Games for the New Emerging Forces, or GANEFO (amateur athletics)

GANEFO
Dari Wikipedia Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas berbahasa Indonesia.

GANEFO atau Games of the New Emerging Forces, adalah suatu ajang olahraga tandingan Olimpiade ciptaan mantan Presiden Indonesia, Soekarno pada akhir tahun 1962. GANEFO hanya diselenggarakan sekali, yaitu tahun 1963 di Jakarta, Indonesia. GANEFO berikutnya di Kairo, Mesir tahun 1967 dibatalkan karena masalah politik.

Encyclopdia Britannica : Related Articles A selection of articles discussing this topic. Olympic Games of 1964 The 1964 Olympics introduced improved timing and scoring technologies, including the first use of computers to keep statistics. After Taiwan and Israel were excluded from the Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO), a competition that had been held in Jakarta, Indonesia, in 1963, the IOC declared that any athlete participating in that sports festival would be ineligible for the Olympics....

GANEFO I: SPORTS AND POLITICS IN DJAKARTA, Corporate Author : RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CALIF Personal Author(s) : Pauker,Ewa T. Report Date : JUL 1964 Pagination or Media Count : 29 Abstract : GANEFO proved to be an ingenious move at this stage of Indonesia's international politics. It cost Indonesia very little. The political dividends were high for Indonesia. To the underdeveloped and socialist countries Indonesia demonstrated leadership by successfully defying the old and well-established Western tradition of the Olympics. She indirectly snubbed the United States and proved herself capable of putting on a surprisingly well-organized international competition. As an instrument of political warfare, the Games were a success.

Descriptors : *POLITICAL SCIENCE, *FOREIGN POLICY, INDONESIA, INDONESIA, RECREATION, INDONESIA, PROPAGANDA, PUBLIC RELATIONS, CULTURE, GOVERNMENT(FOREIGN). Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE

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GANEFO
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The Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO) were games were set up by Indonesia in late 1962 as a counter to the Olympic Games. Established for the athletes of the so-called "emerging nations" (mainly newly independent socialist states), GANEFO made it clear in its constitution that politics and sport were intertwined; this ran against the doctrine of the International Olympic Committee, which strove to separate politics from sport. The IOC decreed that athletes attending GANEFO would be ineligible to participate in the Olympic Games. As Indonesia had established GANEFO in the aftermath of IOC censure for the politically charged 4th Asian Games which Indonesia hosted, the IOC's reaction was understandably hard-line. The USSR, in a show of solidarity, did send athletes to the first GANEFO, but in order not to jeopardize their position in the IOC, the Soviet athletes were not of Olympic caliber. GANEFO was held in one city: Jakarta, Indonesia, in 1963. One was planned for Cairo, Egypt in 1967, but this was cancelled due to political considerations.
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