2012 Third International Conference on Intelligent Systems Modelling and Simulation

Step-Down Three Phase Converter

Atan, M.A.; Othman, Z.; Al Junid, S.A.M.; Haron, M.A.
Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. mdafandibinatan@yahoo.com
Abstract This paper describe the step down three phase ac/dc converter involving a simple topology of 6 ideal switches using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation model. This project consists of two parts. First part is ac-to-dc converter and the second parts are consisting of buck converter. In this project use the fast control strategy of three phases ac/dc by pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter and the input current is regulated to be sinusoidal and the source power factor can be controlled at unity. This project considered the total harmonic distortion (THD) which was defined as the power summation ratio of all harmonic components to the fundamental frequency power. The result of MATLAB/SIMULINK was analysed at the end of this paper/project. Keywords three phase rectifier, buck converter, pwm, total harmonic distortion(THD), modulation, pulse-width modulation (PWM).

II.

LITERATURE SURVEY

In this paper concluded two objective which is to study how to convert three phase ac supply to dc supply with controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM). Next objective is to study how to step down the dc voltage using buck converter. A. Three phase Rectifier Three-phase controlled rectifiers have a wide range of applications, from small rectifiers to large High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems. They are used for electro-chemical process, many kinds of motor drives, traction equipment, controlled power supplies, and many other applications. The three-phase bridge rectifier circuit has three-legs, each phase connected to one of the three phase voltages. At any time, one switching from each half conducts when there is current flow. If the phase sequence of the source be red, yellow and blue the switch are triggered in the sequence S1, S2 , S3 , S4, S5 and S6 as shown in figure 1.

I.

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, a variety of power electronics equipment with three phase AC/DC converter in industry and power system which are increasingly used and cause a significant inherent problems of reactive power generation and higher harmonic currents flowing into the utility power source. This practical problem become more and more serious as the handling power capacity of AC/DC converter becomes larger. The practical application of three phase PWM converter used in place of switch control converter in order to solve these serious problems. Commonly pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter is used for application such as interruptible power supply (UPS) system or industrial ac drive system. The attractive features of them are constant dc-voltage, low harmonic distortion of utility currents and bidirectional power flow [1]. In order to reduce the higher line current harmonic into the utility power source in current-fed three phase converter, it is more advantageous to use an optimum PWM switching patterns which are effective to obtain less low-order harmonics of line current[2-8]. When designing a threephase PWM AC/DC converter, some consideration are the same implementing a three-phase voltage source inverter such as the same power circuit structure and the modulation strategy. The space vectors modulation index has the advantages of improved harmonic performance [4].

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Figure 1. Basic Three phase AC/DC circuit

B. Buck converter A buck converter is a step-down DC to DC converter. DC-DC converter is the most popular power supply in industry product[9]. Generally any basic switched power supply consists of five standard components as shown in figure 2. I. pulse-width modulating controller II. transistor switch III. inductor IV. capacitor V. diode.

978-0-7695-4668-1/12 $26.00 2012 IEEE DOI 10.1109/ISMS.2012.89

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D. Total harmonic distortion An electrical system supplies power to loads by delivering current at the fundamental frequency. Only fundamental frequency current can provide real power. Current delivered at harmonic frequencies doesn't deliver any real power to the load. This THD can affect the power system and the distribution equipment. It also may directly or indirectly to destruction of load or make a loss of product. THD may cause the transformer to overheat and finally become failure even though the loaded are not fully. III. METHODOLOGY

Figure 2. Basic Three phase AC/DC circuit

C. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) Pulse width modulation is used to reduce the total power delivered to a load without resulting in loss, which normally occurs when a power source is limited by a resistive element. In PWM control, the converter switches are turned on and off several times during half cycle and the output voltage ic controlled by varying the width of pulse. The gate signals are comparing a triangular wave with a dc signal. The lower order harmonic can be eliminated or reduced by selecting the number of pulse per half cycle. However, increasing the number of pulses would also increase the magnitude of higher order harmonic, which is easily be filtered out. In order to reduce the higher line current harmonics flowing into the unity power source, it is advantageous to use an optimum PWM switching patterns which includes less low-order harmonics of line current[10]. Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a powerful technique for controlling analogue circuits with a processor's digital outputs. PWM is employed in a wide variety of applications, ranging from measurement and communications to power control and conversion. In figure 3 shows the carrier with input signal and the output after PWM.

A. Flow chart In this part, it showed the step how to complete this project. All step are followed this methodology of flow chart as shown in figure.4. B. Mode operation of Step Down Three Phase Converter In this section it shows the block diagram of overall project as shows in figure 7. In this block diagram it show the arrangement of source, rectifier, PWM and also buck converter. C. Circuit topology There have several steps to complete this project before to get the full circuit as shown in Figure 7 which is to complete the pulse-width modulation (PWM), three phase AC/DC converter and buck converter circuit.

