.
Customized trajectory cam designs are the key to auto-
matic compensation for bullet drop. Configuration of every
cam model is matched to specific bullet caliber, weight and
type (calculated by means of actual firing tests and bullet-
drop measurements, not by published ballistic computations).
Cams can be interchanged in seconds, so that Auto/Range
scopes may be used with a variety of cartridges. Separate
HERE'S HOW IT WORKS:
The range-compensating function is based on sighting
at a known object 18" high (shoulder-to-brisket span
of most big-game animals, total body area of many
varmints). Key to bullet-drop compensation is the
trajectory cam (A) that is attached to the rotating
range ring (B) and pivots on the special mount rail (C).
As the range ring is turned to bracket the 18" target
area, the cam also turns - tilting the scope to
effect an elevation correction.
No more "hold-over" guesstimating ... at any range up to 500 yards
New 100% American-made Realist Auto/Range Scopes
AUTOMATICALLY
COMPENSATE
FOR BULLET DROP
74
Such may not always be the case in the
tield, and the problem of range adjust-
ment then is more complicated.
It cannot be denied that the Realist
Auto/ Range scope sight is an unusually
interesting concept. And, it is a worth-
while step toward solving one of the
most troublesome problems the hunter
with a rifle must face. It suggests possi-
bilities for future scope design.
But, the scope itself lacks some me-
chanical refinements. Positive adjust-
ments for instance, would spare a lot of
trouble when sighting-in, even though
this chore is not required frequently.
And, because the Auto/ Range scope
is different in use from other scope
sights, it is not felt to be a complete
solution to the range finding-bullet drop
problem for every hunter. Range-judg-
ing ability plus knowledge of his rifle
and cartridge's down-range drop char-
acteristics have been stressed for many
years as essential parts of a sportsman's
skills. In truth, developing such knowl-
edge is for many hunters a solid part
of their enjoyment.
However, for the Realist Auto/Range
scope to be useful to him, a hunter must
be assured that it works as desired on
his own rifle. Unlike sighting-in a con-
ventional scope at moderate range, be-
tween 100 and 200 yds" and then de-
pending on knowledge and skill to make
hits on game in the field, to be sure that
he would not waste his valuable time
atield, a hunter would be wise to range-
test an Auto-Range scope at distances
to 500 yds. well in advance of his hunt.
Not every rifleman has access to a range
where such long-distance shooting is
possible, and this must be a factor in-
cluded in the decision to purchase this
scope. He must also consider whether
the game in the field will give time for
adjustment of the scope.
Manufactured by: Realist Inc., N93
W16288 Megal Dr" Menomonee Falls,
Wis. 53051.
Roth Cartridge Carrier
Offered in 2 versions for
many different cartridges
Cartridges are frequently carried
loose in pockets, but it is generally
more satisfactory to carry them in hold-
Roth cartridge carrier loaded with .38
Special cartridges.
DOPE BAG continued
for Remington Core-Lokt and WoW
Silvertip bullets was supplied.
Technical Staff tests showed the sec-
ond scope to be optically equivalent to
the tirst, as far as its user is concerned.
(A careful test for resolution, although
still better than the human eye can see
aided by the scope, gave results less than
the tirst scope by a signiticant amount.)
Value of its adjustment graduations also
is 3,4 m,o.a. In the immersion test, a
lack of effective sealing beneath the
range adjustment ring was indicated by
fast bubbling,
Testing continued with the second
scope and the ammunition for the cam
as specified by the scope manufactur-
er. Again, some difficulty was had in
making the adjustments follow changes
during sighting-in. However, with the
second scope the ranging crosswires
bracketed the 18" aiming mark at 100
yds, when at lowest setting.
Realist mentioned incidentally that
this second scope embodied improve-
ments in the reticle, They had found
that shock test separated the ranging
crosswires of some scopes, and there-
fore strengthened the system. Clearly,
this was the trouble that prolonged
shooting had brought out in the first
Auto/ Range scope tested, for the second
compensated for different ranges just
about as it is claimed to do.
At 200 meters, shots were dead on
point of aim. At 300 meters, the group
center was 2
1
,'l" high for 2 groups fired
on the same target at different times,
and which had the same center of im-
pact. At 400 meters, group center was
15/s " high. At 500 yds. 2 shooters tired
at the target, with a uniform group for
both centering about 4
1
12" high. In short,
all shots fired would have hit a game
target 18" through the brisket.
Time needed to adjust
Some time is needed to adjust the
scope so the range-tinding crosswires
touch the top and bottom of a target
even when this is done with the rifle
supported by sandbags on a steady
bench-rest. For a practical estimate of
adjustment time, the rifle was carried
by one of 2 shooters while walking to
the shooting station, Then he signaled
to start timing, A conventional shooting
position for game was assumed, kneel-
ing or sitting, the scope adjusted, and
tiring began, Timing stopped when the
tirst shot was fired. This was then done
by the second shooter. The average time
required to do this was about 29 sec-
onds. Time to adjust at bench-rest was
about the same.
A test such as this presumes that the
game remains stationary and presents a
standing broadside target or nearly so,
and that the view of it is not obstructed.
20x50
$24
97
S-A-V-E
Tremendous power hrings
objects 20 times closer
abollt THREE T I.:\IES
flower of bino{'u-
lars! Achromatic. ".ride (2"
:terass) front lens assures
greater illll111ination,
sharper imagoes, 27 oz. 7/1
llig-h. C03ted- lens. SU'eam-
lined. new, lighter frames
make these ninoculanJ
easy to hold and focus.
30 DAY FREE TRIAL
fled l'etlll't1 for refund! :-.rade
.in Japan. Sturdy case,
straps included. Add S 1.85
postage, handling. C.O.Do's
require $2 deposit.
UNITED BINOCULAR CO.
9043 S. Western, HS-3209
Chicago, Ilia 60620
Hunt small game
with your pistol
Ready for loading in
standard shells. Tight
shot patterns up to 60
feet. Ideal for small
game, snakes, varmints.
Encapsulated design
assures close pattern
'Shot Caps' have 40% more
shot than ordinary loading
methods. Effective power at
greater distance. Will not
harm barrel or rifling. H. P.
White Laboratory tests show
pressures below standards.
"NO-FUMBLE" SHELL HOLDERS
Unhreftknhle flexihle plastic fil'mly grips car-
tridg-e hase to f(Will neat packs. Handy way
to ,an"y "'gun-full" of shells in pocket, ready
jor use. Keeps "special" loads separated.
Reusable indefinitely. Two .38 Spec.!
.357 Magnum or .30'06 "family"
(specify). Price: 2 for $1.00. or
$5.00 doz. (all one size), !>Pd.
ROTH MFG. CORP.
Box 623, Redwood City, Cal i f. 94062
Easy to load
using regular
loading dies.
Standard 'Shot Caps' loaded with No.9 shot. 6's
and 71j, 's also available. Cash. check or money
order. No stamps, please. Include your Zip Code
Number to assure prompt del ivery.
U. S. Patent No. 3179051
Order Now! Postage Prepaid
Box of 50 with loading instructions
38 Special. . $4.95
.357 Magnum. 4.95
44 Magnum . 5.95
45 Colt. . . 5.95
45 A. C. P. . . 5.95
REMCO COMPANY
1404 WHITESBORO STREET
UTICA, NEW YORK 13502
REMCO 'Shot Caps'
make your pistol a shotgun
--==:::=:::=:::=:::=:::::::::::::::;
cwi
_, ,,';0 __"'_1__'"_"
'h;O .. _ _O..... .. _ ... _,
Now They're Making a
Adjust two wires to bracket your target, and a cam
automatically sets the scope lor correct range
Br 'AUl WAHL
An lnl<:niouo .dju.table
oJ,ht IMr. booen Mi"ing up. good ""'I
01 e,cil.......,l in hunling cirde& I\0OI
""""'" in " I\'IOXl(,ltaikwed 10 lbe .""'"'"
,."... .talker. Th" u..11"" .ood Aulo!
1.. I 'OP\l'A/l SCIE>iU
Rance, made br R<IIlliM, Inc., ",ill JK'OV"
b_.... 10 any bunter who'. ever ""'d"
b!Id _ .bout trojectory on long
ohot. Bullet drop-the down",ard path
101_ by " bull<:t-'- bll head.che
to hunlft1l \OJh"" they "'" 1_than _In
. ~ -
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---
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-_......_-
No-Guess Telescopic Sight
-", .. -..-
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_.
--_.. _-
_-.--
--_.. -
----
--_..
_._--
----
... _.. -. ...
--_ ..
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'M:'J DYNAMIC
BB
IftDU\TRIAl wHetl
A No-Guns Tetncopk Sight
lCO"'........ I_ """
Previou8Iy, the only ooIuHon ..... to
......." Iry to by aim
i ... hilb. uw;I hope 100" lh<t _. With ito
tnojodory-eompe....li ... CIOm. !hill de\li""
IetI riel 01 all lhe I""""work. JlO that
""'c ahoto ...n be made with the Ct<lM-
bat.. directly on lIJ.rret.
1100 onii,,"l 6X Auto/flgnp. intro-
duood lMt )'f!Ilr, rom_too for Toni'"'
up to 500 y_rdo. Th" .. fino for wsl<!rn
hunli,. w"",,, =lzftne Ionl ohol. Or<!
<:tlII\mOIl, bul it P'"OY"d to be '""'" than
!he ."""'1" hWlIer r><'O>d-. The new 4}{
to 350 y.Td3, pr<:Wideo Iong-
.....e ao::urocy ..i!l>ou( (OT
.....11. game at clooer ranle,
Ad"",t.illll !he <!<:v;e" 100" Ionl .001
Iakeo only f_........-.u Abo>-1l the
.... ""ir of adjowble wi""
that, in the 0fIen B
--. of 18 on a ta,...,l 100 yord
_y. Thi... tho a""""le OOdy thick
_ frnrn ohoolder to brisket of mool
10,..., pmo _ni"",1o. Tominl the knob
on !heoeopo'.....nge ring bring. lhe wi_
""- logethft-. To _'" lor a long
mot. you rOO>.\e the knob ontillhe wi,,,,,
""'deet lhe body 01 yo>tlr quarry,
RN<l)t iii ._. TI>e TBf\&e romp'''''''
lion Ilo done by lhe po=ioion cam at
tached to I"" .....e rinl and Tiding on
.0 e:lltft>lion at u.... mounlinl ..ii, &t-
tinl tho wire. rOO>.l... tho COm. alirnin.ll
the...,.,., 10 (01 bullet dr<:>p, No
mailer whn tho ....nge. yoo'", rezody to
......
The <ami ...,gineeno:l aoconlinl to
the ballistic """""""'"istico of your ""'.
monition. TI>ey ..,., available 100" moat
_ ......... and are _y .....y to
i_II.
BoIh the and GX modcl...II lor
about $100, romplete with m<>Uoling rail.
Additionol """'" root fi ..... dolla... The
...,.. tbal varioble p<:>WCr Wlita
will ba for ...lo! 000It.
"The AulolHange w.... Inventtl<! by a
Anny captain, Jim Leather
...,.,.,.. 10 im""""" h.. own ahootinl,
is.n _pliohed tin""",, as _11 ... an
hW1\.er. and his OOlolion to
the ,"'jectoty problem ill .. simple aa it
is I"l'<'t.ioal. Any hunter who'. ever
mutred a Jonc obot by g.-iog """"g
will thank him. IIjJ
INVENTORS
'AI"" llAACHU ..........n"'_
._....- ''''<';0 - ---
5ORC"E'SPffiOR
... _-,-_.. __......
...T_ .. ..__, ..
..__.._..._.. .. 1 , '_.,_.
u-o ............... _
........... _------
-_._---....", , --.
-.,-.. _-..,,-,..
BROOKSTONIE
tOOl I oauoa<
CONFIDENTIAL
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
OFFICE OF THE ADJUTANT GENERAL
WASHINGTON. D.C 20310
IN RrPLY R(Et TO
AGAM-P (M) (26 Jun 69) FOR OT UT 691328
1 July 1969
SUBJECT: Operational Report - Lessons Learned, Headquarters,
101st
Airborne Division, Period Ending 31 January 1969 (U)
SEE DISTRIBUTION
I. Subject report is forwArded for revitw aP4d evaluation in accordance
with paragraph 5b, AR 525-15. EvaluatiRn'9,
.corrective actions should
be reported to ACSFOR OT UT, Operational Reports Branch, within 90 days
of receipt of covering letter.
2. Information contained in this report is provided to insure appropriate
benefits in the future from lessons learned during current operations and
may be adapted for use in developing training material.
BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:
1 Incl
KENNETH G. WICKhAM
as
Major General, USA
The Adjutant General
DISTRI BL'TICN:
Conmanding Generals
US Continental Army Command
US Army Combat Developments Command
Comna ndants
US Army War College
US Army Command and General Staff College
US Army Adjutant General School
US Army Air Defense School
A
US Army Armor School
US Army Aviation
School
US Army Chaplain School
US Army Chemical School
US Army Civil Affairs School
US Army Combat Surveillance School
US Army Engineer Sc,,ool
US Army Field Artillery School Regraded unclassified when separated
US Army Infantry School from classified inclcsure.
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
DISTRIBUTION (Cont'd) 4
US Army IntelI igence School
US Army Medical Field Service School
US Army Ordnance School
US Army Quartermaster School
US Army Signal School
US Army Special Warfare School
US Army Transportation School
US Army CBR Weapons Orientation Course
Copies furnished:
Office, Chief of Staff, US Army
Deputy Chiefs of Staff
Chief of Research and Development
Assistant Chiefs of Staff
Chief of Engineers
The Sucgeon General
The Provost Marshal General
CINC, US Strike Command
Commanding Generals
US Army Materiel Command
US Army STRATCOM
US Army Weapons Command
101st Airborne Division
Commander, US Army Forces Southern Command
Joint Action Control Office
Director, Weapons Systems Evaluation Group
Defense Documentation Center
Security Officer, Hudson Institute
Commanding Officers
US Army Limited War Laboratory
US Army Logistics, Doctrine Systems & Readiness Agency
2
CONFIDENTIAL
I
CONFIDENTIAL
DEFARTMNr OF THE ARMlY
Headquarters 101st ,irbornc Division
0I P San Francisco 96383
AVDG-GC
24 February 1069
SUBJECT: Operational Report - Lossons Ler.rned, 101st Airborne Divi-
sion for Period Ending 31 January 1969, RCS CSFOR-65 (RI)
SEE DISTRIBUTION
The inclosed Operational Report - Lessons Learned is rorwarded in
compliance with XXIV Corps Rogulation 525-2 fnd USArV Rngulrtion
525-15.
FOR THE CCVA.1'NDER
1 Inci
L . ". C-2.Y
as
Colonel, qs
Chifcf of Staff
DISTRIBUTICN:
2 - CIiNCUSARP-C (.'T.:H: PCYT-DT, :-O 96558)
3 - CG, USRV (.7.i: iVHGC-DFT, PO 96375)
4 - 0G, XXIV Corps (.T :'. " .VII-CCT, AO 96308)
3 - CC, 101st A.irbornu Division
1 - C0. 1st Bdo, 101st !.irbornc Division
I - CO, 2d Fdo, 101st Airborne Division
1 - CO, 3d BdCo, 101st .irborno Division
I - Co, 160th A;vn Gp, 101st i'irbornc Division
1 - CC, 101st Airborne Division Div ;rty
I - hCofS, GI, 101st Airborne Division
1 - LCofS, 02, 101st Airborne Division
10 - ACofS, G3, 101st Airborne Division
I - ,CofS, G4, 101st AirbornQ Divisi-n
1 - ACofS, G5, 101st Airborne Division
Regraded unclassified when separated
from classified inclosure.
II
IoR oT u T
CONFIDENTIAL
0
~~A
i m i m i i mm
CONFIDENTIAL
/
AVDQ-GC
StECTt Operatioml Report - Lessons Loarned, 101st Airborne Divi-
sion for Period Ending 31 January 1969, RCS CSFOR-65 (Ri)
RAO NAI River into areas near FB VEGHEL (D 552030). The operation
included reconnaissanco in force operations and rapid combat assaults
by combined US/ARVN Forces in order to locate and destroy enesv
personnel and materiels and the interdiction of Highway 547A*
i, Operation Ohio Rapids began on 24 January 1969 and continues
at the end of the reporting period. The 2d Battalion) 506th Infantry
and elements of the lIt ARVN Regiment, .n addition to supporting
artillery, combined to strike deep into the suspected base areas of
the 6th NVA Regiment to engage and destroy their security forces
and matoriel. At the end of the rcorting period Allied Forces had
destroy'd the Corsnd Post of the 6th NVA Regiment, killed 22.
eneW personnel and captured 37 individual weapons and 7 crev-
served weapons.
je Night operations throughout the coastal lowlands included
ambushes and night patrols. Ambushes were especially successful
in the eastern portion of PHU WO District and hamp'ered svereOT
the enemyl s attempts to gather food from the heavily populated
coastal plains. Expecially noteorthy were ambushes during which
US troops, after inltinting the action, pursued and hunted down
the fleeing enomy in the darknose.
k. The 2d Battalion, 327th Infantry initiated successful
sniper-scout operations on 2 January 1969 after an extensive
sniper training p--oram. he snipers have accounted for 7
enoan ki2.lrd at :r ngos in excess of 300 motors. A security
squ,-d is employed with the sniper teams. The squad patrols in
areas away f-:om the snipers' location as a deceptive measure.
1. The 3d rig-ado completed the rove to Camp Evans. The
ymvc, stirbod i4th the deployment of the 3d Battalions 187th Infantry
on 30 Octobor. Tho brigade P became operational at Evans at
022200H NTovember lIi',[, and at the same time the brigade assumed
operatlorl control of the 3d Squadron (-), 5th Cavalry. T7he
lst Battalion, 506'th Infantry closed in the new area of oeration
on 6 November, followed by the 2d Battalion, 506th Infantry on
7 November. Because much of the brigade area of operation, had been
heavily booby trapped, ro.ne plow operations' were initiated to
eliminate this hazard which is oosatly to us, but relativolr
cheap for the eifem. In addition to the operations desoribed above
the brigade conducted extensive reoonnaissance in force opierations
throughout November and December along likely infltraio
routes.
5
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20310
IN RErPLY RFIFErR TO
AGDA (M) (15 Aug 69) FOR OT UT 692303 10 September 1969
SUBJECT: Operational Report - Lessons Learned, Headquarters,. II Field
S~~~~Force Vietnam, Period Ending 30 April 1969 (U) .,,..'.'",
S SEE DISTRIBUTION
in day
Si Y ug3,'i. r. '; ., -
I. Subject report is forwarded for review and evaluation :n accord-.nce
w.ch paragraph 5b, AR 525-15. Evaluations and corrective actions should
2. Information contained in this report is provided to insure appropr'ate
L. Incl
ROBERT E.. LC W
as
Colonel,
Acting The Adjutant General
DISrRIBUTION:
Commanding Generals
.fj t3 C
Commandants
t.- -
US Army War College
J{L.
US Army Command and General Staff College " SEP i"
I .ij 'A
I
US Army Aviation School
'I ~.
US Army
Chaplain
School
US Army Engineer School
US Army Field Artillery School'
US Army Infantry School Regraded unclassified when separated
US Army Intelligence School from classified inclosure.
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
D)L5ISTRI BUTI'LON (Conted)
US Army Medical Field Service Sc!,,,,ol
LIS Army Military Police School
LIS Army Missile and Munitions School
US Atmy rdnacu:e it ily
US Army Quarteriiuster School
US Army Security Agency School
LIS Army Signal School
LIS Army Southeastern Signal School
LIS Army Transportation School
Copies furnished:
Chief of Engineers
Director of Defense Research and Engineering
Commander In Chief, US Strike Command
Commanding Generals
US Army STRATCOM
II Field Force Vietnam
Chief of Staff, USAF
Deputy Chief of Staff, Air Force, Plans & Operations
Chief of Naval Operations
Commandant of the Marine Corps
National Aeronautics & Space Administration
Senior Army Representative, Marine Corps Development & Education Command
Project Manager, Naval Inshore Warfare Project Office
USAF Air Ground Operations Schocl
,Joint Action Control Officc
Research Analysis Corporation
Documents Control Officer, Bell Aero Systems Co.
Commanding Officers
US Army Logistics, Doe'trine Syst~ems & Readiness Agency
US Army Aviation Test Activity
US Army Mobility Equipment Research & Development Center
CONFIDENTIAL
2
1.COIVETIA L
AVF-IJCt-ll
SUWECT: Uperatiunal Report of Headquarters, II Field Force Vietnam for
Period Ernding 30 April 1969, RCS CSFOR - (RI) (W-DIIO-TO-A) (U)
use. This hideout is built near a stream or crater of water. Normally
this hideout has no cover; its mouth is covered by weods or grass, with
some mouths completely under the water'level.
SDuring
all searches, attention must be paid to hedges, village
corners, and edges of trails or ditches. The enemy usually constructs
his hideou' at those places. From there, the enemy can observe friendly
troops, while remaining unobserved, himself. Women, who may assist the
-enemy by camouflaging the mouths of hideouts; rubbish heaps; small trails
with traces; newly cooked food; and newly discharged excrement are in-
dications of the possible enemy hideouts in the area.
(c) RECOr-|.Ni)ATI4N.
"" That personnel be informed of these type hideouts as utilized
by the Viet Cong.
2 That personnel be alerted as to the specific indications of these
(7) Critical Bridre Security.
(a) OBSERVATION. III Corps bridges continue to be targets for enemy
attacks.
(b) khVALUATIUN. The enenV continues his efforts to interdict lines
-)f com-aunication by attempting to destroy critical bridges in III Corps.
Two such bridges are the Gant. and Rach Cat Bridges in Bien Hoa Province.,
As a result of I1oi Chanh information on 25 April 1969, the 363rd 11F
Company, assigned as the security element on the two bridges, made con-
tact with an estimated VC platoon on Hiep Hoa Island. The results of the
action were 12 VC KIA, eight VC captured, and three VC suspects detained.
In addition to a number of weapons and radios captured, the PF seized 450
pounds of TsiT, 50 feet of time fuse, six demolition floats, and four
snorkels. The VC platoon was preparing to destroy the bridges mefitioned
above.
(C) RECOti4DATIONlS. Continued emphasis be placed on the impor-
tance of securing the critical bridges in III Corps.
Training. Sniper Propram.
(a) O3MRVATION. A, sniper program can be instituted and developed
into a valuable amet. The program has demonstrated that imaginative
use of available Army assets can materially improve the combat posture
of the command.
(b) EVALUhTION.
I Placing snipers with ambush patrols has been the most successful
method of employment, with two techniqiles boing used extensively. In the
first technique, the sniper team accompanies a platoon on an ambush/
56
CONIDEMPAL
AVFSC-Rk-H
bUWLCTr Uperatiunal Report of Headquarters, II Field Force Vietnam for
Period knding 30 April 1969, RCS CSFOR - (RI) (W-DIIO-TO-A) (U)
sniper position. In the second, the team, with a security element of
five to eight men, establishes an ambush/sniper position.
a When employed with a platoon ambush, the sniper team remains close
to the platoon command post. In this technique, snipers are used to enfgape
'any lone ene %y in the areaandany enerV yir- probe the ambush site, so as
not to reveal the presence of the ambush, itself. Durina the ambush,
the Snipers engare the enem~y leaders and radio operators while the platoon
fires into the general kill zone. Snipers are also utilized to fire
"tracers to mark the flanks of an enemy force which has ap4.roached the
position in an area other than the specified kill zone.
_b In the second technique, the sniper team and security elemernt are
placed in a carefully selected sniper/ambush position. The general area
is selected by the battalion convnander who considers enemy activity and
the advice of the sniier team. The exact location, which is. occupied
just prior to dark, is selected to provide maximum range of firu and i
located within a reasonable distance of a friendly unit. The snipers
maintain continuous surveillance of the area, minimizing fatigue a nipht
by alternating the use of the starlight scope throughout the night. The
security element is equipped with 11,6's, ah 1179, and an AN/PRC-25 radio.
The T79 is especially useful in forcing partially hidden enerv troops to
move and expose themselves to sniper fire.
2 .Snipers, having a long range capability, are extremely effective
in engaging Viet Cong who follow a Unit as it moves from one location
to another.. A sniper team with a security element is selected to pro-
vide long range observation of the route over which the unit has travelled.
Snipers, with their telescopic sights, are able to enga,-e Viet Cong at
ranges out to 900 meters. At extrem, ranges, the Viet Cong frequently
are not cautious about their cover and concealment and, thus, present
excellent targets for the sniper team.
2uy using a pink filter in a. xenon searchlight, an area can be
illuminated with invisible light that registers in the starlight scope.
This technique has been used successfully in two types of sniper activity:
berm security and ambush operations.
a A sniper team with starlight scopes has been utilized with a
searchlight-equipred 4 ton vehicle. The vehicle is placed approximately
12 t.n .150;o rvter. frnm a road int~nrsection, thereby not alerting the
ee,' In tUe kill zone by the noise of a running .ngine, tand the snipers
&re -eceid alproximately 300 meters from the intersection. The snipers
ccrntr'l the covert illumination through radio contact. When Viet Cong
aipx.ar in the kill zone, they are easily engar~ed by the sniper team.
.jb The pink light/sniper combination has been successfully employed
r. : cr.,ap security operations. The searchlight, mounted on al. ton
S..!...-i., responds to radio equipped sniper tea-s in position either on
a ber-a or in ambush positions outside the berm, In forward base camps,
the se: rchlight remains in the center of the camp and covertly illumi-
natea- .ve-ues of approach into the position. It is essential that the
57
CO~Y ,l4' 1,N ILP
-- __ - ______ -.-- --...-----. ,-.e-.---
CO01IDUTIA L
AVFBC-RE-H
SUbJEC: Operational Report of Headquarters, II Field Force Vietnam for
Period Ending 30 April 1969, KCS CSFOR - (RI) (W-DHO-TO-A) (U)
sniper teams maintain radio contact with the searchlight crew.
SSniper teams are effective in countering Viet Cong sniper activity.
Each team, equipped with its teleacopic sight and 149 Spotting Scope,
!searchesthe area of suspected sniper act'iity. The optical equipment
permits a detailed search of distant areas.
SNight Hunter ojerations have made extensive use of snipers to
mark targets. A sniper team is placed in the lead helicopter and ob-
serves the ground with starlight scopes mounted on rifles. When the
enemy is sighted, the snipers engage with tracers. The gunships,
following at a higher altitude, then engage the target.
(c) RECU 4hDjMTION. That commanders consider the establishment of
a sniper school and the training and employment of sniper teams.
j..,Intellip-ence. Bomb Danage Assessment.
(1) O&XRViMTIusl. The best rothod of determining the damage inflicted
by a B-52 strike is ground follow-up by troops.
(2) EVMLUMTION. Because the are-a covered by aB-52 strike is quite
large and the enemy thoroughly polices it inmediately following a strike,
low level visual reconnaissance by air observers and the use of small
reconnaissance teams has not always provided the desired damage assetsment.
Although there are occasions-when ground follow-up by troops may not be
possible, generally if a target is of sufficient value to warrant a B-52
strike, it should be of sufficient interest to plan a ground follow-up.
Also, additional intelligence gained from a g(od damage assessment will
assist in future target planning.
(3) HECOi*-MiUD.TIUN. That troops be inserted tc ,erform a follow-up
of all 1-52 strikes for bomb damage assessment.
1 ~e,; Loridstics.
(i) Livestock Production.
(a) OBSERVATION. The livestock production program is largely de-
pendent on imported corn (Food for Pcacc) for support. Also, the quality
of hogs in Vietnam is degenerating and inefficient meat producers are
the result.
(b) T Feed grains are being irported at high cost to
supjl-ort the ;reserut livestock programs. There is a lack of rood sires
(boars).
(c) RMCOl.DINDATBIN. There is a need to augment imported grain with
local corn and sorghum. Also, gocd sires should be imported to upgrade
the quality of hogs produced in III CTZ.
58
"' io'.
Adjustable Ranging Telescope
on the long-range M14 sniping
rifle is a modified Redfield
Accu-Range in a special mount.
Army Lab
Adds ART
To Sniping
New scope fits the
need for long-range
firing in Vietnam
By FRANKLIN OWENS
At 300 meters the marks on the horizontal crosshair of the ART reticle (in
circle at left) subtend 60'" and the marks on the vertical crosshair subtend 30'".
T
HE Army has a new sniping tele-
scope, the Adjustable Ranging
Telescope (AR1). Developed by the
U. S. Army Limited War Laboratory,
it meets a requirement for accurate
long-range sniping equipment which
has arisen in our fighting in Vietnam.
The Limited \Var laboratory was es-
tablished in 1962 to circumvent the
long delay between recognition of a re-
quirement for new materiel and final
delivery of the hardware to the soldier
in the field. To accomplish this, it has
assembled an array of technical, engi-
neering. and scientific talent who have
been given license to "think for them-
selves".
Late in 1965 the Laboratory was
asked to investigate a new sighting
principle invented by Capt. Jim Leather-
wood. when he was a lieutenant sta-
tioned at Ft. Benning, Ga. As the
result, a project was initiated to de-
velop a sniper sighting system based on
Leatherwood's principle. This culmi-
nated in delivery of a number of these
systems to Vietnam for evaluation_
The Ranging Telescope is
designed around the match-conditioned
7.62 mm. MI4 Rifle and the MilS
Match carlridge, for long.range sniping.
The ART combines the range-finding
capability inherent in the Redfield 3X
to 9X variable power "Accu-Range"
telescope, and an exterior cam. physi-
cally attached to the power adjusting
ring, which puts on the telescope the
MAY 1969
correct angle of elevation for the M118
cartridge for any range from 300 to
900 meters. The Redfield telescope was
modified by removing its interior range
indicator and changing the reticle to
the configuration shown. The vertical
spacing of the stadia (ranging) lines
remains the same as'in the Accu-Range.
as this separation, when projected to
300 meters with the scope at 3-power,
gives a height of about 30". This is
considered optimum for ranging pur-
poses. The double space between the
stadia lines on the horizontal crosshair
can be used for estimating the hold-
off for wind (a Io-knot cross wind at
600 meters deflects the MJ IS projectile
about 20"),
The ART is zeroed at 300 meters
with the power set at 3X, since the
low point on the cam introduces the
proper angle of elevation for 300
meters. Firing at any range out to 300
meters is done with the scope on 3X,
keeping in mind that maximum ordi-
nate of the M118 is about 7" to 8"
for a 300-meter zero. Beyond 300
meters, a 30" segment of the target is
subtended between the reticle lines by
adjusting the telescope power, which
automatically sets correct elevation on
the scope. A 30" target may be from
the enemy's belt to the top of his head.
As a matter of interest, the infor-
mation on the angles of departure for
the MliS ammunition was found in
THE AMERICAN RJFLEMAN ('The M14
National Match Rifle", May 1966, pages
46-49), as tabulated by Frankford
Arsenal. These data were substantially
correct out to 700 meters but the 800
aDd 900 meter elevations Iistcd were
low. These figures were corrected by
firing tests.
The ART mounts and ballistic cants
for overseas evaluation were fabricated
in the LWL Technical Suppon ma-
chine shop. and the M 14 rifles were re-
built to Match condition by the U. S.
Army Marksmanship Training Unit
(USAMTU) at Ft. Benning. Reports
back from Vietnam indicated good re-
sults from the system with the average
rifleman. A number of first round hits
were recorded at ranges out to 600
meters, with at least 2 first round hits
at 300 and 400 meters at night under
illumination. Several marksmen of the
USAMTU at Ft. Benning recorded 10"
groups at 900 meters after ranging on
a standard "E" silhouette target.
Given the Adjustable Ranging Tele-
scope system and rifle, as presented.
with a long-range competition-level
rifleman to use it. the field commander
has another superior weapon in his
arsenal. This might even be considered
as an improvement in the an of
sniping.
(The Leatherwood A uto/ Range scope
sight, manu!act/lred 011 this principle by
Realist Inc. for commercial sale. was
described in THE AMERJCAN RIFLEMAN,
Sept. 1968, pages 67-74.-Eo,)
47
DEPAWFM PIT OF THR ARMY
OF TM ADJUTANT 41001AL
AS~t~4'WASHINGTON, D.C. 85140
P% A(GA 00 0So, 69) in 1"9.~
SUlJICI
Lea1odl ason , e6d, Ileadqurters, 9th~
00
?nil fC tmnsIn 1nof rninti oil flfotfet'17 thof ithef~~
32 DISTRIBUTIONI E.aplonags L-j, Tltiu
ui ( 1. n
'794. Ito trvallsiJ 101 lorUQ rI * L.t L;LLio l f LtU ""fOten"
iu any mannur to Lw uiiuuti1luriOu6 Po turaQ isi prohibited4
is ubject report is forwarded for review and evaluation in accordance
with Prgah5,A 2-5 Vlain n orcieatossol
* ~be reported to ACSFOR OT UT, Operational Bso~t ranch, within 90 days
Of receipt of covering letter.
nefits in the future from lessons learned during current operations and
y be adapted for use in developing training material,
ORDWO v T UB I mSTXYOr. THE ANYt (30
k ~ ~Incl
DZS~uI3TIC~4: tlis The Ai uteutoGenral
Comsinding Generalse/'jF ['~ ) (3yj~
US Continental Army Coinnd-.' d 'I I
Comandants
US Army War College
US Army Commennd and General Staff College
Us Army Adjutant General School .* *.
US Army Chaplain School L i(
US Arm Civil Affairs School
US Army Combat surveillance School
US Army Field Artillery School
US Army Infantry School Regraded unclassified when separated
US Army Intelligence School from classified Inclosure.1
CONFIDENTIAL
MeialFel ONFiUL.N iAL
DISTRIBUTIOtN (Conttd)
US Army Medical Field Service Scho4l
US Army military Police School
US Army Missile and Munitions School
[ US Amy Quasrtervasawer SuI~ltu
US Army Security Agency School
"US Army Signal School
US Army Southeastern Signal School
US Army CMB Weapons Orientation Course
Copies furnished:
Chief of Engineers
The Surgeon General
OSD(SA) Assistant for Southeast Asia Forces
Director of Defense Research and Engineering
Office, Joint Chiefs of Staff
Comanding Generals I
US Army Materiel Comand
US Army STRATCOM
9th Infantry Division
National Aeronautics & Space Administration
USAP Air Ground Operations School
The Air University Library
Commanding Officers
.JS Army Electronic Warfare School
ii~ '
JiS:l'l : : I,
2
7 1'CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL-
EuIDWJAIMra 9M! UN)! R DIVISIMN
SO 3i ftanaisoo 96370lNq19
3MJWT 020dicwdRepot at9th IUfantxy Idisieia for ai Zin
30 Aril1969WSOs"M-65 (RI) (U)
CONNNIUA Osieral, 11 Yield Force Vietnam, ATM. AWC-RE-H, APO 96266
Commanding Ganwera GaUited 3*466e AvW Vietnam~, TNS AVHGO(1X3) q AP 96375
Commanding Generalp Unaited States Army Pacific, gTNs GP(P-I1D APO 96556
1,(0) SWUMio I. QOME-aI&OnS Sljnfioant Aotivitieg
~.(0) Intr~duotions
(1) During this report tn period I Pebruary - 30 Aprilp the 9th Infantry
Division continued. operations in support of mnissions and tasks either speoi-
fied or implied by the following Plean and Opinratiorial Instractionst
(a) JGS/MA0V Combined Campaign Plan 19699 AD 1449, dated 30 Sept.eabr 1968.
(b) 1I "MOWE/Ifl Corps.Combiw~a CoApaign Plan. 1969, dated 1 December 1968.,
IT C!Z Dry Weather Csw~aign Plean dated 13 November 1968.
(2) he mission of the 9th Infantry Division Is to oonduct sustaina4d, g0-
ordinated combined air and ground operations to destroy Viet Ocang (VO) aMd North
Vietnamese (uvi) main and looal force univs and their installations and infra-
strucoture in the TAOXI in close ocooperation and coordination with Task Force 117y
execute groun~d and riverins operations to. interdict aneWr land and water liness
of communicat ion and deny themuse of their base areas and to destroy tw~eted
main and local force unitsj oceiduot consolidation and pacificationi operations to
identify and destroy VC guerrilla. units and infrastructure and secure populatiov
oenters and lines of communication in alose* coordination and cooperation with
Govermnmut of Vietnam (GVN) 7oroesj conduct oupporting operations to further the
GIN pacification program by enhancing the capability of the Army of the Republic
of Vietnam (ARMi), Popular Forces (PP) and Regional Poroes (RP)j and to oontrib-
ate to the health and welf an of the oivilian population. The -9th Inf antry Di-
vision has suceoesfually aocomplished this misisioni by conducting operations in
Gia Dinhp Long Anp Go Cong, Dinh Tuong,. Kien Tuong, lien Hoap Vinh Dinh#, and
Zien Phuong Provinses
(3) The 9th Inf~~ Division was involved in combat during every day (89
.days) of this reporting j.riod whiile conducting four major operations Ahioh ooy&-
PoR or v7
DOWNGBXMA ~LD3 NuTEUvAIB
to 9 as aDECLA9SWIFED AFTER 12 YRS
Inclosure CON FIDENFI A DOD DIR 5200-10
AV~-U CONFI DENTIAL
Ij=, Operational Re~ort of the 3"'~ `% ant"ry Dijigion for Period %hdinig
in a avut~matia 'awls in order +o iaorease thseoffeotivqnsus of their units, re-
tresher training In new'tact iou wa teohniqne~enables the ooo'-,andar to better
Prspare his troop for oombat* Letsons loorned and other tmntical inf~irmation
sre :in ort. - i-~qa .anhi 4Wnranr t-" ferive, mmi~cimo benefit from
weperience nftinod by other unit- i-i the field.
"(W The th Dkf*nry Divisi3n M~ar Sdihool continixed its program of in-
traqUtWO at flosI Twa during thu reflpxtine period. A tot al of five classes
"was condixoted and slcgJxth class boggn 27 ,,prtl 1969, The oe.ztanding results
obtained by the 9th W~mtwy Division anipershbave generated interesV!''Ia the
sniper program tbcoughout MARVi. Asa result, the sdchol has conductied
training for snip4iv and Oadre personnel from six USd Divisions and one separate
Brigades Those cadre will form tba nucleus for "n~er traininkg schools in th:oee
units, Training conducted by the Sniper School h4~ also included instruction
given to ANNI personnel in the. one of tho starlight scope. SeverAl more olasses
of this tne we scheduled for the month of Wq 1969. DMIrig 1Jme 19696 the
cadke of the school will rotate back to ONUJS and will be replaced b~y another
to"~ tric the = NMiksmmnnhip Training Ut Thes.~Vae replacement personnel will
mctinua with the present prvram of instruction, to imobd. tra~nig f or units
outside 'the 9th lhfmtry Division Wkich are establishing .~js 6.
g.(0) L~aLULj. ajLgistical. plaannig, gaidance, and oupport was pro-
vided for all oeiwi auid wd ttaohed units andl units under the operationtal control
of the 9th Xfsa.',74**ion during the reporting period. The major taotIoAl4
wnilts jupported were two .layid *aee4 brigades and one riverine brigade ormanic to
9th InfunU7~ Divisionp!~~I~g n
(Do Gong, Dinh ~~~~~~Tuaong, "kien Icas, nnwd 'Kion Tqointrvrods esbl"ys~i~
were conducted for suipiJrt of bri#!ade-ei.ea.opera~tions in Cbau Doe, lien Phong
end [ien Tuoag Provinces.
(a) During the reporting period there was slight improvshent in services
and the flow of supplies, Toward the anid of the reporting period some items
of majorl equipment previously frozen o~tered the. lSART .uppl.2 pipeline and
'Were rel.eased to US units, Tioviver, At does not Vp~ear likely that this gradual
release of equipment will nllev.Late substautirlly the shortages of major items
.which continue to exist. Shortkges are still critioai~n the hier
and OCUOIE categories of equIpmeat.
(b) There has been no Imrprov,~ent in the Availobility of eleotiloal supplies
such an power cords, light firurei, wall pliagu, and other out~pti'u which are essenr,
tial to the *operation of fire support bases.
(a) The 6th Battalion, 77th Arbil lery,' was d~.ignated an the first
USARV unit to participate iAn the HaPUibliO of vietmam Armed Forces
28
CcP -1 DF~TR
CONFIDENTIAL
WASHINGTON. D.C. ZU310
IN NUPLY RIEFEIq 11.
AGtDA (M) (10 Dec o9) FOR OT UT 09B050 19 lDcemiber 1909
""K SL;B.EC ': Senior Ott icer D)eb riefing Report: MG D)oinn R. Puepke, C(G, 4tih
linfantrv D)ivisioni, Period 30 Nov 608 to 14 Nov 69 (11)
O SEIE DISTRIBUTION
tL. 1. Reference: AR 1- 26, sUbject, Scu'ior Of ficer Debriefing Program (U) ,( U
dated 4 November 106b. 't
4
-"
2. Transmitted herewith is the report of MG Donn R. Pepke, subject as
above.
3. This report is provided to insure appropriate benefits are realized
from the experiences of the author. The report should be reviewed in
accordance with paragraphs 3 and 5, AR 1-26; however, it should not be
interpreted as the official view of the Department of the Army, or of
any agency of the Department of the Army.
4. Information of actions initiated under provisions of AR 1-26, as a
result of subject report, should be provided ACSFOR OT UT within 90 days
KENNETH G. WICKHAM
1 aIs Major General, USA
as The Adjutant General
DISTRIBUTION:
Commanding Generals
Commandants i' 2 1 T [
IUS Army War College
US Army Command and General Staff College U
L"--
US Army Aviation School F)
US Army Electronic Warfare School Regraded unclassified when separated
CONFIDENTIAL.
DOOGWD AT 3 IMKA INJfVAWIa
D D VIE 0200.10.
CONFIDENTIAL
DISTrRiBUTION (Cont'd)
US Army Field Artillery School
US Army Infantry School
US Army Intelligence School
US Army Medical Field Service School
US Army Missile and Munitions School
Copies furnished:
Office, Chief of Staff, US ArmyI
Chief of Engineers
Chief of Military History4
Director, Defense Research & Engineering
Commanders In Chief
Pacific
US Army, Pacific
US Strike Command
Commanding Generals
US Army STRATCOM
US Army Electronics Command
III Corps
Chief of 0Staff, USAF
Deputy Chiefs of Stafi, Air Force, Plans & Operations
Commandants
Armed Forces Staff College
Defense Intelligence School
Industrial College of the Armed Forces
The National War College
USAF Air Ground Operations 'School
Coimmanding Officers
2
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
DEPARTMENT OF 1HU2 AIRIY
HILA1h.,UAFl LRb tONI1LD b!Al Lt, ARMY VII INAM
APOU tAN If AN'I- (U Y b
AVHGC-DST
SUBJECTi Senior Officer Dobriofing Report - MG Donn R. Pepke
Assistant Ghlof of Staff for Force Development
Department of the Armay
