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65
65
a
{or hase a c::in this interval have:
Vab
Sc=off
R
Vc
Vb
DH
(a)
(7)
(8)
Ro
IEEE Catalog Number: CFPI21IJ-ART
462
ISBN: 978-1-4673-0113-8/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE
:
> h.
(b)
Fig3: Equivalent circuit for interval 2 (a) when Sc is on (b) when Sc is of.
Interval 3 (2n/3<wt<n/2): Normally in this interval current
though phase c is zero and phase a (Dap) and phase b (Dbn)
are conducting. Therefore, switch Sc is tured on and off
periodically. When Sc is on, -nR.IO appears across nSC2 which
forces Dcn to conduct. When switch is off, diode bridge has
its normal operation. Equivalent circuitsof this interval are
shown in fg.4.
Therefore:
Vae
R(1-n)2
Vab
R
Va
*L
Dap
Den
Sc=on
Sc=off (9)
(a)
:
(b)
Figure 4: Equivalent circuits for interval 3 (a) Sc is on (b) Sc is off
A. Calculating the averge input current
To calculate the average current through phase a,the
average of equations (6), (8) and (9) should be calculated.
Since the switching fequency is much higher than line
fequency, the line voltage can be assumed constant during
each switching fequency. Thus, by integrating the obtained
equations, current through phase a is achieved:
la =
Vab D
R(1-n)2
Vab (i-D)
R
VaeD
I
Vab (i-D)
R(1-n)2 R
(0<wt<r/6)
(r/6<wt<2r/3)
(2r/3<wt<r/2) (10)
In order to flter the curent harmonic at the switching
fequency, a LC flter should used in series with each phase.
B. Selection of n (n is the secondary to primary tus ratio for
each transformer):
An upper and lower restrictions are found for n. Once the
related switch is tured on, the voltage across the transformer
secondary side should force the diode to conduct. This will
result in a lower limitation for n.For example, during interval
I (0<wt<r/6), nVo>Vc. Where Vo is the rectifer output
voltage.
Also, during interval 1, the voltage which appears across nSa2
should not force Da to conduct. In other words, n Vo<Vb.
IV.CONTROLL CIRCUIT OF THE POPOSED PFC RECTIFIER
The control circuit for proposed system is very simple.
Only three comparators are used for determining the control
signal for each auxiliary switch. Each switch is tured on only
when corresponding phase voltage varies between -Vp/2
to+Vp/2. The obtained signalis modulated with a square wave
voltage source (V) with switching fequency of fs and duty
cycle of D. The schematic of the control circuit is shown in
Fig. 5.
vin
vii2
FigS. Schematic of the control circuit.
(a)
IEEE Catalog Number: CFPI21lJ-ART
463
ISBN: 978-1-4673-0113-8/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE
(b)
(c)
Fig.6Waveformsof the control circuit (a) phase a voltage[50V/div] (b)
v2(shown in Fig. 5) (c) Gate signal for Sa[O.2/div];Time [lOmsec/div]
V.SIMULATION RESULT
In this section simulation result of proposed three phase
rectifer is presented.
A rectifer with following parameters is simulated:
Line voltage of =180VLLnns;
Line fequency :fL=60 HZ;
Output power = 3 kW;
n=0.45;
0=0.45;
Switching fequency = 50k HZ;
Output voltage: Output voltage of the proposed rectifer is
almost same as a regular diode bridge rectifer.
Figur.7 shows the input thee phase voltages and input
curents of a regular three phase diode bridge rectifer. Fig.8- I O
shows the simulation wavefors of the proposed three phase
rectifer. Fig.8 shows the input three phase voltages and input
curents of the proposed three phase rectifer. Fig.9presents the
input voltage and current of phase a. Fig. I 0 shows the
harmonic spectrum of the input current obtained fom the
simulation results using PSIM sofware. THO of the input
current is about 7.9% and power factor is 0.98. The output
voltage is shown in fg. I I . In order to regulate the output
voltage a I uF capacitor is used. Also, in order to flter the high
fequency haronics of the phase curent a LC flter consisting
of I mH inductor and 500nF capacitor is used for each phase.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(
d
)
Figure7: input voltages and input currents of the Diode bridge rectifer (a)
Phase voltages [50V/div] (b) current of phase a (c) current of phase b (d)
current of phase c [5A/div]; Time [lOmsec/div]
(a)
(b)
........................ ............ ......................... .............. ............. .. .;. ................................; .. ............ ............. .
..................... ........1......... ...................... ........... . ................. : ................................ : .................. .......... .
(c)
(
d)
FigureS: input voltages and input currents of the proposed rectifer(a)
Phasevoltages [50V/div] (b) current of phase a (c) current of phase b (d) current
of phase c [5A/div]; Time [IOmsec/div]
Fig.9 Phase a voltage[50V/div] and current [6.25A/div];Time [lOmsec/div]
IEEE Catalog Number: CFP121IJ-ART
464
ISBN: 978-1-4673-0113-8/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE
m
1
Fig.IO. input current hamonic spectrum [2/div]; fequency [0.5KHzdiv]
L
Fig.11 Output voltage [50V/div]; Time [lOmsec/div]
VI.CONCLUSION:
This paper has presented a new topology to reduce the
harmonic content of the thee phase rectifer. Three switches
and three high fequency transformers are applied to shape the
input AC currents especially at the voltage zero crosses.
Hence input current is proportional to the input voltage. The
proposed converter is analyzed and simulation results are
presented which justifes the theoretical analysis. The
proposed topology includes the following feature:
1. No current sensor is needed.
2. Simple structure and control strategy.
3. Low cost and high reliability.
4. High power factor and low THD
Simulation results shows that the proposed auxiliary circuit
increses the power factor fom 0.94 to 0.98.
REFERENCES
[I] R.A .Rached, H.Y. Kanaan, K .AI-Haddad, "Three-phase rectifer with
an active current injection and a single high-frequency
inductor", Energ Conversion Congess and Exposition (ECCE), 2010
IEEE, On page(s): 2074 - 2078, Volume: Issue: , 12-16 Sept. 2010
[2] N. Vazquez, H. Rodriguez, C. Hernandez, E. Rodriguez and 1.
Arau,"Three-phase rectifer with active current injection and high
efciency", IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vo1.56, No.1, pp. 110-
119. 2009
[3] E. L. M. Mehl and I. Barbi "A improved high power factor and low
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[4] J. Marafao , J. Pomilio and G. Spiazz "Improved three-phase high
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[5] P. Pejovic "A novel low-harmonic three-phase rectifer", IEEE Trans.
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[6] P. Pejovic and Z. Janda "A analysis of three-phase low-harmonic
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[7] P. Pejovic "Three-phase high power factor rectifer based on the third
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[8] P. Pejovic and Z. Janda "Three phase rectifers that apply optimal
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[9] I.Ashida ; 1. Itoh ;," A Novel Three-Phase PFC Rectifer Using a
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IEEE Catalog Number: CFP121lJ-ART
465
ISBN: 978-1-4673-0113-8/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE