The Ingeniuer

THE
MAR 2012 MAy 2012
VOL.53
INGENIEUR
LEMBAGA JURUTERA MALAYSIA BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA
EIFFELFACE OF PARIS TOWER THE ICONIC

RENEWAbLE ENERGy
the planets second chance
ENGINEERS IN ACTION
RoBest YonG
THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER
A New Standard in R&D
Since its inception in 2004, the Construction Research Institute of Malaysia (CREAM) has established itself as the premier body for construction and engineering R&D initiatives in Malaysia. With the launch of its state-of-the-art laboratory Makmal Kerja Raya Malaysia (MKRM) in 2009, the research arm of the countrys Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) continues to expand its vision for R&D excellence, bringing the latest in testing and technological advances to bear.
Makmal Kerja Raya Malaysia, IBS Centre, 1st Floor, Block E, Lot 8, Jalan Chan Sow Lin, 55200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Cementing CREAMs status as the leading centre of excellence in the construction industry are the following:
Focusing on Green construction and sustainable practices, and the alignment of its R&D initiatives with the core elements in modern-day construction: energy, environment, economy and society. Conducting ongoing R&D collaborations with leading domestic and foreign educational and research bodies. Offering a comprehensive range of services and facilities for full scale structural component testing, supplemented by a team of highly-trained professionals. Pioneering the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in Malaysia for concrete cube testing.
Tel: +603 9281 0800 Fax: +603 9282 4800
Conducting simulation tests to gauge a buildings resilience in withstanding seismic activity. Supporting national quality control initiatives by offering testing services for imported steel and iron construction products. Promoting the CIDBs Technical Opinion Programme for evaluating Industrialise Building Systems (IBS), products, technologies and innovation initiatives for construction. Providing consultancy services to industry stakeholders, government agencies and research institutions.
Website: www.cream.com.my
THE
INGENIEUR
INGENIEUR looks at some of the recent goings-on and updates from the engineering world, from the worlds tallest building to the smallest memory device yet.
THE
Global ENGINEERING NEws
8 10 12 14 16 18
Norways aker Comes To Pekan worlds Tallest building on Track In Jeddah The Resilient Tunnel Project Miniaturised Magnetic Memory water as an alternative lubricant a Hydrogen Powered Commute
CONTENTS
24 securing The Future
As the world tries to wean itself off fossil fuel dependence, we take a look at the efforts being made to diversify our energy sources and at the same time protect the environment.
20 The Construction Industry Payment and adjudication act 2011

This new law focuses on speedy dispute resolutions and regulating payments within the construction industry.
30 a History of links
THE
INGENIEUR examines the milestone discoveries and developments that birthed the modern suspension bridge.
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37 speeding Towards answers
Hailed as the Mecca for physicists, CERNs Large Hadron Collider is a testament to humanitys achievements in the field of engineering as well as physics.
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40 settling Differences Through law
presents a practitioners perspective by Ir. Harbans Singh.
60 Robest Yong
42 Tan sri stanley Edward Jewkes
Innovation is the heart and soul of engineering and in this issue we explore his career and his love of simplicity.
We honour the life and times of a great engineer and a gentleman, whose contribution to the local engineering fraternity is immeasurable.
66 a Next Generation of Reactors
CONTENTS
50 The Eiffel Tower
This quintessential Parisian tourist attraction is often viewed as a landmark, and not as the engineering icon it deservedly is. THE INGENIEUR takes a closer look at this technical masterpiece.
The events in Japan over the past year have re-ignited the worlds interest in this often misunderstood hallmark of modern technology. THE INGENIEUR investigates the latest in reactor technology and what makes it tick.
74 The latest Gadgets
We look at the latest gadgets which are rocking the world of engineering.
78 lighter Moments
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THE
ingEniEUr
Editorial committEE
Advisor
mEmbErs of thE board of EnginEErs malaysia (bEm) 2010-2012