Washington, D.C. 20310
1. Attached are three copies of the Seilor Officer Debriefing Report
prepared by MG Dontn R. Pepke, Commanding General of the 4th Infantry Division
for the period 30 Novembor 1968 through 14 November 1969.
2. MG Pepke is recommended as a candidate guest speaker at appropriate
service schools and joint colleges.
FOR THE COMMANDER:
1 Incl
as (trip) lii,
2 cy wd HQ, DA Ass,L AJjuhin
1
1 GeneraI
i
CONFIDENTIAL
i
CONFIDENTIAL
f1
SENIOR OFFICER DEBRIEFING PROGRAM
(MG Donn R. Pepke, 4th Infantry Division)
(RCS - CSFCR - 74) (U)
COUNTRY'. Republic of Vietnam
DEBRIEF REPORT BY: Major General Donn R. Pepke
DUTY ASSIGNED: Commanding General, 4th Infantry Division
INCLUSIVE DATES: 30 November 1968 - 14 November 1969
DATE OF REPORT: 10 November 1969
DOWNGRADED AT 3 YEAR INTERVALS
DECLASSIFIED AFTER 12 YEARS
DOD DIR 5200o10
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
There have been difficulties in several areas: battery life is short and it
is subject to dampness. Teating began on 8 July 1969, and will continue
until 15 November 1969.
b. Training.
(1) Although the 4th Infantry Division has been engaged in combat for
the past thr#e years, it became quickly apparent that there was a need for a
continuing training program. The 4th Training Detachment was organized from
the Division's assets to meet the training requivrmonts. Training prograMu
Vecrt, instituted to teach special skills required fox operations in the Cen-
tral Highlands .
(2) Replacement training is designed to bridge the gap between CONUS
training and the requirements of 'he 4th Infantry Division in VIETNAM. Two
cycles are completed each week. Division replacements average in excess of
2,OO0 each month. The emphasis in training is on map reading, patrolling,
uirksmanship, artillery adjustment, enemy tactics and lessons learned. The
course is not designed to give the replacement specific training such as
received in basic training but to reinforce his previous training and ease
his transition into a combat environment. Field grade officers review the
program of instruction, and select subjects in which they desire refresher
training.
(3) The Noncommissioned Officer Combat Leadership course is designed to
prepare selected enlisted men for leadership positions in combat at the fire
team, squad and platoon level. The course is not an NCO Academy as such but
is designed to meet the leadership requirements for combat units. Each
cycle is two weeks in duration and has an average input of 30 students.
Emphasis is placed upon leadership and tactics.
(4) The Pre-Recondo course is designed to prepare personnel as Rangers
and secondly for the MACV Recondo School. Most students are trained to
become Rangers with the Long Range Patrol Company; however, it is not
limited to these personnel only. All units within the Divisic% have a
patrollUng responsibility, and the skills taught in the course are readily
used by all combat personnel. In addition, a special course was design,-,d
for base camp personnel to teach the skills necessary to conduct patrols in
the TAOR. Eaphasis is placed vupon map reading, patrolling, artillery
adjustment, _.u physical training.
(5) In order to enhance sniper operations in the Division, a two week
uourse was designed to train marksmen from each maneuver unit. Each student
is armed with an accurized '1-A4 rifle with a sniper scope mounted. This
weapon is ret.ained by the individual when he completes the course and
returns to his unit.
40
CONFIDENTIAL
(~ 8~~'\
CONFIDENTIAL
I~~
~ DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
OPFICE OF TH9 ADJUTANT GENERAL
AGDA (M4) (12 Mar 70) FO~1 ~ .
-4&La-c4.7
SUBJECT: Operational Report7- essons Learned, Headquarters) i.,oiblt
Airborne Division
9-(7T
c !. 2. rtbo 1ttional
SEE DISTRIBUTION
Dsteni' of t)
@C
a
by lar.0
1. Subject report is forwarded for review and evaluation in accordance
0" with paragraph 4b, AR 525-15. Evaluations and corrective actions should
?-I be reported to ACSFOR OT UT, Operational Reports Branch, within 90 days
tei ' of receipt of covering letter.
befief its in the future from lessons learned during current operations and
--
BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THEAR Y ~
L -
CD d'; I -, ,*
.
s Aryoomalonel$mnt
Cmmn
CommandantSeerl
US ArCo nd n eeal Staff College
US Army Armort Scheol nsComn
US Army Aation Coolan
US Army WCicleg
School97
US Army Combaa d Surelne
Schof ollg
US Army Enginr School
US Army FvieartiSclr
Scolfo
casfid nisu
US Army Cnfantry School
US Army Institute for Military Assistance
____
L DOWGRADWAT Z "A IliTERVALS5;
CONFIDENTIAL
MOLACS IF IF ! ZTER 12 YE.ARS
DOD DIE 5;oo0.1o
HEADQUARTERS 101ST AIRBORNE DIVISION (AIRMOBILE)
Office of the Chief of Staff
APO Saii 7'rncisco 90)33
WkDG-CS19'oehr 9
~JTCT:Operationail rleiolL - Lessons Learn~ed, 1~lst
31 -):tober 19(791, RCS C.St- )
t
(72) ('J)
SM DI STflIDUTION
The inclosedI rperational Report -Lessons Learne&1 in for--
.A~rd3e' in compliance with USARV 7n.julation 525-15 and XXTV
Corps Regulation 525-2.
7011 THE COMP.NDM:
U&TY ANCDONAT.LD
Colonel, GS,
Chie ! of Staff
1ISTP IfUTIM':
2- CINTCJSAIRPAC, AT"?Nl: GPOD-'IT, A~PI 96553
3 - CG, TSARV, ?tT.N kVflAGC-D)-T, APO 96375
4 - CG, 'X'XIV Corps, A711TN: AVII-C"CT, APO 96303
3 - CIS, 101st Abn l)iv (Arnbl)
1 - C-1, 1st BMe, 101st Abn Div (Amrhl)
1 - C~O, 2d Ede,'101st Abn Div (Am'b1)
1 - C0, 3d Bde, 101st Xbn Div(&il
1 - CO, 101st Abn Div Spt Comd (Ajm,1l)
1 - CO, -101st W.n Gp, .103.st Abn Div (Ambnl)
1 - CO, DIVARTY, 1019t~ lbn Div (.knhl)
1 - ',CofS, Gal, 101st Abn Div (Asmbl)
1 - ACofS, Y-2, 101st 21'bn Div (Ambl)
10 - ACofS, G3, AOlst ,.n Div (Mmb1)
'A - P.Cof S, Gn", l01pt ?Abn Div (Amb1)
1 - NCof 5, 35, 101st Abn Div ("rn' ") Regraded unclassified when separated
F 0 R oTOTq
from dassitied Inclosure.
Inclosure
CONFIDENTTAL
CONFIDENTIAL
AVDG- GC
5UBJET: Operational Report - Lessons Loarred, 101st Airborne D1vision
(Airmobtle) for Period Fndinw 31 uctonar 1969, RCS CsF-6 (R2)
(U)
created 257 secondary firms, and derctrk-e ? ozket sites. nemy
tr ansportatoa was hirdered by ta,:*i-al a!- wher RP9 meters of roads
were cut, 3 foot tridges, 2 vethiculr rr 4geo, &nd 1 truck and 2 sampans
were destroyed. 32 VC/NVA were k11i a, a reult of tactical air.
c. Thezs were 39 B52 strikes vat.i:' tn, i!-'"sion AO durtn, the
reporting period.
C. (C) Training.
1. The division airmobility scpi o lvr.t r h1 the Lhi1t Avlation
Qroup was conducted twice during the rer-.r;- period. Attendance at the
class presented on 5-6 September was 57 tersotel. inrluding representatives
from XXIV Crrp3, 34 Marire I)-v'.siun. " th Mttri-ne Air riroup, and 173d
Airborne Brigades. On 17-18 October 45 persorei attended i he school
including representatives from 173d Airborne Brigade, let Brigade, 5th
Infantry Division (Mech), 3d Squadron, 5th Cavalry, and lst Battalion,
77th Armor. Because of operational commitments, personnel of the 3d
Brigade could not attend the classes on .7-18 October. On 26 October
a special class was presented at the brigade C? fcar officers of the
3d Brigade.
Designated to familiarize selected personnel with the capabilities
and limitations of the division's aviation assets, the school continues
to provide general guidance for the proper utilization of aircraft in a
combat environment.
2. On 15 September, the 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile) Sniper
School commenced operation. The school is 16 days in length and is
capable of training 30 per class. The course provides unit commnders
with well trained marksman capable of engaging targets at extended small
arms ranges. To date two classes have been graduated and a third is in
progress,
3. During the period of this report a battalion refresher training
period was initiated. Under the program all infantry battalions are
relieved of operational requir-ments on a rotating basis for sever, days
and nduct a minimum of 60 hours of training during that period. brphasis
is placed on tactical training, weapons training, and the conduct of
airmobile operations. Additionally during this period, maneuver elements
of the battalions become 100% rappel qualified.
4. in addition to conducting replacement training and the combat
leaders course, the Screaming Eagle Replacement Training School instituted
CONFIDENTIAL
AVDG-GC
SUBJECTi Operational Report - Lessons Learned, IOlst Airborne Division
(Airmobile) for Period 1ftdtrg 31 October 1969, RCS CSOR-65 (R2)
(U)
/
base and all non-divisional elements w,-e out of the A hau Valley.
On 24 September, Company A had a urique inission to construct a
five float raft to ferry two 0-7 bu-lldozers across the Perfume River.
The raft was constructed in one day' time.
On 25 September, Company B dispatched an advance party to Mai
Loc to minesweep the area in preparticri for the move of 3d Brigade
headquarters to that location. Company C reopened FSB Bastone and
continued maintenance and improveent of FSi Arsenal and the Arsenal
road. Company A opened FM3 Thor fa a ltt Brigade artillery raid.
During the first week of October operations were hampered by the
heaviest recorded rains In the Hue-hu Bai area. All companies directed
primary efforts toward m~intezxcz of roa.s and bridges. On 1 October,
Company C began preparation for the participation in "Project Lifesaver."
At the same time the company coordinated a land clearing operation for
Nam Hoa District. Rom plows from the 59th Land Clearing Company
accomplished the actual clearing by 17 October.
Company B assisted in reopening FSB Scotch and constructed FSB
Victory and Shrapnel for the 3d Brigade. A significant factor in the
construction of FSB Victory and Shrapnel was the fact that they were
built using only chainsaws, demolitions, and hand labor. Company B
continued improvement of the Ma Loc area and started on the Camp Evans
sniper range and the combined headquarters of the Phong Den District-
3d Battalion, 187 Infantry.
1st Brigade's Operation SATURATE, in the vicinity of FSB Saber
started on 5 October. Company A supported by providing demolition
teams and boat operators. With. the heavy rains the engineer boats
became the only means of logistical resupply. Since helicopters were
grounded by adverse weather conditions, the boats also provided tactical
mobility. Company A opened 0P56 near Camp Eagle m 9 October. Concurrently,
Company A directed considerable effort to repair of the severe rain
damge on Arsenal road. The road was reopened n 18 October when Company
A completed a 70 foot long double-single Bailey bridge.
4. During the reporting period headquarters company provided general
support to the three line companies. Total equipment support for both
combat support and base development operations during the reporting period.
is as follows:
48
UNCLASSWIED
IW t oPV THIK AOJUTM WiMilL.
WASII O . D.C. tIS
ACDA (M) (17 Nov 69) FoRk7(2 ___ _ .... __--
SUBJECT: [Senior .4flcer Debriefing Report: 9
1Infantry Division, Period 25 February 1968 to 5 April 1969 (U
Mfgt doemmwt eenteins tz~farmtlan e-f f t-tt n. ,s Rational
DT f o n te o f t he U n it e l t - .
, .,
: t 'e ,
SEE DISTRIBUTION 4 o Laws, TitL " ".
1t1 '-4. Its tranirabl.',c, )O te ""' t n
Ob? lAm.0
1. Reference: AR 1-26, subJect, Senior OfficerDebrieft Program (U)
dated 4 November 1966. 0 1tz% .- AE t/
2. Transmitted herevith is t- ereport of LTC Julian J. Ewell, subject as
above. i) S,,/ 6 II
3. This report is provide M0 TIsure 1vprp-m iat* berfitsl realised
accordance with paragraphs 3 and 5, AR 1-261 however, it should not be
result of subject report, should be provided ACSFOR nDT UT within 90 days
of receipt of covering latter.
M BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:
1 Inclit
as 4 it. L
Actiag The Mdjutist Goeratl
DISTRIBUTION:
W"t Y
Commanding Generals
L. 1 '""
US Continental Army Coimmand
US Army Combat Developments Comnand
Comandants
DEC 5 M9
US Army War College
US Army Comund and General Staff Colleae ..... L'ki: U ')
US Army Combat Surveillance School Regraed undassfled when sePrated
US Army Field Artillery School from dassifled Inclosure.
Best Av abl C
Best Available Copy
UNOUSFIFIW
":a 1 IT --
DISTRIBUTION (Cont d) w:;IrE
US Arimy Infantry School
US Army Intelligence School .. C.
US Army Medical Field Service School .............
Copies furnished: y
Office, Chief of Staff, IrS Amny IIr r- /..
Chief of Research and Developmen' .
Chief of Engineers
The Surgeon Ceneral
Chief of Military History
Director, Defense Research and Engineering
Commanders In Chief
Pacific
US Army, Pacific
US Strike Command
Commanding Generals
US Ai.my Material Command
US Army Flight Training Center
Chief of Staff, USAF
Commndant of the Marine Corps
Conmmandants
Ar.m~d Forces Staff College
Defense Intelligence School
Senior Army RepresentatLive, Marine Corps Development & Education Command
Project Managar, Naval Inshore Warfare Project Office
Commanding Officers
LUS Army Aviation Test Activity
US
HKADOQUARTURS. UNITKD OTAT9S ARMY VIKTNAM
APO SAN FfRANCISCO 94375
AVMC-
5!r'JTI Senior Officer Debriefing Report
Aiaistaent ChiLf of taff for Forea Developmnt
Daprtawt of the ArM
Wwhirmton, D. C. 20310
1. Attached are three copieO of the Seior Offloer Debriefing Report
propa"e by' LG julia j. zwe covering the period in which he ervd
a CO ing Geneal,, 9th Infantry Division.
2. LT-G rwell v.fl outwit another Seior Offler Debriefing kport upon
c pletion of his present ameiumt a COnWA I GwW-O a II F7ICV.
FOR R~ CCOSIAt3R
1 I S ON
to (trip) ILT, AGC
cy wd HQ, DA Asaint Adjutant Gene.l)
YR fINJUVAL.!.
r0' AYIR
12yw
UN,
ASI
IB1
RH-ADQUARTtitS
11 FIELD F'ORCr Vt!rTNAM
D4PkESS2KNS
OF A DIVISION COMMANDER
IN VLFTNAM
11 SEPTEMBER 19~69
LJOWNCRAf)EI AT 3 YEARS INTF-RV41,
DC.ASSIF1IEZ AFTER 12 YtARA
FoR cT UTr
I LPi'
j Irosure'
C
Proportion of companies on oflennive, defensive, and standdown
missionx
Percentage of operations witn contact and contacts with kills
Effectivenems of eagle flighting, ground reconnaissance (RIF's),
night ambush, air cavalry, artillery and air strikes, etc.
Effectiveness coefficient of unit (enemy eliminated per company
per day) and kill ration
Theme figures have to be used with diocretion but give commanders
considerable insight
o. (U) Snipers--The most effective single program we had was the
sniper program. This took a whole year to get off the ground from
scratch but we ended up with 80 snipers who would kill (or capture) from
200 to 300 enemy a month. Not only did we get this direct return but they
also encouraged the other nien to shoot well. Snipers, like everything
else, are highly sensitive to tactics and technique so one has to handle
them well. The flat open Delta terrain was ideal for snipers. Other
divisions are now trying snipers in other areas so we shall see how they
work on a broader basis. Snipers had been tried before in the theater
with tepid results, but we insisted that the entire program be exactly
right, demanded resulto and got them.
p. (U) Tiger Scouts--The Tiger Scout (Kit Carson Scout) is a tre-
mendous asset. He knows the terrain and enemy, is good at booby traps,
speaks the language, and can sort out VC from friendlies. Ours seemed
completely loyal and we looked after them. We had over 400, which al-
lowed us to put one in each squad and in other useful plares. This also
upped our 11 Bravo (Rifle) strength considerably thereby giving the units
more depth and staying power.
q. (U) Unit Management--I am convinced that one path to good results
is to drive the Communists day and night day after day. This requires
very careful management. For some time all of the battalions in the 9th
had only three rifle companies. This was a real nightmare. In order to
operate continuously one had to shuttle companies around between battal-
ions frequently. The four rifle company battalion is much more manage-
able--three can fight and one rest, train and pull security.
10
C
iC'i
FOR the Shooler BY a Shooler
Suhl Sporting Arms
Are double-barrel shotgulls and rifles
still b('illg produced il/ SaM. Germany? I
havell't SC'l'n ci SuM'lIIade gUll ill
years.
Answer: Double-barrel shotguns and
rifles of both side-by-side and over-under
types as well as combination rifle-shotguns
are still being produ<;ed in Suhl, East Ger-
many. Of coO\'entional top-break design,
these guns are offered ir. 12, 16-, and
20-ga., and many different rifle calibers.
One of the more prominent Suhl sport-
ing arms producers is the VEB Emst-
Thaelmann-Werk. Named afler Ernst
Thaelmann. a famous German Commu-
nist, this firm turns out Fortuna guns in
the former 1. 1). Sauer & Sohn plant, and
also the well-known Merkel guns. VES in
the firm's name stands for Volks-Eigene
Betrieb (People's-Owned Enterprise).
Another prominenl Suhl sporting arms
manufacturer is the VES Fahrzeug-und
Geraetewerk Simson (Simson Vehicle and
Equipment Works). Simson has been in
the small arms business since the 1890's.
.md formerly produced Mnuser 98 rifles
:lnd Luger pistols for the German Army.
Most unusual of the Suh! arms makers
is BUHAG (Buechsenmacher-Handwerks-
genossenschaft m. H.H.), a gunmaker's
association or guild consisling of 48 small
firms. This association is similar to
one in Ferlach, Austria. BUHAG guns,
like other sporting arms currently pro-
duced in Suhl, are marketed by an East
German government trade organization.
Immanuel !l-Ieffert and A. W. Wolf are
fairly old Suhl arms firms. but they are
small compared with the Emst-Thaelmann-
Werk and Simson. Meffert guns are cur-
rently sold under the trade name "Hu-
bertus".
While sporting arms currently produced
in Suhl are generally of high quality, they
are nOI often encounlered in the U.S. due
to the high import tariff on goods made
behind the Iron Curtain.
Several well-known arms firms such as
Krieghoff. J. P. Sauer & Sohn, and F. W.
Heym, l1ed Suhl shortly :lfter World War
II and established new factories in West
Germ:my.-L.O.
The National Mat<;hes and olher train-
ing and competition events open to
American civilian rillemen have yielded
many benefits to nationnl defense. This
new XM21 rifle, based direclly on the
MI4 National Match rifle and the MliS
ammunition developed in large
part for National Match use, is a striking
example of this.-E.H.H.
DOPE BAG tontinued
Army Sniper Rifle
That' hare beel! ,epo,ls 0/ cOl/sider-
able sniper acti"ily iI/ Ihe Viet/Win war.
lIcls ou, An".I a modem sniping rifle
jor lliis jlmdioll:'
Answer: The U,S. Army We'lpons
Command announced the 7.62 mm. snip-
ing rifle XM21 on Sept. Ill. 1969. It
consists of the MI4 National Match rifle
with an adjustable range telescope (ART)
mounled. (The X in such a designation
identifies an item still under development
or test. If the item is adopted. the X is
droppL'd leaving the final !I-'1 number.)
Initial developmenl of this new rifle
was described in "Army Lab Adds ART 10
Sniping", TilE AMERICAN RIFLEMAN, May
1969. p. 47. The development was done by
the U.S. Army Limited War LaboratolY.
using M14 service rifles matchcondi-
tioned by the U.S. Army Marksmanship
Training Unit at Ft. 13enning.
The ART combines the range-finding
capability of the Redfield 3X-9X variable
power "Accu-Range" telescope with an
exterior cam which puts on the correct
elevation for any range from 300 to 900
meters. The Redfield scope now used has
an improved power adjustment lock. (The
Leatherwood Auto/Range scope sight,
manufaclured on this exterior elevntion
cam principle for <;ommercial sale, was
described in Till; AMERIC"N RIFLEMM",
Sept. 1968, p. 67-74.)
The present XM2 I is assembled with
M14 National Match rifles which have
been rebuilt in Ro<;k Island Arsenal for
the purpose. M14 National Mat<;h riOes
were originally manufa<;tured with special
attention to those whi<;h are im-
portant for accurate shooting, and the
Ro<;k Island rebuild takes advantage of
latest information a<;quired on the sub-
ject. Attachment of the scope base to the
rifle is simplified by a lug with large
threaded hole. and a vertical and a longi-
tudinal groove, which were regularly ma-
chined into MI4 riOe receivers during
manufacture in anticipation of a scope
requirement.
The assembled XM2 I rifle is of mod
erate weight. the weight with loaded 20-
round magazine being given as I I Ibs. It
is intended for use primarily with 7.62
mOl. NATO MI III Malch ammunition.
identical in type with 7.62 mm. Nalional
Match ammunition. and thc elevation cam
is made for this ammunition. The rifle
acceptance specifications require that av-
erage extreme sprend for three <;onsecu-
tive ten-shot groups with this ammunition
may not exceed inches at a range of
300 meters.
29.95
2.00
26.75
$ 5.00
$22.15
22.15
24.75
24.75
SHOOT'''G MAT

