8TH HOMEWORK

5.3 Linear Independence

2. Which of following sets of vectors in R3 are linearly dependent?
(a) (4, 1, 2), (4, 10, 2)
By Theorem 5.3.2, if these are linearly dependent, there is an such
that (4, 1, 2) = (4, 10, 2). Then, 4 = 4 and 2 = 2. It is
impossible. Therefore, these are inearly independent.
(b) (3, 0, 4), (5, 1, 2), (1, 1, 3)
Let (3, 0, 4)+(5, 1, 2)+(1, 1, 3) = (0, 0, 0). Then, 3 +5 +
= 0, + = 0, and 4 + 2 + 3 = 0. Therefore, = = = 0
They are linearly independent.
(c) (8, 1, 3), (4, 0, 1)
By Theorem 5.3.2, if these are linearly dependent, there is an
such that (8, 1, 3) = (4, 0, 1). Then, 1 = 0 . It is impossible.
Therefore, these are inearly independent.
(d) (2, 0, 1), (3, 2, 5), (6, 1, 1), (7, 0, 2)
By Theorem 5.3.3, they are linearly dependent.
6. (a) v1 = (1, 2, 3), v2 = (2, 4, 6), v3 = (3, 6, 0)
1

8TH HOMEWORK

No. v3 lies on a dierent line because v3 is not a multiple vector of

v1 .
(b) v1 = (2, 1, 4), v2 = (4, 2, 3), v3 = (2, 7, 6)
No. Because v3 is not a multiple vector of v1 .
(c) v1 = (4, 6, 8), v2 = (2, 3, 4), v3 = (2, 3, 4)
Yes. Because v1 = 2v2 and v1 = v2 .

5.4 Basis and Dimension

7. Find the coordinate vector of w relative to the basis S = {u1 , u2 }
for R2 .
(a) u1 = (1, 0), u2 = (0, 1); w=(3, 7)
w=3u1 7u2 . Therefore, (w)S = (3, 7).
(b) u1 = (2, 4), u2 = (3, 8); w=(1, 1)
Let w=u1 + u2 . Then, 2 + 3 = 1 = 4 + 8. So, =
3
.
14

5
,
28

5 3
Therefore, (w)S = ( 28
, 14 ).

(c) u1 = (1, 1), u2 = (0, 2); w=(a, b)

w = (a, b) = a(1, 0) + b(0, 1) = a{(1, 1) 12 (0, 2)} + 2b (0, 2) = au1 +
ba
u2 .
2

Therefore, (w)S = (a, ba

).
2

18. Determine bases for the following subspaces of R3 .

(a) the plane 3x 2y + 5z = 0.
As y = 32 x + 25 z, {(1, 32 , 0), (0, 52 , 1)} is a basis.

8TH HOMEWORK

(b) the plane x y = 0.

{(1, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1)} is a basis.
(c) the line x = 2t, y = t, z = 4t
{(2, 1, 4)} is a basis.
(d) all vectors of the form (a, b, c), where b = a + c
{(1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1)} is a basis.
19. Determine the dimensions of the following subspaces of R4 .
(a) all vectors of the form (a, b, c, 0)
{(1,0,0,0), (0,1,0,0), (0,0,1,0)} is a basis. Threrfore, the dimension
is 3.
(b) all vectors of the form (a, b, c, d), where d = a + b and c = a b
Then, (a, b, c, d) = (a, b, a b, a + b) = a(1, 0, 1, 1) + b(0, 1, 1, 1). So,
{(1, 0, 1, 1), (0, 1, 1, 1)} is a basis. Therefore, the dimension is 2.
(c) all vectors of the form (a, b, c, d), where a = b = c = d
Then, (a, b, c, d) = (a, a, a, a). So, {(1,1,1,1)} is a basis. Therefore,
the dimension is 1.