Figure 3. Carrier waveform, input signal and the output waveform in PWM

Figure 4. Carrier waveform, input signal and the output waveform in PWM

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i. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) Figure 5 shows the structure for generating the digital pulse-width modulation (PWM). For this case there must have a three different for switching because three phase rectifier have a 6 switch must be controlled by PWM.

iii. Buck converter Figure 8 shows the basic circuit of buck converter. In this buck converter consist of pulse, mosfet, diode inductance, capacitance and load. Pulse generator use to control the mosfet.

Figure 5. Circuit of Pulse-width modulation

Figure 8. Circuit of Buck converter

ii. Three phase converter Figure 6 shows the circuit of three-phase converter. In this circuit there consist of six ideal switch because to convert the three phase source. It also type of full wave converter with RL load.

IV.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) Figure 9 shows the input signal waveform and figure 10 shows the carrier waveform in PWM. The figure 11 shows the result after process in PWM which is after comparing carrier waveform with input signal.
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

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Figure 6. Circuit of Three phase converter

Figure 9. Input signal in PWM

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Figure 7. Block diagram of Step Down Three Phase Converter

Figure 10. Carrier waveform in PWM

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1 0.9 0.8

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Figure 11. Comparing between carrier waveform with input signal

Figure 14. Output voltage of three phase AC/DC converter

B. Rectifier Figure 12 shows the input voltage source use in this project. In this project use a three phase supply which is 415V AC. In this figure show the different of angle at each source which is 00, 1200 and 2400.. Figure 13 shows the combination of all input current. Then in figure 14 shows the output voltage of the rectifier
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C. Buck converter The second part of this project is the buck converter. Figure 15 shows the output of buck converter after step down from the result DC voltage in three phase rectifier. In this figure show the output of buck are nearest to 190V DC. Figure 16 shows the output current of the buck converter
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Figure 15. Output voltage of Buck converter

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Figure 12. Input Voltage at rectifier

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Figure 16. Output current of Buck converter

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Figure 13. Combination input current in phase 1,2 and 3

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D. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) In figure 17 shows the input current of this step down three phase converter. The harmonic spectra for input current are shown in figure 18. The THD of the input current are 3.66%.

REFERENCES
Article in a conference proceedings: [1] L. Dong-Choon, et al., "DC-bus voltage control of three-phase AC/DC PWM converters using feedback linearization," Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 36, pp. 826-833, 2000. [2] Y. Konishi, et al., "Current-fed three-phase rectifier with optimum PWM-based sinewave line current shaping and unity power factor correction schemes," in Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, 1997. IECON 97. 23rd International Conference on, 1997, pp. 888-894 vol.2. [3] Y. Konishi and M. Nakaoka, "Current-fed three-phase converter with optimum PWM scheme and its practical input line filter design," Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings -, vol. 145, pp. 535543, 1998. [4] C. Longchun, et al., "An improved predictive control for three-phase PWM AC/DC converter with low sampling frequency," in Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, 1994. IECON '94., 20th International Conference on, 1994, pp. 399-404 vol.1. [5] S. R. S. Raihan and N. A. Rahim, "Modeling of FPGA-based pulsewidth modulation for parallel three-phase AC/DC converters," in Technical Postgraduates (TECHPOS), 2009 International Conference for, 2009, pp. 1-3. [6] E. S. Kim, et al., "A leading current compensation control in three phase PWM AC/DC converter," in Telecommunications Energy Conference, 1996. INTELEC '96., 18th International, 1996, pp. 556561. [7] C. Longchun and F. Blaabjerg, "A three-phase predictive PWM AC/DC converter with phase compensation and space vector control," in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1995. APEC '95. Conference Proceedings 1995., Tenth Annual, 1995, pp. 863-869 vol.2. [8] Y. Konishi, et al., "Current-fed three phase PWM converter with sinewave line current shaping scheme and its practical input filter design procedure," in Industrial Electronics, 1997. ISIE '97., Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on, 1997, pp. 294301 vol.2. [9] L. Premalatha and P. Vanajaranjan, "Spectral Analysis of DC-DC Buck Converter with Chaotic Dynamics," in INDICON, 2005 Annual IEEE, 2005, pp. 605-608. [10] Y. Konishi, et al., "Current-fed three-phase PWM power factor correction converter," in Telecommunications Energy Conference, 1997. INTELEC 97., 19th International, 1997, pp. 352-358.

Figure 17. Input current waveform

Figure 18. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD

V.

CONCLUSION

This paper has presented the simulation of step down three phase converter. By using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software students or power converter engineers are provided with powerful simulation and control tool for power converters. Several AC/DC and DC/DC converter have been successfully simulated. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank to everyone for their helps and supports in completing this project especially to Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) for providing laboratory facilities, and also to Research Management Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, (UiTM) for funding this research through Research Excellence Fund.

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