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"_,,-,,,-,='23_SO
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STOPS.
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Un< GUN' AND ACCUSO"'U
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C... ,RO
OILU'" " .... CUFF
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'"
AAT TRIPOD wllb
IT TRIPOD wllb LUG
08 OLYMPIC BIPOD with saddle
ZI OLYMPIC BIPOo willi LUG
REGAL BIPDD with saddle Dr lUll
bolder,
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OBBR BIPDD in RED
au SAGE COLOR, add
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IUTT
Y

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"00" "'0. h O"W 525.75
"0." INTIRNATIOHAL
$47.'0
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xl00 ".H .22 (1_"'01 $4.00
Write US for III1 your reqUirements

in RELOADING, SCOPES. SIGHTS,
GUN CASES, PISTOL KITS, SWIV-
ELS, COATS & FREELAND ACCES
SORIES, GUNS, GOOD AMMUNI_
TION, SHOOTING GLASSES. BE
SURE TO SEND YOUR CURRENT
FEDERAL FI REARMS LICENSE WITH
CERTIFICATION. PAMPHL.ET FREE.
Freeland's Scope Stands, Inc.
3737 14th AYE
..
ROCK ISLAND, ILL. 61201
7.62 mOl. Sniping Rifle XM21.
THE AMERtCAN RIFLEMAN
.~-'-iP
_ . - - *
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20310
IN REPLY REFER TO
AGDA (M) (-26Nov 69)
FOR OT UT 693030 4 December 1969
SUBJECT: Operational Report - Lessons Learned,
Division (Airmobile), Period Ending 31
SEE DISTRIBUTION
with paragraph 4b, AR 525-15. Evaluations and corrective actions should
KENNETH G. WICKHAM
1 Incl
Major General, USA
as
DISTRIBUTION:
Commanding Generals
Commandants
US Army War College
US Army Conunand and General Staff College
US A m y Air Defense School
US Army Electronic Warfare School
US ~ r m y Engineer School
US A ~ Q YField Artillery school
DISTRIBUTION (Cont l d)
US Army Mi s s i l e and Muni t i ons School
US Army Quart ermast er School
US Army Si gnal School
US Army Sout heast er n Si gnal School
US Army Speci al Warfare School
US Army Tr anspor t at i on School
Copie s f ur ni shed :
Of f i ce, Chief of St a f f , US Army
Deputy Chi ef s of St a f f
Chi ef of Research and Development
As s i s t a nt ' chi ef s of St a f f
Chief of Engi neer s
The Surgeon General
0SD(SA) As s i s t a nt f or Sout heast Asia For ces
Di r ect or , Defense Research and Engi neeri ng
Off i c e , J o i n t Chi ef s of St a f f
Commanding General s
US Army Mat er i el Command
US Army STRATCOM
US Army El e c t r oni c s Command
US Army Fl i ght Tr ai ni ng Cent er
1st Caval ry Di vi si on (Airmobile)
Deputy Chief of St a f f , Ai r Force, Pl ans & Oper at i ons
Commandant of t he Marine Corps
Seni or Army Repr esent at i ve, Marine Corps Development & Educat i on Command
USAF Ai r Ground Oper at i ons School
The A i r Uni ver si t y Li br ar y
Di r ect or , Weapons Systems Eval uat i on Group
Defense Documentation Cent er
Secur i t y Of f i c e r , Hudson I n s t i t u t e
USAF Pr oj e c t RAND
Commanding Of f i c e r s
US Army Li mi t ed War Laborat ory
US Army Logi s t i c s , Doct r i ne Systems & Readi ness Agency
US Army Mobi l i t y Equipment Research & Development Cent er
DBARTM&W QF THL AREE
HEAD&MTERS, 1 ST CAVALRY DI VI SI ON ( m~ ~ ~ m)
AVDAMH 15 August 1969
SUBJET: Operational-Report f or Quarterly Period End$& 31 Jul y 1969
RCS CSFCR-65 (RI) (u)
THRU: Commanding General
Headquarters, IIFF'V
ATTN: AVFBC-RSH
Am 96266
' TO: Assistant Chief of Staff for Force Development
Department of t he hmy
IJashington, D .C .' 20310
SEETIOM I: ~Q@$3@&@#5
*
------ u,,
SUBLTECT r;'0 A n r T3;: CKCi,.F;,?STF.T1~
1, (c) Operations:
3CliEj)!Jl,x p~ E%~i'LI~I;'~ ,:,? ::,?:. 1.'1.65:!
hU1'03kA'TT~A ! , U DIIWWG;IarU:S- TWO y"4~
a. General .--
TNTERVAJ, S GECLASSIFTED. 0): DEC. 31
The reporting period covers t he conclusion of t he following opera-
(1)
tions,
(a)
Operation MONTANA RAIDEt (terminated 131200H &lay1969).
(b)
Operation COMANCHE WKLRIOR (terminated 01 1 200N Jun 1969).
Operation CREEK I1 (terminated. 221 200H Jun 1969).
(c)
(d)
Operation 1OfXCANASCOUT (terminated 231200H Jun 1969).
(2)
The reporting period covers t he i ni t i at i on of Operation KEP.rTUCdKl
COUGAR ( i ni t i at ed 241200~ Jun 1969).
A l l t he above operations are subsume.d under. Operation..Toan Thang I11 *ich con-
tinued through t he close of ' t he reporting pr i od.
(3)
The May-July 1969 period saw a c ont i mt i on of.t he roles, a s s i o n s
and functions kni t i at ed when the I st- Cav- Div&sion . (Ai mbi l e>. arrived i n
Inclosure I
SUBJECT: Operational Report for Quarterly Period Ending 31 July 1969
T,2B E : ~raining/canbat Development s
I-. Division Training:
a. THE FIRST TEAM JICADEMYa t Bien Hoa conducted individual replacement'
t r ai ni ng fOr a l l incaning replacement personnel durine the reporting pe r i d.
704 officers and 5,592 enlisted men received the three-day course of instruction.
b. .The Canbat Leaders Course (CLC) graduated 202 personnel during the
quarter. The 10 day POI provides t rai ni ng f or selected %3 t hr u %-5 personnel
who are pr ogr med t o be team leaders ar.d squad leaders in t he l i ne units. The
subjects stressed are small uni t A i r Cav t act i cs, map r edi ng, canmunications
procedures, weapons employment, f i r s t aid and leader ship.
c. The K i t Carson Scout Training Frogram graduated 78 personnel during
t he quarter. The objective of t he program i s t o provide Csv maneuver uni t s
-with mll-trained indigenous scouts familiar with enemy t act i cs a d procedures
as well as the area of operat ions of t he r i f l e canpanies and reconnaissance
platoons cf t he Division, The t rai ni ng includes basi c A i r Cav t act i cs, care
and operation of US eouipnerrt, Ehglish language, proficiency, and the mission
of the K i t Carscn Scout Program.
d. The Division Sniper Program was i ni t i at ed during t he report- p e r i d *
As of 31 July THE FIRST TEAM ACADEMY h d graduated 32 slipers. The program i s
designed t o t r a i n carefully selected personnel f r ~ nt he ground uni t s i n t he
advanced markmanship and sniper ambush- t echi ques. Included i n t he c w se are
c mn i c a t i o n s procedures, map reading, adjustnent of indirect f i r e support
and night f i r i ng techniques. Upon graduation, t he trained snipers are returned
t o t hei r parent bat t al i on for emplqyment as a bat t al i on asset.
2.
Non-Divisional Training Programs anl Schools:
a. The Division made use of the US!i RV school system t o t he maximm extent
possible during the reporting pe r i d. The following figures Mi c a t e which
schools ald how many students participated:
OFF
-
EM
-
Army Aviation Refresher Training School 180 27
MASV Reconlo School 15
US Army Training.Facility, 1st Signal. Brigade 22
be Twerity-two aviat ars attended t he Jungle Envirormentd. Suilrival Train-
ing (JEST) course i n the Phi l l i phes during the reparting period.
3. Combat Developments:
a, 1May 1969, the ~ i v i s i o n received n'ine 300 watt, Fkjdrzzine A i r Fuel
SUBJECT: Cperatimal Report for Quarterly Pericd Fhding 3 July 1969
TRB E : TrainingrCmbat Developments (Cont)
Cells. The items were requested for k e d i a t e development under XA~8URE80 and
were intended t o serve as si l ent pclwer scurces for t he kN/VRC 12 series radios
and s m a l l equipment operating wi t hh. t hat pmer rat i ng on forward f i r e bases.
After a prelininary training pericd for t he operators, the f i e1 cel l s were
muved t o t he 2-12 Cav forward f i r e base and placed in operation on 1June 1969
t o begin a 90 day t e s t , At t he end of t he f i r s t week a , l l nine cel l s were
inoperative due t o acid leaks in t he codi ng fan housings, The t es t was
termi-nated and t he cel l s were returned t o CONUS for further mcdification.
b, On 10 June 1969, the Division received i t s f i r s t increment of the m~76
Anti-Oscillat ion Sighting Device, The instrument, designed for Airborne use,
i s an el ect r i cal l y controlled gyrcbstabilized monocular with a nower zoan l ens
extending f!rm 3x t o 9x power. Prelimbarn t est i ng during the reporting period
indicates t hat the device will be extremely useful for use in C & C and
reconnaissance ai r cr af t . The t es t a d evaluation was not cclmplete at the
conclusion of the reparting pericd.
CONFIDENTIAL
WASHINGTON.
D.C, 20310
IN AliPLV A LIFIiK..
/
AGDA (M) (14 May 70) FOR\ -f_-'M7243
SUBJECT: Operational Report - Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 10Rt .A-irt,rne
I' SEE DISTRIBUTION
t E i., ' ",
I. Subject report is forwarded for review and evaluation in accordance
with paragraph 4b, AR 525-15. Evaluations and corrective actions should
- BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY:
,,.)
'~ !~7 j ~ /KENNETH G. WICKHAM
-I- nT Major General, USA
as
DISTRIBUTION:
Commanding Generals
US Army Materiel Conmmand
Commandants C
US Army War College
US Army Aviation School JUN 1! 1-:
LVJ
A
US Army Field Artillery
School
Reraded
unclassified
when separated
CONFIDENTIAL
Best Available Copy:
_ CONFIDENTIAL
HEADQUARTERS 101ST AIRBORNE DIVISION (AIRMOILIE)
* ~off"c of the Ch6.f of Staff
APO 96383
AVDG-CS
13 February 1970
SUBJECT- Operational Repcrt -- Lessons Learned, 101st Airborne
Division (Airnobjile) for Period Ending 31 January 1970,
RCS CSFOR-65 (R2) (U)
;LE DISTRIBUTION
The inclosed Operational Report -- Lessons Learned is forwarded
in comupliance with USARV Regulation 525-15 and XXrV Corps Pea-
ulation 525-2.
* FOR THE COMMANDER:
1 tncl ~A. MACDONALD
as3
Colonel, GS
Chief of Staff
* DISTRIBUTION:
2 - CINCUSARPAC, ATTN: GPOD-OT, APO 96558
3 - CG, USARV, ATTN: AVHGC-DST, APO 96375
8 - CG, XXIV Corps, ATTN: AvII-GCT, APO 96308
3 - CofS, 101st Abri Div (Ambi)
1 - CO, lst Bde, 101st Abn Div (Amb1)
L- CO, 2d Bde, 101st Abn Div (Ambl)
I - CO, 3d Dde, 101st Abn Div (Ambi.)
I - CO, 101st Abn Div Sat Comd (Ainbl.)
1 - CO, 101st Avri Gp, 101st Abn Div (Ambi)
1 - CID, 101st Abn Div Artillery (Amfbl)
1 - ACofS, G1, 1019t, Abn Div (AmbI)
I - AWoS, G2, 101st Abn Div (Aimb1)
10 - ACofS, G3, 101st Abn Div (Arnbl)
1 - ACofS, G4,. 101st Abn Div (Amibl)
1 - ACofS, G5, 101st Abn Div (Ambl)
IFe 09 r7ur
Inc losure from classified Inclosure.
jCONF1DDNTAL
CON"71DENTIAL
3UB.JCT: Operation &aaart - Lessons Learned, 101st Airborne Division
(Airmobile) for Period Ending 31 January 1970, hC3 CZFO0-65 (h2)
(U)
r~lnrig was term.nated at Bien !ioa on 27 November. 'our days later, on
1 December, training was resumed at Camp Evans. Following the relocation
of 3JI.TS at Camp Evans, division schools were consolidated into the Screaming
"4agle .. eulacement Training School.
:1. Battalion refresher training continued throughnut the reporting
perind with minor interruptions caused by operational requirements. The
pro.7ram was suspended for the last 10 days of the quarter to permit mLxirum
-r-n die)1o3yzrnt in the division's effort to prepere for possible increased
e1er-, ictivicy during the Tot period. efresher training will resume in
I, Jenuary, the fifth cycle of the diVi3inl sni'er school was
r L' 1'- an.' new: XK21 snipcr wea )ons %,cre receivel 'n the division. A
S:.-: inrtruetor tj m %as as;ijned -.. the divisinn fron the Army Marks-
j_ . 'raining Unit, Fort Benr.inC, !. ith the arrival of the instructor
: .hen eaon system, renewed emphasis has been nlaced on the
:'vizi:.fn sniaer iroz'w,.
Two cycles of the 11st -irborne Division nirmobile i.perations
;c' iora conductd during the period. Commmnders and staff officers
f:- the division; let Brigade, 5th Infantry Division (Mech); let
. _ v. Ln c. selected V,: cadre members flor. the Don- Da Nat'-nal
fr 2.cnter attcnded the school. ^ttendzr.ce by ARVN
co-i-andcrs and staff officer's "s expcctcd to i-prmre coordinati-n between
the lat AFRVN Division and the I0st ^irborne Division (_irmobile) for
utilization of division air assets.
I. jelected personnel of the ist ,JM! Division receive-' -athfinrer
o.,erations train-.ng ccnducted by the division ?athfinder platoon. During
the renorting .. eri:d, three classes totalling 35 personnel, were
fraduated. Thr3( se'itinnal classes are prora-rcd for the next quarter.
Fivi3i-n .rti~lcr' conductud training for the ls LFWVN Divioion in pre-
parati-n of artillery pieces fcr helicopter -:ovement.
,'. ..u-ing the reportrng pericd, the division initiated Cerati-n
.... ,JCLj11. Cne ,rimary objective vf the o:j.erati-n is the upgraing
of the effectiveness of territorial force-. -3 one technique of accom-
pliohig that objective, mobile training teams (.Ts) have been estatlished
by each brigade to provide training for r/.F/PDF forces in areas where
division units do not habitually operate. ?1=s are compose- of one team
leader ("-6 or above), two non-comnoisinned officer primary instructors
(L5 or above), two enlisted assistant instructe, one RTO, one medical aidean
and "ne Vietnam.ese interpreter or Kit Carson Scout.
12
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
OPICE OF THE ADJUTANT GENERAL
WASHINGTON. D.C. z0310
UN REPLY RIWER ?"O
AGDA (M) (1 Jul 7U) FOR OT UT 70B024 10 July 1970
SUBJECT: Senior Officer Debriefing Report: MG John M. Wright, Jr., CG,
101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Period 25 May 1969 to 25
May 1970 (U)
SEE DISTRIBUTION
I. Reference: AR 1-26, subject, Senior Officer Debriefing Program (U)
dated 4 November 1966.
~ 2. Transmitted herewith is the report of MG John M. Wright, Jr., subject
O as above.
3. This report is provided to insure appropriate benefits are realized
accordance with paragraphs 3 and 5, AR 1-26; however, it should not be
result of subject report, should be provided ACSFOR OT UT within 90 days
of receipt-of covering letter.
NETH G. WICKHAM
I Incl
Major General, USA
as The Adjutant Gene':.1
DISTRI BUTION:
Commanding Generals
Conandant s
US Army War College
US Army Avor School
RegradEd unclassified when separated
US Army Aviation School from classified Inclosure.
CONFIDENTIAL
Best Available Copy
CONFIDENTIAL
DEPARTMENT OF THL ARM f
HEADQUARTERS. UNITED STATES ARM% VIETNAM
APO SAN FKANCIUCO 96375
AVHCC-DST
SUBJECTs Senior Officer Debriefing Report - MG Jvhr
K
. Wright, Jr.
Assistant Chief of Staff for Force Development
Department of the Army
Washington, D. C. 20310
1. Attached are three copies of the Senior Officer Debriefing Report
prepared by MG John M. Wright, Jr. The report covers the period
25 May 1969 - 25 May 1970, during which time MG Wright served as
Commanding General, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile).
2. MG Wright is recommended as a candidate guest speaker at appro-
priate service schools and joint colleges.
* FOR THE COMMANDER:
1 Incl --
as (trip) ' U' stevens it.
2 cy wd HQ, DA I-
Regraded uI :IassIfied when separated
from classifed Inclosure.
I
CON FIDENTI AL
CONFIDENTIAL
D,;SrRI3UTiON (Cone'd)
"> A ry hemca' School
US A.mny CombaL Furveillance School
CS Ar.ny Electronic Warfare School
!'S Arzrv FnL'neer School
LIS Ary Fie!d Artillery School
L'S Army Intantry School
UL Army Ordnance School
Copics furnished:
Chief of Engineers
The Surgeon General
Chief of Military History
I)irector, Defense Research & Engineering
Corimanding Generals
I'S Army Electronics Command
US Army Weapons Co'.and
Ill Corps, ATTN: Director, Project MASSTER
Chiet of Staff, USAF
(omnand. r'. of thc h Mar ine Corps
C o1nna I n t S
Ar-.l Forces 7taff College
befense 1nte!lignce School
USAF Project RAND
Commanding Officers
US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory
LS Army Logistics, Doctrine Systems & Readiness Agency
2
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
HMEAMUARTERS
101ST AIqBORNE
DIVISION
(AIRMOBILE)
Offic, of the Comenvading
General
APO 96383
AVDG-CG
11 May 1970
SUBJECT:
Senior
Officer's
Debriefing
Report
Commanding
General
United
States Army,
Vietnam
ATTN:
AVHGC-DST
APO 96375
I. (U) Reference,
USARV
Regulation
1-3, 1 June 1968, subject:
Senior
Officer's
Debriefing
Report.
2. (C) General:
a. Throughout
the period
of my tour as Commanding
General
of the 101st Airborne
Division
(Airmnobile)
all of the resources
of the division
have been focused
on achieving
the objectives
of the accelerated
pacifica.
tion camnpaign.
Operations
have been aimed at destroying
and neutral..
iring VC, VCI, guerrillas,
and local forces
in the populated
areas;
locating and destroying
NVA vnits which operate
in the piedmont,
make intrusions
into the populated
areas,
and support
VC, VCi, guerrillas,
and local
forces;
and locating
and destroying
NVA forces,
supplies,
and installa. tions in the mountains
and jungle
before
they can interfere
with pacifica.
tion.
b. I have maintAined
the policy of conducting
all combat
operations
in coordination
with the lst Infantry
Division
(ARVN),
Thu& Thien Pro. vince and district
officials,
and territorial
forces.
! have constantly
emphasized
to my staf4 subordinate
comrnauders
and their staffs,
and the individual
soldier,
the importance
of considering
every action in rela.
tion to its impact
on pacification
and development
in the province.
Through.
out the past year, major portion#
of the division's
assets,
including
not
F O R- ,, o T
7-
1T
11 " * A 0 A
I N 1 0Iz 7 o 3 0 c2
CONFIDENTIAL
0wLSME
AT W2 Yue TALs;
Inc losure
0 AU Tl 12 200 .10
.O if 5200 tO
CONFIDENTIAL
8. (C) Training.
a. Combat Commrranders' Course. On 5 August 1969, a Combat
Coarnnders' Course was established for newly assigned company
grade officers. The course is presented upon completion of replace-
ment training and is designed to review airmobile tactics and tech-
niques prior to the individual's arrival in his unit. The POI is based
in part on instruction that newly assigned officers most frequently
request. It is designed to provide a thorough understanding of tacti-
cal operations conducted by the division and to increase self-confidence
among junior officers. Subjects consist of ambush and patrolling, com-
pany and platoon tactics, combat demolitions, airmobile operations,
and fire support. The course includes informal discussion periods that
familiarize the students with division policies and procedures and
answer questions concerning the current tactical situation.
b. Combat Leaders' Course. Selected enlisted personnel in the
grades of E4 and E5 demonstrating leadership potential receive a one
week course. on leadership and small unit tactics. Aimed at the leader
and potential leader at squad level, this course has been instrumental
in providing improved leadership within infintry platoons.
c. Sniper School. A sniper training program was instituted in
September 1969 using a cadre formed from within the division. In Jan-
uary 1970, a sniper instructor team, trained at Fort Benning, was
assigned to the division and is now-resporsible for all sniper training.
Snipers are currently employed in all infantry battalions, brigade security
platoons, and the cavalry squadron. In order to improve sniper employ-
meat throughout the division, the sniper school cadre makes three day
liaison visits to battalions to assist commanders in more efficient plan-
ning and employment of trained snipers.
d. Airmobile Operations. An introduction to airrnobile operations
is presented to newly assigned officers through the division's airmobile
operations school. The purpose of the school is to familiarize comrnman-
ders and staff officera with policies, procedures, and techniques for the
employment and utilization of aircraft and the conduct of airmobile opera-
tions. Presented every six weeks, the school has attracted students rom
the lst In! Div (ARVN); the lst Aviation Brigade: the 173d Airborne Bri-
gade; and the lst Brigade, 5th Inf Div (h[ech). Attached at Tab I is
a typical program of instruction.
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
OPrrIC OF THE AIDJUrANT QERML
wASHINGTON. D.C. 23lto
AGDA (M) (24 Jul 70) FOR OT UT 702186 31 July 1970
OO SUBJECT: Operational Report - Lessons Learned, Headquarters, 101st
Airborne Division, Period Ending 30 April 1970 (U)
uu SEE DISTRIBUTION
Swith paragraph 4b, AR 525-15. Information of actions initiated as a
result of subject report should be forwarded to ACSFOR OT UT within 90
days of receipt of covering letter.
I Incl KENNETH G. WICKHAM
as Major General, USA
DISTRIBUTION:
Commanding Generals
Commandants L.-.
US Army War College
US Army Field Artillery School Regraded unclassified When separated
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
DISTRIBUTION (Cont'd)
IS Army Signal School
Copies furnished:
Chief of Engineers
The Surgeon General
Director, Defense Research & Engineering
Commanding Generals
III Corps, ATTN: Director, Project MASSTER
1oist Airborne Division
USAF Project RAND
Commanding Officers
2
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
MAM)ENT OF THE ARM~
Headquarters 101st Lirborne Division (Mxmobile)
APO 96383
LYDG-.GC 17 !-Wy 1970
M1BJZCTs Operational1 Report - Lessons Learned, 101st Airborne Division
(Aizzobile) Period Ending W0 April 1970, RCS CSFOR-65 (R2) (U)
SEE DISTRB.TUTION
The inclosed Operational Report - Lessons Learned is forwarded in com-
pliance with USARY Regulation 525-15 and XXV Corps Regulation 525-2.
F TMC0WMiIMR
2 d HQl el4A
as 1LIT, LOG
Incl wd H, DAAst Adjutant General
DISTR33UTI(N 8
2 -CINCrYSARPAC, AtPs GP-DT, APO 96558
3 C G, USART, ATTI'3 LYHG-DST, APO 96375
8 -CG, =~ Corps, ATTWs LVII-OCT, APO 96349
3 - otS, 101st Abn Div (iAmli)
1- C0, lot Map, 101st Abn Div (Azbi)
1 -00, X~ Bd., 101st Abm Div (iumbl)
1 -00, 3dL Mdet 101st Abn Div kAubi)
1 OD#0 101st Abn Div Spt Cond (Ambi)
1 00C, lolt ibn Div Arty (LAbi)
1 -00, 101st Avn OpI 101st Abn Div (Ab)
1 - ACofSp G1, l~st ibm Div (Anbl)
1 - A~ofS, 02, 101st Abu Div kAbl)
10 - AWoS, G3, l01st Abu Div (Ambi)
1 - AWoS, G4, 101st Abu Div (iumb1
1 - hCOof, G5, 101t Abn Div (Ambl)
FIX e) 0 7- r)7 Regraded unclassified When separated
7 0,;,/ 96
1 from Classified inclosure.
Inclosure
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
AID G-QO
SMfICT, Osmttinal Report - lessons Leaaed, Mo01t Airborne Division
(AirAbile) Period Zr~in 30 April 1970, RCS CSIOR-65 (R2) (Z)
b. (C) Training.
(1) In order to maximize foroes available during the Tet period,
battalion refresher training was suspended from 21 January to 16 Feb-
ruAy. A4iin on 9 April, training was sApended due to the Increased
enez contact througout the AO. Training reasined suspended though
the end of the reporting period. The program continued to emphasize
=rksainahip, all unit taotia, airmobile operatious, mines and booby
traps, and ambush operations.
(2) To assist in upgrading the effectiveness of the territorial
forces, additional X*ile training team (WTT) were organiztA, trained
at the Sareeaing Eagle Replacement Training School (SMTS), and employed
in the division area of operation. At the end of the reporting period,
18 ITTs were deployed.
(3) During the reporting period, a total of 27 selected personnel
attended one of the three oyoleu of the MhO Recondo School. Twenty-
four personnel from the lst Infantry Division (ARVN) also attended the
school. Each AM soldier was assigned a US buddy who was also attending
the school to encorage participation by the ARIN and assist in the tran-
sition from ARVN to US instruAction.
(4) Three cycles of the 101st Airborne Division (Airmbile) Sniper
School were conducted during the period. Fourteen personnel from the
lot Brigade, 5th Infantry Division (Mechanized) and 45 personnel from the
101st Lirborne Division (Airnbile) graduated from the school. All grad-
uates were equipped with the XH21 snipaej. rifle. A sniper contact team,
consisting of the sniper school 0IC and several instructors visited units
in the field to discuss and assist co-anders in planning for sniper
employnant.
(5) The Pathfinder Platoon conducted training, in pathfinder operations
fo soldies of the lot Infantry Division (ARM). Two classes, totalling
35 psonnl, vere g-rdnated. To aid instruction, the Pathfinder Handbook
was translated into Vietnamese. Training stressed pathfinder principles,
techniques in planning and conduoting aizobile operations, and ground con-
trl of rotary wing aircraft.
(6) The 101st Airborne Division Airmobile Operations School conducted
two classes at Camp Bogle during the reporting period. A total of 67
personnel from the division, the jut Brigds, 5th Infantry Division (lacha-
nized), the let Infantry Division (AIN), and H.CV Advisory Team 18 attended
the o- s. Instrmotice was preented to battalion and higher comodrs,
S# and 53 Air officers, azd other selected staff officers. During the month
of April Airmobile Operations School instruotors presented classes to 33
cadre pe onnel of the Tietneamxe Dong Da lational Training Center.
CONFIDENTIAL
AD/A-002 573
u. S. ARMY LAND WARFARE LABORATORY.
VOLUME II. APPENDIX B. TASK SHEETS
J. E. Mortland
Battelle Columbus Laboratories
Prepared for:
Army Land W,H'fare Laboratory
June 1974
DISTRIBUTED BY:
National Tlrhnicallnfomlltion service
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
m'.'
PREFACE
This project was performed by Battelle's Columbus laboratories (BeL)
for the U. S. Army land Warfare laboratory (lWl), AberJeen Proving Ground,
Maryland, under Contract No. DAADOS-74-C-0771. Mr. P. M. Anderson of lWl
was the Technical Monitor, and Mr. J. Tuck of BCl was the Program
Oi rector.
Batte I Ie wishes to express its appreciation to Mr. Anderson for
his contributions to this Final Project Report on lWl. Due to his lengthy
association with LWL and his interest in setting down for the record a full
accounting of the U. S. Army Land Warfare Laboratory, Mr. Anderson provided
invaluable assistance to the BCl researchers in the gathering of their
documentation, recall ing from his own experiences information necessary to
complete the report. The comments and assistance of Col. Richard L. Clarkson
and Dr. Russel I D. Shelton, Commanding Officer and Technical Director during
lWl's final years, were also vital in assuring the completeness and
of this document.
The Final Project Report has been divided into two volumes:
Volume I.
Vo Iume I I.
Project Report and Appendix A, Documentation
Arrendix B, Shee-ts
DISCLAIMER
....
The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official
of the Army posi '-ion. Neither does the c..itation of any items by
trade r,ame constitute official endorsement or ilpproval by the Depi"ir-+meni uf
the Army of the use of such commercial items
"''Z .$
01-F-63
02-F-63
03-F-63
04-F-b3
05-F-b3
Ob-F-63
07-F-63
08-F-63
Ol-F-S4
02-F-G4
03-F-64
04 -F-64
*05-F-64
06-F-64
07-F-64
Ol-F-65
02-F-65
O:'-F-6S
J4-F-65
S F-65
Ll6-F-65
07F-65
08-F-65
01-F-66
02 -F-66
03-F-66
04-F-6C
05-F-66
06-F-66
07-F-66
08-F-66
09-F-66
03- F-6 7
O1-F-67
05-F-67
06-F-67
07-F-67
08-F-67
09-F-67
lG-F-67
ll-F-67
12-F-67
13F-67
1J1-F-68
02-F-68
MUNITIONS BRANCH
Grenade Dispenser
Squeezebore
Counterambush Weapon
Timing Device for Fuzes
Counterambusn Weapon II (M18Al)
Improved Sighting System for Small Arms
Aerial Smrke Marker & Dispenser
Leaflet Bundle Breaker
Lightweight Truck Armor
Tunnpl Detection Munitions
Battlefield Illumination
Smoke Screen, Troop Landing
Mechanical [)elay Firing Device
60MM "brtar
Shotshell Adaptor for M79 Launcher
Compact Rifle Sight
Airc>"aft Snv:>ke Marker (Colored)
Special Sight Mount
Smoke Screen Adaptor for LAU 3/A
Floating Smoke Grenade
Srenade Launcher for Ml Rif'le/Carbine
and Mount/M14 Rifle
Smoke Marker Jispenser SMD-l
Pos it ion M;:. rker
Counterambush System (Study)
Small Arms ProtecLion for Vehicles
Barrage Weapons System
Adjustable Ranging Telescope (ART)
40MM Mul:iihot Cartridge
Magazine, Disposable Plastic 5.S6MM and Bandoleer
Mag Teflon Counterambush Weapon (MTCAW)
60r-IM Hand Di rected Mortar
Grapnel With Line (Propelled)
40MM Position Marker (PM-3)
Veh i c1e Smoke Sc reen Sys tem
Armor by the Yard
Grenade foJ7" for Aircraft Deployment
Rifle Night Sight
Vehicle Gas Tank Armor
Quad SO"iG Mount Armor
Position Marker (PM-4)
Electric.ally Initiated Battlefield Illumination System
Evaluation of Rocket Guns
40MM Target Marker (Floating)
Tunne 1 Weapon
en &z d )
B
fl
B
B
B
B
!3
LJ
[3
[3
13
B
[3
13
B
B
B
B
B
B
[3
B
B
B
B
B
13
8
B
B
R
13
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
[3
13
B
[l
03-F-68
04-F-68
05-F-68
Ofi -F-68
Ol-F-68
Ol-F-69
*02-F-69
*03-F-69

05-F-69
OG- F-63
07-F-69
*08-F-69
09-F-69
1O-F-69
01- F-70
02-F-70
03-F-70
04- F-70
05-F-70
06-F-70
07-F70
08-F-70
09-F-70
10 -F-70
01-F-71
li2 -F-71
03- F-71
04-F-71
O:-F-71
06-F-71
*07- F-71
08-F-71
01-F-7'2
02-F-72
03-F-72
04-F-72
GS-F-72
20-F-72
G1-F-73
02 - F-73
G3-F 73
04-F-73
'.J5-i-73
06-F-73
07-F-73
()2-r-74
30-F-74
MUNITIONS BRANCH (CONTINUED)
Silent Sniper System
Remote Controlled Rocket Flare
Helicopter "Flak Cover" - Feasibility Investigation
Adjustable Ranging Telescope Procurement
Back-Pack Ammur.ition Feed System for the M60 Machine Gun
Trip Flare Initiatcr, Electric
Tdrget Marker - Droppable
Waterproof AIiIIlO Container for the Individua1 Soldier
Evaluation of Mini Grenade
Suppressive Fire Weapon System for Helicopters
Mine Clearance Feasibility 'tudy
Illumination Warhead, 2.75" Rocket
Bearing Finder for Incoming Fire
Sling Adaptors for the M-16 Rifle
Bright Light Mob Dispersal (RC)
Reticle Illumination Adapter Kit (RIAK)
Directional Light, Pyrotechnic
Trip Wire Snagging Device (Improved)
Quiet, Special-Purpose Revolver
Hand-Held Grenade Launcher
RIPER (Army)
105MM Subca1iber Training Device
Hand-Held Position Marker (PM-4) - RVN Evaluation Quantity
One-Half Size Smoke Grenade
Launcher Improvement for Illumination System Flare, Surface:
Pa ra ch ute XM183
Nonsubmersib1e Smoke Grenade
40MM Floating Flare
Pursuit Deter'ring tion
Mortar Aiming Device, 60MM
Silenced Pistols and Rifle
Waterways Harassment and Interdiction Mine
Evaluation of Castab1e SmoKe Mix
Helicopter Dropsight
Less Lethal Ammunition for Small Arms
Plastic S.S6MM Blank Cartridge
Modified Grapnel With Line
Arctic Tent Stake Driver
MIDI Smoke Grenade
2.75 Inch Illumination (MASSTER)
Illuminate Spectrum Study
Less Lethal Liquid Ball
Line Source Smoke and Riot Control Auent Rope
2.75 Inch Multishot Antitank Warhead
Chaff Warhead, 2.75 Inch FFAR
IrTITlObi 1i zer
Modified Illumination Warhead, 2.75 Inch
Shaped Charge, Antitank,
90MM and 105MM Subca1iber Trainir.g Device (CATB)
. r
8-117
8-118
8-119
B-120
8-121
8-122
B-123
B-124
B-125
15 - I tb
B-127
B-l.d3
B-129
8-130
B-131
B-132
B-133
13-134
B-135
B-136
[3 -137
B-138
13 -1 39
13 - 140
8-141
B-142
13 -143
8-144
B-145
B-146
B-147
B-148
B-; 49
B-150
[) -151
B-1 :)2
B-153
B-154
B-155
[i - FlU
B-157
B-158
S:1
G-160
c
r NTRODUCTION
FINAL PROJECT REPORT -
U. S. ARMY LAND WARFARE LABORATORY
Volume II Appendix B. Task Sheets
This Appendix contains complete descriptions of most of the R&D tasks
performed by LWL its 12 years of existence. (A I isting of GNI tasks
is included in Appendix A as Exhibit 18.) A I isting of al I tasks, grouped
by Branch, appears on pages iii through xvii. The individual task sheets give
the task number, title, level of funding, inclusive performance dates, major
contractors (where such information was readi Iy avai lable), and a description
and results of the work performed. These sheeets are arranged in the same
order as the preceding task I isting, and the only tasks not included (identified
an asterisk on the listing) are those that were terminated for various
reason3 after they were funded but before any resJlts were
dC" i eved.
'W
xvi i i
Or
It should be noted, that although the duration of many of these
taSkS was from 3 to 5 years, this does not necessari Iy indicate that LWL was
not tulfi I I ing its quick-reaction mission. Whi Ie LWL did not attain the
!8-month gOel! :n 100 percent of ;ts task efforts, for most of the tasks there
were results attained within 18 months, and then work was continued
improve the item, (t) continue otner phases of the task, in various
or (c) perform related studies that arose during performance of
the initial task. In many cases, tasks were left open for administrative
for some time after rne dctual work WdS completed. This, of course,
ties in witr) tr,c in the body of the report regarding the difficulty
by LWL in determining when a task should be terminated, and some
askS were undoubtedly rarried on further than warranted.
10 summarize, of the 51g completed for which sheets are
inr.l..Jded, 281, or 50 Dercent, were completed with'n 18 months, and another 93,
(Jr' a totiJl of 66 percf,tpt; 'tiirhin 24 months. Only 75, or 13 percent, were carried
........._, .....
Dcyr;r,(j ?, Of tr,e 38 taSKS i ncl uded that were sti II open whel' LWl w",':>
UiSVJllli .. -.jLJ, !8 r!ad heE:n activo les:, thcln 18 months and another 13 le:-.s H'dn
24 H,c:;l::: t .skS trlat were sti II open were assigned -t-c: 0ther laboratorie,,,
l ...
B-93
TASK NUMBER: 07-F-65
TITLE: Telescope and Mount/M14 Rifle
AUTHORIZED FUNDING: $2,651
TASK DURATION: 23 June 1965 to 18 October 1965
DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS: Design and develop a prototype telescope and mount
assembly to provide sniper capability for the M-14. Cal. 7.64mm Rifle. A
standard commercial rifle telescope, Bushnell Scope Chief II 3x - 9x Variable
w/cross hairs and command post was procured. Amount base, for use with
a commercial telescope mount, was designed and fabricated in-house for the M-14
Rifle. AColt Realist 3x telescope, with integral mount, was for the
M-16 Rifle. Acheek pad dssembly, standard for the M-1C, Caliber .30 Rifle
(Snipers), was modified for use with the M-14 Rifle. Commercial rain and sun
neoprene shields were procured for both telescopes.
After handling and firing tests were conducted, the two telescopes
with mounts. cheek pad assembly. rain and sun shields and mounting instructions
were shipped to Vietnam to 1st Cavalry Division (Air Mobile) in October 1965 for
evaluation. After return of the items from 1st Cavalry. the same systems were
shipped to Vietnam for the 1st Infantry Division for evaluation.
-'
____________ .........._w__- __
B-99
TITLE: Adjustab1e Ranging Telescope (ART)
TASK DURATION: 27 December 1965 to 31 August 1967
DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS: The Adjustable Ranging Telescope System consists of
fnur main components:
a. Telescope, Variable, 3x to 9x, w/stadia lines on reticle.
b. Ballistic cam attached to the variable power actuating ring of th
telescope.
c. ~ o u n t , detachable.
d. Mount base.
In operation. once the weapon has been "zeroed" at a given range. the power
a:tuating ring is adjusted so the stadia lines span 30 inches on a target of
opportunity. The ballistic cam. which is connected to the power actuating ring
changes the angle of departure of the scope/weapon such that the "zero" of the
system is adjusted tn the target range. In practice. this means that a weapon.
such as the M14, Caliber 7.62mm Rifle, has a much improved first round hit
capability from 300 meters to 900 meters.
An evaluation by ACTIV resulted in an ENSURE Request for 65 Adjustabl
Ranging Telescopes. The telescopes. the required mounting brackets and carryin
cases were shipped in October 1968. Liaison was initiated with the designated
Parent Agency, USAWECOM. so that normal supply methods could be used for future
procurements.
~ . ~ . ~ ~ ~ - ~ - - ~ - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
8-120
TITLE: Adjustable Ranging Telescope Procurement
TASK DURATION: 1 May 1968 to 24 October 1968
DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS: This task is described in Task 05-F-66.
.........._ ~ - - - - - - - ~ ~ . ~ . , .
rt t
" ,;
* EXCL E
THE PRESI
PARADE
fJ
8 0
One of (if not the) biggest problems
rifle shooters have is that of range
estimation to a target. be it big game
or an enemy target in combat. The
u.s. Marine Corps spends a great deal
of time on range-estimation training
for snipers as do the other services.
both U.S. and foreign.
The U.S. Army snipers have used
LeatheIWood scopes since Vietnam.
and the ART (automatic ranging
telescope) is still the Army scope for
the M-21 (M-14 National Match ac-
curized sniper system). Ihave learned
that the U.S. Marine Corps will be
testing the ART II on the M-14 rifle.
My theory is that they plan to team it
with their Remington sniper rifle for
sniper team protection. protection.
Jim Leatherwood invented and
pioneered the development of the
ART. and it met with great success in
Vietnam with one-snot kills out to
1000 yards.
The ART scope has evolved from
combining the LeatheIWood patented
adjustment system and mounts with
Redfield scopes and later Realist. The
10
Charles Leatherwood explains how easy It Is to adjust the range ring on the
new MPL auto-range scope.
Gung-Ho/November. 1982
The newest production (for everyone) automatic ranging scope, the MPC. For $349 it is easily in the right price range
for most serious hunters and shooters.
Left to right: Jim and Charles Leatherwood and "pusher"
Roy Riddle and their gopher getters.
current ART II scope is completely
manufactured by the Leatherwood
Brothers.
Many of you have heard of the ART
but have never seen or used one.
Since there are several ranging
scopes on the market, what's the big
deal, you might ask? Firstly, the
Leatherwood was first. Secondly, and
most important, when you complete
ranging in on a target with the
Leatherwood, you can fire point of
aim with no further adjustment.
The ART II scope is the latest scope
for the military, and at over $600 it is
not a plinker scope. With the ART II
you view a target and tum the power
ring until the side bar (heavy portion
of cross hairs) of the reticle is equal to
18 inches on the 150-meter to 450-
meter model, or is equal to one
meter (approx. 39 inches) in the 300-
ta-lOOO-meter model. For example, if
you saw an enemy soldier you would
scope him, tum the power ringwhich
zooms the scope magnification pow-
er up or down until the cross-hair bar
measured from the top of his head to
just below his waist (six-foot man
using the Army ART II which is the
300-meter to 1000-meter scope).
Once this measure matched, you
would put the center of the cross
hairs exactly where you want to hit,
and fire. No need to knowthe range-
who cares, it's all automatic.
The ART scopes have a cam ring
that is matched to the trajectory of
the bullet and ammunition used.
When you tum the power ring, you
also turn the cam which rides on
the base. and it literally raises the
scope to match the range. Just look,
range and fire; even I can do that!
Tne ART II scopes come in two
models as indicated earlier. One
model will effectively range from 150
to 450 meters, and the other from
300. to 1000 meters. You can. of
course. use hold over or hold under
for targets close in or beyond the
ranging capability of your particular
scope. The 300-to-1000-meter scope
also has a 100-meter zero position,
however.
If you choose not to use the auto-
ranging capability, you can disable it
at the twist of a small knob. You now
have a fairly ordinary 3X to 9X vari-
able scope.
The ART scopes require that you,
the user, supply Leatherwood with
your ammunition specifications and
they will install the correct ballistic
Gung-Ho/November. 1982
cam. You can, of course, own several
cams for various types of ammuni-
tion.
Recently I was invited to go down to
Stephenville, Texas (about 100 miles
from Dallas-Ft. Worth), to meet with
Jim (founder) and Charles Leatherwood
and their head honcho jack-of-all-
trades company president, RoyRiddle
(ex-SOG type), to check out their
factory (a small metal building and a
trailer) and to have a look at some
new scopes.
We first tested out the tried-and-
true ART I and II (I personally own an
ART Ill. However, the real reason for
my visit was to check out their new
MPC (military/police/civilian) scope.
Guys, if this doesn't crank your
chain, nothing will. The MPC is a
much lower-priced ($349.00) ART
scope. Through a bUSiness agree-
ment with Weaver scopes of El Paso.
Texas, the Leatherwoods have taken
Weaver's proven V-9 (3X-9X variable)
scope and coupled it with an im-
proved ART camming system. The
MPC ranges
from 200 to
600 meters
using a double cross-hair. Simplyput
your target in between the wires,
frame 18 inches and shoot. Who
cares about the distance - you'll hit
your target if you shoot straight.
The MPC is unique in that it uses
only one cam. The Leatherwoods
found that most bullets from
5.56mm through .338 magnum fol-
low nearly the same type of ballistic
trajectory curve - just the range
changes.
Their MPC uses a calibration ring
to index the right trajectory for your
ammo. Taking your ammo type and
bullet weight, you look it up on the
supplied Leatherwood chart (over
100 types and calibers!. Once de-
termined, loosen the small thumb
screw. move the calibration ring until
the number on it aligns with the cam
arrow, retighten the thumb screw
and you are ready.
The scope and rifle should (must)
be sighted in at 200 meters, At thiS
time you should also double-check
the range framer by putting an 18-
for an extra $300 plus extra cam
prices. do you need an extra Inch or
two of accuracy at 700 meters? The
milltary does. but do you? The ART II
Is of course more rugged than the
'1PC. but It Is assumed you don't
treat your hunting rifles llkean M-14
In combat - or do you?
Having used theXM-21 (nowM-21)
when I was In the Army. I was leery of
the solve-it-all MPC.
Well. It flat works! I was allowed to
test It with everything from 5.56mm
through a .338-magnum sniper rifle.
It Is right on. We then went from
scratch. setting up a Remington 700
varmint .308 rifle. After zeroing at
200 meters at the head of a hlgh-
power-ri e chicken silhouette (one-
inch uarel. I then cranked It out
and ranged in on a deer target at a
distance that turned out to be 375
yard . One hot. one kl1l: right on
target. Then I ranged another deer at
500 \'ard didn't know the dis-
tance : one hot. one kill. Finally I
ranged out 0 a ee -ram metallic
silhouette. I aimed a the hole made
by the curl of e horn fired, and
the round wen nea ' thro h the 4-
Inch-bv-2-lnch h e and did have a
spotter "1th a .ood X pe. The
distance was 600 me e I. "(N,' that's
one accurate ri e b that
MPC no shooter co d ave pulled
that shot off.
IfI soundenthu . am. asked If!
could have a pe 0 Ip otT to the
field to be comba e ed bv some
hard-charging Spectal ForceS people
and was gh'en one. he dea Is, If It
can take that kind of paln it can
handle amLhln a ercould dish
out. We \\111 upP." e Leatherwoods
with data on he c pe and will
return It for the r pee on In four
months.
They had one 0 er ew ope (still
experimental) ha _0 0 examine.
Called the Ra er I. I has a double
hOrizontal cross-hair no cam or
variable power ad] ment. If you
bracket (1 inche I a tar e between
the two wires. \ou are on at 200
meters: if the ar' e won' fit. vou are
closer. If the I greater than
200 meter and- 'ou can match a
range dot on the cross-hair for size.
you are at 300 meters: if further.
simply match the malle t dot and
It's 400 meter. This cope does
reqUire hold O\'er or hold under.
However. the qUick range estimation
Is super and the use oftheWeaverK-4
(4X) scope as the basis Is great. but
the estimated price ofS100 to $120 Is
Incredible! This scope. at this price.
will revolutionize scope big-game
hunting In this country.
Well. there you have It. Those coun-
try boys (both LeatheIWood brothers
are cattle and sheep ranchers).
coupled with hard-driving Roy Riddle
working with Weaver. are going to
tum you every which way but loose
with these new scopes. If your Inter-
est Is peaked. write them at:
LeatheIWood Enterprises
P.O. Bas: 111 GH
Stephenville, Texas 76401
(1-817-468-2719). Pr--
Gung-Ho/November. 1982 1
your job. it will do its.
How good is the new MPC?
Good question. It is not as
absolutely precise as the ART II. but
A new (not yet for sale) sunshade and lens protector. No, you can't see It In
the scope view.
Leatherwood ART II scopes (top for M-14) and a selection of ballistic cams
used to match.
inch target at 200 meters and bracket
it in the wires. Once you are on target.
fire. (All LeatheIWood scopes have
regular sight windage and elevation
knobs for fine turning.) If you did
12
TECHNICAL REPORT
C NATICK/TR-82/013
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONAL
"RATIONS
BY VERA, C. MASON
ALICE I. MEYER
DTIC
MARY V. KLICKA
AMELECTE
AUG 2 9 1983 JUNE 1982
REPRODUCED FROM
BEST AVAILABLE COPY
UNITED STATES ARMY NATICK
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LABORATORIES
NATICK, MASSACHUSETTS 01760
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED.
FOOD ENGINEERING LABORATORY
UNCLASSIFIED ____
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PACE (When 13ar* ;nferod)