President Secretary Registrar
YBhg Dato Sri Ir. Dr Judin Abdul Karim Ir. Ruslan Abdul Aziz Ir. Hizamul-Din Ab. Rahman
YBhg Dato Sri Ir. Dr Judin Abdul Karim
Chairman Editor
YBhg Dato Ir. Abdul Rashid bin Maidin Ir. Fong Tian Yong
Members
Members
YBhg Tan Sri Prof Ir. Dr Mohd Zulkifli bin Tan Sri Mohd Ghazali YBhg Dato Ir. Hj Ahmad Husaini bin Sulaiman YBhg Dato Ir. Dr Johari bin Basri YBhg Datuk (Dr) Ir. Abdul Rahim bin Hashim YBhg Dato Ir. Abdul Rashid bin Maidin YBhg Dato Jaafar bin Shahidan YBhg Datuk Ir. John Anthony Ir. Wong Siu Hieng Ir. Henry E Chelvanayagam Ir. Dr Abdul Majid bin Dato Abu Kassim Ir. Tan Yean Chin Ir. Gopal a/l Narian Kutty Ir. Prof Dr Lee Teang Shui Ir. Chong Pick Eng Ir. Li Thang Fai Ar. Mohamed Hafiz bin Mohd Hashim
Ir. Henry E Chelvanayagam Prof Ir. Dr K S Kannan Ir. Prem Kumar a/l M Vasudevan Ir. Mohd Rasid bin Osman Ir. Dr Zuhairi bin Abdul Hamid Ir. Ali Askar bin Sher Mohamad Ir. Prof Dr Awaluddin Mohamad Shaharun Mr. Zamani bin Zakariah
Executive Director
Ir. Ashari Mohd Yakub

The Ingenieur is published by the Board of Engineers Malaysia (Lembaga Jurutera Malaysia) and is distributed free of charge to registered Professional Engineers. The statements and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the writers. BEM invites all registered engineers to contribute articles or send their views and comments to the following address:
Communications & IT Department Lembaga Jurutera Malaysia Tingkat 17, Ibu Pejabat JKR Jalan Sultan Salahuddin, 50580 Kuala Lumpur Tel: 032698 0590 Fax: 032692 5017 Email: bem1@streamyx.com / publication@bem.org.my Website: http://www.bem.org.my
Conceptualised, Produced, and Published for The Board of Engineers Malaysia by
AMG Holdings International Sdn Bhd (356247-V) No 10-3A, Jalan PJU 8/3, Damansara Perdana, 47820, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Tel: 6037729 4886 Fax: 6037729 4887 Website: www.amginternational.net Editorial email: clientservice@amginternational.net Marketing email: marketing@amginternational.net
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The
ingEniEur
be able to compete with the fast pace of technological development. In the Knowledge Society, it is fundamental to recognise innovation as a competitive advantage that must be developed and embraced. It must also be recognised that innovation cannot be separated from science and technology. It is imperative to put in place an integrated innovation system, which implies new attitudes, forms of organisation, and the promotion of a greater collaboration between the public and private sectors. The innovation model must evolve as a result of collective learning and constant adaptation, in response to the turbulence originating from transition and from market forces. The process of productive innovation converging with the role of governments to promote and support is fundamental. Developing competitive advantages in the productive sector consists in part of having access to an innovation model that includes its critical relations with the process of value generation, is adjusted to current reality, includes both science and technology, and can be put into practice. Engineers should participate in programmes that disseminate
foreword
innovation concepts in communities concerned with productive activities, so that science and technology can be better known and understood and thus better utilised. This vision is my parting message to all readers, as after 5 years at the helm of BEM I have moved to another position. I would like to take this opportunity to emphasise two aspects of my wonderful experience as the President of BEM. The first is my realisation that the Board can have a much greater impact on our profession than I had ever imagined. Secondly, I cannot overemphasise how much I cherish the quality of the people with whom I have interacted. From the leadership of board members through to the participants of committees, journal activities and meetings, I would like to express gratitude for all of the hard work and dedication that enabled BEM to soar to great heights. I have full confidence that you will render similar support to my successor, Dato Seri Ir. Mohd Noor bin Yaacob.
ChAmpioning innovAtion
Malaysian engineers contributed tremendously in transforming our nation from an agriculture-based economy to a manufacturing and knowledge-based industry, and are now facing the challenge of shifting to an innovation-led economy. The present demand for new products in an evolving economy requires engineers to venture beyond their traditional domain. Innovation, science, and technology are concepts that must become part of the new corporation culture. Firms, regardless of size, sector, and context of their productive activities, must
Dato Sri Ir. Dr Judin bin Abdul Karim President, Board of Engineers Malaysia
and in this edition we examine his success and what drives him. We also pay tribute to the life and work of Tan Sri Stanley Edward Jewkes whose contributions to the public works sector in Malaysia have left an indelible mark on our nations landscape. Talking about famous structures, TheingEniEur also visits the famed Eiffel Tower in Paris, to see why it is not just a stereotypical tourist attraction but also an undoubted engineering icon. We hope TheingEniEur will continue to be the gateway to your understanding of the latest issues and the trends which are taking place in the exciting world of engineering and innovation.
EnginEEring At thE ForEFront