REPOT ECUMNTATON AGERE~AD 1INSTRUCTIONS
_____ REPORT________________PAGE BEF.ORE COMPLI'TING F~ORM
I. REPOHT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NU., 3. 'RECIPIENT'S CATALOG, NUMBER
NATICK/TR -32/013 t*g o _________
4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 8. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED
SUMMARY OF OPERATIONAL RATIONS
Technical
S. PERFORMING ORO. REPORT NUMBER
NATICK/TR-82/01I3
7. AUTHOR(*) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMUERNa
Vera C. Mason, Alice 1, Meyer, and Mary V. Klicka
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAoIE AND ADDRESS 10, PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK
US Army Natick Research and Development Laboratories ARE272AH&9OR 9UIT0UMER
Kansas Street
1-674I19A9
Natick,-MA 01760235043
II, CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 1 OMr
US Army Natick Research & Development Laboratories im*18
ATTN: DFIDNA-WTE 13. NUMBER OF PAGES
Natick, MA 01760
132
14 7MONITORING AGENCY NAME A ADDRIKIS(if difleregil f~em Controlling Ottic.) 3.S.ECURITY CLASS. (at this report)
Unclassified
i~d, CECLDASSIEFICATIONIDOWNG1RADING
14. DISTRIBUTION STXTEMENT (at this R;pedi)
Approved for public release, distribution unlimited.
17- DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the obslst entes~red In Block 20, it different from Report)
This project was performed under Marine Corps Requirement M 79-4, Systems Analysis
tu Define the Required Types of Rations Needed to Support Amphibious Operations,
4S. KEY WORIDS (Continiue an reverse oid* it nec~essary end Idenhtif by block number)
MILITARY RATIONS MILITARY SUBSISTENCE
RATIONS OPERATIONAL RATIONS
FOOD PACKETS SURVIVAL RATIONS
RATION SUPPLEMENTS MEALS
20, AST1%ACr (CaNhows to rev.ers sh t n.eeasw owd ide~ifIty by blodok number)
"4 This study was conducted to provide baseline data (acceptance, nutrition, stability, utility,
weight and cube data, heating and noter requirements) on past and existing military operational
rations/foods to assist In systems analyses tor development of new ration concepts to meet
future Marine Corps requirements, Operational rations Include: general operational rations,
special operational subslstence, survival subsistence and ration supplements. Information
provided for each ration 'Includes components, requirements for preparation, shelf life, weight
and cube information, as well as advantages and disadvantages.
DD O M17 1473 6DITIOM OF INOV 65 15OBSOLETE. UC SFE
SECUPITY CLASSIFA tIN OF THIS PAGE (Whon Deja Entered)
PREFACE
This study was conducted to provide baseline data (acceptance, nutrition, stability, utility,
weight and cube data, heating and water requirements) on past and existing military operational
rations/foods to assist in systems analyses for development of new ration concepts to meet
future Marine Corps requirements. The Field Ration A, based primarily on perishable foods,
is not a part of this review.
This effort was undertaken in support of the Marine Corps Requirement M 79-4, Systems
Analysis to Define the Required Types of Rations Needed to Support Amphibious Operations;
for which Mr. Paul M. Short, Operations Research Systems Analysis Office (ORSAO) is the
Project Officer. Mrs. Vera C. Mason was the Project Officer for the Food Engineering
Laboratory (FEL) work unit established to support M 79-4, Food Technology Ration
Evaluation (Project 1L162724AH99AA, 23125004093).
i
The format in which information is presented follows an outline which the ORSAO
developed in order to standardize entries and facilitate computerization of specific data.
DD1 TTA "
E~uLECTE91811l . ,
S... Availt~bilit!td '
B ...
Av I ,.. o I'
1 41
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE 1
INTRODUCTION 5
GENERAL OPERATIONAL RATIONS 9
Current
Standard B Ration
10
Meal, Combat, Individual
15
Meal, Ready-to-Eat, Individual
19
Historical
Ration, Individual, Combat (C Ration) 25
K Ration
29
Ration, Small Detachment, 5 Persons 32
Meal, Landing Force, 25 Persons
36
Meal, Uncooked, 25-Man
41
Meal, Quick-Serve, 6-Man
47
Small Unit Meal, 4 Persons (SUM)
52
Future
T Ration (Tray Pack) 55
SPECIAL OPERATIONAL SUBSISTENCE
59
Current
Food Packet, In-Flight, Individual
60
Food Packet, Long Range Patrol 64
Future (under development)
Food Packet, Assault
68
Ration, Arctic
72
Historical
Ration, Individual, Trail, Frigid 76
Ration, Isolated Site, 3 Persons 80
Food Packet, Individual, Auault 85
"M" Packet
88
3
t. ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(cont'd)
SURVIVAL
SUBSISTENCE
91
Current
Food Packet, Survival, Abandon Ship
92
Food Packet, Survival, Aircraft, Life Raft
95
Food Packet, Survival, General Purpose
97
Historical
Food Packet, Survival, Arctic, SA
101
Food Packet, Survival, Tropic, ST
103
Food Packet, Survival, Abandon Aircraft
108
RATION SUPPLEMENTS
112
Current
Ration Supplement,
Aid Station
113
Ration Supplement, Sundries Pack
116
Ration Supplement,
Beverage Pack
120
Historical
Ration Supplement,
Spice Pack, Kitchen
123
Ration Supplement, Hospital
126
List of Referencs
129
4
~ j
GENERAL OPERATIONAL RATIONS
Current
Standard B Ration 1"
Meal, Combat, Individual
Meal, Ready-to-Eat, Individual
Historical
Ration, Individual, Combat
K Ration
Ration, Small Detachment, 5 Persons
Meal, Landing Force, 25 Persons
Meal, Uncooked, 25-Man*
Meal, Quick.Serve, 6-ManK
Small Unit Meal
Future
T Ration (Tray Pack)
*Prototypu only; did not advance to sapply status.
L9 I
MEAL, READY-TO-EAT, INDIVIDUAL
ABBREVIATION: MRE
DATE AVAILABLE FOR TROOP ISSUE:
When present stocks of Meal, Combat Individual and/or Food Packet, In-Flight, Individual,
as appropriate, are exhausted.
TYPE.-CLASSIFIED (date): 1975
NSN: 8970-00-149-1094
SPECIFICATION: LP/P DES 33-74C
DESIGNED FOR:
Issue to individuals where resupply is established or planned but operational conditions
preclude other meens of subsistence.
USED BY: All Military Services
RATION/MEAL CONSISTS OF:
Type of Components: All menus are based on flexibly packaged foods which are heat
processed in retortable pouches (flexible cans) or ready-to-eat dehydrated foods. Each of the
12 menus provides an entree component, crackers, a spread, an accessory packet, and a plastic
spoon. Six menus include fruit, six include cake, and five include brownies or cookies. Five
include a vegetable (beans in tomato sauce or potatoes) and seven Include cocoa beverage
powder. There are five different accessory packets. All contain coffee, cream substitute, sugar,
salt, chewing gum, matches, and toilet paper. Three accessory packets provide candy and three
an additional condiment (dehydrated catsup or soup and gravy base),
Calories: 1215 average (13.5% from protein; 39,5% from fat; and 47.0% from
carbohydrates)
NUMBER OF MENUS: 12
(12 MEALS/CASE); ONE OF EACH MENU
19
Not available
before this year
PRESENT STATUS: In current procurement.
PREPARED BY: Individuals
REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION:
Water: Drinking water for dehydrated components. All dehydrated items with the
exception of beverages, for which the requirements are the same as for the MCI (8 ounces
for each coffee and 6 ounces for each cocoa beverage), can be eaten "as is" if necessary,
Equipment: As with the MCI, fuel tablets must be provided separately, Heating of meat
components is desirable; for the retort pouch components, this can be accomplished by removing
the pouch from its carton and holding by one corner, briefly, over a direct flamc, or by heating
water in a canteen cup and immersing the pouch in the water,
CONSUMPTION OF RETORT POUCH
COMPONENT OF MRE
RECONSTITUTION OF FREEZE DRIED RETORT POUCH MEAT COMPONENT OF
MEAT PATTIE COMPONENT OF MRE MEAL, READY-TO-EAT, INDIVIDUAL
20
LU,,VI 'R I , ., r , Ili .w.4 I
MEAL, READY-TO-EAT,
INDIVIDUAL
ADVANTAGES:
The MRE is lightweight, compact, and easy to carry. Components can easily be carried
in pockets. An average MRE meal weighs eight ounces less than does the MCI. Individual
pouches are notched and thus easily opened by tearing; no can opener Is required.
Quality potential of neat processed components is greater than for the MCI because of
reduced processing time to attain required end-point temperature for sterility. Shelf life
potential, at least for the fruit and meat components, is expected to be greater than for their
MCI counterparts as the food contactont layer of the package is inert.
The MRE contains a greater variety of components than the MCI (44 compared to 35).
The test prototype also withstood airdrop delivery better than the MCI did.
MRE components are easier to carry on the person and to handle in extreme cold than
MCI components. Freezing can he prevented by carrying the pouches next to the person
and warming by body heat.
DISADVANTAGES:
The MRE was designed to be acceptable as a sole diet over a period of seven consecutive
days. The risk of monotony when used over a long period, though expected to be loss than
for the MCI, is presently unknown.
ACCEPTANCE RATING BY TROOPS:
Marked troop preference for MRE prototype over MCI in final field tests; namely,
Development Test II/Operational Test II (DTII/OTII).
COST: $48.44/box of 12 menus (1 Jul 821
SHELF LIFE Ivarious conditions):
Potentially longer serviceability than exhibited by the MCI will be established through
storage tests and surveillance data from volume-procured items.
SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE BY:
Resistance of present menu container to Insect penetration is being established. Resistance
to damage by other factors is expected to be greater for the MRE, when properly manufactured
and packaged, thin for the MCI because of the resistance of the MRE's dehydrated components
and the durability of the retortable pouch.
21
H t;-'1i.. . .VI"'I..
MEAL, FBEADY TO LAI, INDIVIDUAL
MEALRATiON CIIARACTLHI ;I (:'1;.
Weight/case 1(3 f)uI hi
Weight/meal 1,03 poundl~s, ,ipproxin'Mac~ly
(less shipping casel
Cube/case 0,03 (;ub;ic fuut
Cube/meal 0,052 cubic feut
Meals/case 12 (1 of eUch menu)
TYPE PACKAGING:
Flexible laminates (food items and accessories) 11 mil polyethylene meal package.
MEA., READY-TO-EAT, INDIVIDUAL TYPICAL MENU:
ALL COMPONENTS FLEXIBLY PACKAGED
COMMENTS:
Supply introduction is in prougruss. Oncu stocks 0W I 1 t0)liSlI(l, thu MRE will upliicu
both the MCI and Food Packet, In Flight, Individual.
22
MEAL, READY-TO-EAT,
INDIVIDUAL
MENUS
(LP/P DES 33-740W):
Menu 1: Pork Sausage Patty, Freez.Dehydroted
Catsup, Dehydrated
Cheese Spread
Applesauce
Cookies,
Chocolate
Covered
Crackers
Cocoa Beverage
Powder
Menu 2: Ham/Chicken
Loaf
Strawberries,
Freeze-Dehydrated
Peanut Butter
Crackers
Pineapple
Nut Cake
Menu 3: Beef Patty, Freeze.Dehydrlted
Soup and Gravy Base
Cheese Spread
"Beans w/Tomato
Sauce
Brownies,
Chocolate
Covered
Crackers
Candy
Menu 4: Beef Slices wIBBO Sauce
Crackers
Peache, Freeze Dehydrated
Peanut Butter
Candy
Cookies, Chocolate
Covered
Menu 5" Bee stow
Crackers
Cherry
Nut Cake
Peanut Butter
Cocoa Beverage Powder
Fruit, MIxed, Freeze Dehydrated
Menu
6:
Frankfurters
Catsup, Dehydrated
Jelly
Beans wfTomato
Sauce
Candy
Crackers
Menu 7: Turkey, Diced w/Gravy
Potato Potty, Freeze.Dehydrated
Maple Nut Cake
Crackers
Jelly
Menu 8: Beef, Diced wlGravy
Beans wfTomato
Sauce
Cheese Spread
Crackers
Brownie,
Chocolate
Covered
Menu 9: Cooked
Beef or Chicken
a Is King
Catsup, Dehydrated
Fruitcake
Crackers
Cheoe Spread
23
__ _ _ _ _ _ _. . ,-- .... .. ,,.A 4 ... . ..
,-..
MENUS (LP/P DES 33-74D)* continued
Menu 10: Meatballs w/BBQ Sauce
Potato Patty, Freeze-Dehydrated Jelly
Crackers Chocolate Nut Cake
Menu 11: Ham Slices
Crackers Orange Nut Roll
Cheese Spread Cocoa Beverage Powder
Peaches, Freeze-Dehydrated
Menu 12: Chicken Loaf or Ground Beef w/Spiced Sauce
Crackers Cookies, Chocolate Cmypred
Peanut Butter Candy
Strawberries, Freeze-Dehydrated
*All menus Include instant coffee, dry, nondairy cream substitute, granulated sugar, salt, and
candy coated chewing gum.
24
I.,dr.,r'.; ,~j,-ar~ - I( ~ v.i~
V
SPECIAL OPERATIONAL SUBSISTENCE
Current
Food Packet, in-Flight, Individual
Food Packet, Long Range Patrol
Future (under development)
Food Packet, Assault
Ration, Arctic
Historical
Ration, Individual, Trail, Frigid
Ration, Isolated Site, 3 Persons
Food Packet, Individual, Asmult
"M" Packet*
*Prototype
' 50.
...................... 741. .
FOOD PACKET, LONG RANGE PATROL
ABBREVIATION: LRP
DATE AVAILABLE FOR TROOP ISSUE: 1964
TYPE-CLASSIFIED (date): Standard A for Army use in FY68 (as interim to the Food Packet,
Individual Combat)
NSN" 8970-00-926-.9222
SPECIFICATION: MIL-F-43946
DESIGNED:
For troops in operations precluding resupply for periods of two to tsn da'., Item has
generally been Issued at the rate of one or two packets/man/day.
USED BY: All Military Services (except for Marine Corps In peacetime)
RATION/MEAL CONSISTS OF:
Types of components: Each menu provides a precooked, freeze-dehydrated entree in a
reconstitution package as the main component, with a confection, a cereal or fruitcake bar,
coffee, cream, sugar, toilet paper, matches, and a plastic spoon, Menus 1, 4, 6, 7, and 8
also contain cocoa beverage,
Calories- Approximately 1100
'1! ,A
MOOD PACKE!
LONG RANGE PATROL
64
S, it . .t' ., h It I tl'r .... ,.".......................'.....................................,........r....f.tr ,:w.,
NUMBER OF MENUS: 8
PRESENT STATUS:
In continuing procurement; requisition to Defense Personnel Support Center, Philadelphia,
PA 19101.
PREPARED BY: Individual consumer. Except for beverages, can be eaten P. is, with drinking
water.
REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION:
Water: Menus 1, 4, 6, 7, and 8, which Include cocoa, require 46. ounces per packet,
if all components are rehydrated. Menus 2, 3, and 5 require 40 ounces per packet, if all
components are rehydrated.
Equipment: Canteen cup for coffee and cocoa and useful to measure water (1/2, 1/4,
or 1/3 canteen cup as appropriate).
ADVANTAGES:
Lightweight and easy to carry. Can be eaten as Is or rehydrated rapidly with cold or
hot water. Resistant to damage In handling and free fall delivery. Apparent high acceptability,
even with prolonged consumption an the sole diet. Prolonged shelf life of major components
at elevated temperatures.
DISADVANTAGES:
Bulk freeze-dried components do not reduce volume.
COST: $2.47/PZ (1 April 1981)
SHELF LIFE (various conditions):
Although its maximum shelf life has yet to be determined, this item appears to have
better keeping quality, when properly manufactured, tnan any other packagerl ration yet
developed. It has withstood three years at 38*C (100
0
F) with only minimal effect on
serviceability.
MEAL/RATION CHARACTERISTICS:
Weight/case 36 pounds gross
Welght/packet 0.70 pounds
Cube/case 1.84 cubic feet
Cube/packet 0.046 cubic feet
Packets/case 40 (5 of each menu)
65
.
TYPE PACKAGING:
Flexible packaging, Primary package for entrees consists of an inner polyethylene bag,
which is also the reconstitution package, and an outer polyolefin-aluminum
foil-polyester barrier
bag. The menu packet bag is camouflage-colored polyethylene. The packets are packed in
fiberboard shipping boxes.
~jji
I [ 12r. 1ACKI
I
ILINCI, hANLil PAIW(11
MW'
COMMENTS:
If conditions permit, the user can prepare a familiar and acceptable hot main course In
seconds simply by adding hot water. If the situation precludes stopping to heat water, the
user can rehydrate the main component in about five minutes in cold water or even eat it
dry with drinking water on the o;Ja.
The Food Packet, LRP, was adopted as interim to the Food Packet, Individual, Combat
(see Food Packet, Assault).
66
..... ...
MENUS' (MIL-F-43846B):
Menu I Beef 4ash
Coinflake Bar, Orange, Fortified
Menu 2 Chili Con Came
Coconmt Bar, Chocolate Covered
Menu 3 Spaghetti with Moat Sauce
L.hocolate, Enriched, Sweet with Almonds
Menu 4 Beef with Rice
Cornflake Bar, Lemon, Fortified
Cocou Beverage Powder
Miiu 5 Chicken Stew
Chocolate, Enriched, Sweet with Almonds
Menu 6 Esnalloped Potatoes with Pork
Fruittoke Bar
Menu 7 Beef Stow
Vanilla Fudge, Chocolate Covered
Menu 8 Chicken and Rice
Chocolate Fudge, Chocolate Covered
*All menus include sugar, cream substitute, and two unitu of instant coffee, as well as matches,
toilet paper, and a plastic spoon.
67
, ..... .. ... , , , : .,..,, ,: `````!`% !- /`: : :% `= `` `<: ] ` ] ` ` "ii``i ",,, , . ... ,,

From: " "
To:
Sent: Sunday, April 20, 2008 7:10 PM
Subject: FW: Codes and antonyms for codename litefoot novel
Page 1of 1
5/25/2009
From: litefoot@codenamelitefoot.com [mailto:litefoot@codenamelitefoot.com]
Sent: Sunday, April 20, 2008 5:43 PM
To: i
Subject: Codes and antonyms for codename litefoot novel

Hello, ! Hey! J ust thought you might like a heads up about the novel you are about
to read. First, there are in fact antonyms in my book. General Eslesky, High Voltage, my
commanding officer in the novel is actually the opposite of General Westmoreland, my actual in
country commanding officer. East less sky =West more land.. Sergeant Carlos Hathcock, white
feather, the man that trained me in country, is actually Sergeant Heathcoat, black feather, its
antonym in the book. Major Dunn is actually Major Dunn, my CIA direct commanding officer
and the man who controlled my efforts there. Your understanding of my novels content is going
to be based on your knowledge of the past in Vietnam. To assist you in this, I included a 12 page
glossary of terms and codename assignments at the back of the book. Please look this over
before you begin reading. FYI: If you purchase a book from the publisher at ;Buybooks on the
web.com, you will get a much better product than if you purchase one from say amazon or
another outlet. The book you get directly from the publisher is 742 pages in length and is
comprised of better quality white paper and cover material. Books you get elsewhere, like from
amazon, are only 702 pages in length and are made of lesser materials, brown not white papers
atc. This is something I have no control over, sorry. Between you and I; I had to be very careful
when I wrote this novel as my neck is stretched out there pretty far. I hope you understand when
you reat it.
Robert A. Boyd / Litefoot

John Simpson
From: "Corbett Leatherwood"
To:
Cc: ; "Mike Sexton"
Sent: Wednesday, J anuary 21, 2009 1:41 PM
Subject: Re: Question About History
Page 1of 1
5/25/2009
Mr. Simpson,

Thank you for your question and you are right on in your estimation. The ART II design was finishing up for
production by the end of 1978 and filling direct sale contract with the U.S. Army in mid-1980. A great source of
information for the history of the ART can be found in Peter R. Senich's book "The Long Range War - Sniping in
Vietnam", in which my father (J im Leatherwood) worked directly with Mr. Senich, providing information and pictures.

Another source of information is Mike Sexton, who I have copied on this email. Mike was personally trained by J im
and is the only certified repair station in the world to work on the ART II. Mike also has the ability to build the ART II,
per the original ART II specifications. You can reach him using this email, or visit his website
at: http://www.ironsightinc.com/Leatherwood.html

Please let me know if I can be of continued assistance, and I wish you the best with your research.

Best Regards,

Corbett Leatherwood

-----Original Message-----
From: John Simpson
Sent: Tuesday, January 20, 2009 9:55 PM
To:
Subject: Question About History

Hi,
My name is J ohn Simpson and back in the 80's I used to teach Army snipers how to use the
ART II scope at Ft Bragg, NC.

I was trying to satisfy my curiousity about just when the Army started buying the ART II
version to replace the old Vietnam era scopes.

I've been unable to track down any paperwork to document their entry. Like I said I started
teaching in 1985 and I think that the scopes came into teh system only a little time before that.

Any help you could give would be appreciated.

Regards,
J ohn

E-mail: info@snipercentral.com
Privacy Policy

Main Equipment Snipers Sniping Info Forums Shop SC SC Series Rifles About Us Members Software
U.S. Army M21 & XM21 Sniper Weapon System
Image coutesy of Sergeant Major Pantano
Caliber: 7.62x51mm NATO (.308 Win.)
Capacity: 20 or 5 round detachable box magazine
Mechanism: Rotating bolt, gas operated, air cooled,
semi-automatic magazine fed rifle
Weight: 11.25 lbs (5.11kg)
Length: 44.1" (112cm)
Barrel: Match Grade 22 inches 1:10 RH twist
Trigger Pull: Specially tuned 4 1/2 pound match
two-stage military trigger
Sight: Redfield/Leatherwood 3-9x Automatic Ranging Telescope (ART)
Max Effective Range: 900 yards (822m)
The M21 is esentially a modified M14 National Match rifle. The earlier versions (XM21) had a specially selected walnut stock, but this
changed with the M21 to a fiberglass stock, often camoflaged. The XM21 began to be fielded in the second half of 1969 and remained the
U.S. Army's primary Sniper Weapon System until it began to be replaced by the M24 SWS in 1988. Some National Guard units and even
a few active duty units (The OPFOR at JRTC for example) still use the M21. The M21 is a very pratical sniper weapon maintaining
acceptable accuracy out to about 700 meters. Besides the problem that it is semi-auto and sends brass flying, the M21 was, and still is, a
very capable military sniper rifle. The 10th SFG, in conjuntion with the U.S. Navy SEALs has developed an improved version of the M21
known as the M25. The M25 was designed out of a need for a semi auto sniper rifle, and it was the weapon of choice for SEAL snipers
during Desert Storm. The M21 holds a dear spot in many U.S. Army snipers hearts (me included), and rightfully so.
Additional Internet Resources
Search the Internet
Shopping Categories Rifle Scopes Rifle Accessories Shooting Supplies Rifle Cases
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1 of 1 5/26/2009 5:14 PM
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Codename Litefoot Novel Excerpts
God Bl ess Amer i c a, and Espec i al l y Her Vet er ans!
Codename Litefoot Novel Excerpts
Home
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Headstone, the XM-21 W/ ARTll Telescopic sight

One shot, Two Kills
Be advised: The novel; Codename Litefoot, is based on a true story, my story, a secret
story up until now. Its subject matter centers on what I did while serving my country as an
Aircraft Mechanic in the United States Air Force, my cover, while operating as a top-secret
and highly-covert scout-sniper for the CIA in Vietnam. Persons under the age of sixteen
years, especially women, may wish to refrain from reading this novel as they may have
nightmares afterward. Some of the graphic writings follow but do not include the more
graphic included in the novel.

My book and its supporting website, codenamelitefoot.com were copyrighted by
Robert A. Boyd in 2007, all rights reserved. The Novel was also listed with the United
States Library of Congress, Washington DC and first published in the United States in
2007.

Under its copyright protections: No part of the novel: Codename Litefoot, or its
supporting website: codenamelitefoot.com, shall be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, photographic including
photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without
prior written permission of the publisher and or author. No patent liability is assumed
with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution
has been taken in the preparation of the codename litefoot novel and its supporting
website, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions.
Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the information contained
herein or in the novel: Codename Litefoot.

Codename Li t ef oot Novel Ex c er pt s

"Reacting to the intrusion of the jagged-edged blade into my skin, I swung the butt of my
rifle up and forward under the man's chin, knocking him off his feet and away from me. As the
man fell back to the ground I swung the butt of my rifle back to my side, covering my new
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