It gives me great pleasure to introduce the second edition of TheingEniEur for 2012, which will be focusing on the key issues affecting the Malaysian engineering sector, both now and in the future. The challenges facing this sector make it an extremely interesting time to be an engineer. The problems of going nuclear were brought home to the world by last years disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan. We will explore the latest developments in reactor technology and the potential for Malaysia, as the country seeks to develop its own nuclear energy programme and cut its reliance on fossil fuels.
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Another contentious issue is the Lynas Advanced Material Plant (LAMP) in Kuantan. This has stirred passionate public debate on its safety aspects, and in this issue we will take a look beyond the politics and uncover the bare facts by discussing the rare-earth metals the plant will produce and the consequent radioactive waste. We also recognise engineers who are leading the drive towards sustainable environmentally friendly engineering innovation. TheingEniEur looks at how they are developing and promoting new forms of renewable energy, and the invaluable by-products of their ingenuity and passion. Ultimately engineering is not written in black and white, but is rather the result of those who dare to think outside the box and who are not afraid to present their ideas to the world. Robest Yong is one such example
Dato Ir. Abdul Rashid bin Maidin Chairman, Editorial Board, The Ingenieur
THE
INGENIEUR
LOCAL ENGINEERING NEWS
NoRways akER ComEs To PEkaN

Above: Aker Solutions plant in Pekan will greatly benefit the local engineering sector with skill and technology transfer. Left: Umbilicals are sophisticated tubes which require high-end manufacturing expertise.
LOCAL ENGINEERING NEWS
Oil and gas firm Aker Solutions which currently has a facility in Port Klang which manufactures complete subsea production systems, will be investing in a RM184 billion plant to manufacture steel tube umbilicals in Pekan, Pahang. The facility is due to begin operations by the end of 2013, and according to Aker Solutions Asia Pacific Umbilicals President Crawford Tennant, it will be the first such plant in the region.
Umbilicals are basically high precision tubes designed to supply consumables such as chemicals to subsea oil and gas wells, and also electrical cables meant for remote control functions. With the project it is expected more value-added jobs will be available to Malaysians, as well as an opportunity to engage in highend and precision manufacturing processes. This development will greatly benefit the local engineering sector in terms of technology and skills transfer. It will not only be a boost for Malaysian manufacturing but also a boost for its reputation as an important player in the oil and gas sector.
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THE
INGENIEUR
GLOBAL ENGINEERING NEWS
The Kingdom Tower is being built in the northern outskirts of Jeddah with the hope that this development will greatly benefit the surrounding locality.
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woRlds TallEsT TowER oN TRaCk IN JEddah

Kingdom Holding Companys Chairman Prince Alwaleed bin Talal has announced that the construction of Jeddahs Kingdom Tower or Burj al Mamlakah, which is set to become the worlds tallest building, will be completed in 63 months.
The structure which is set to be the first to surpass the 1000m mark will be at least 173m taller than the existing Burj Khalifa in Dubai, currently the tallest building in the world. Designed by Chicago based architect Adrian Smith from the firm of Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture (AS+GG), it will comprise more than 200 storeys with a projected floor area of 319,000 to 530,000 square metres. The design incorporates a triangular footprint and sloped exterior to reduce wind loads which will put undue stress on the building due to its immense height. There will be 59 elevators, including 5 double decks. None will go from the ground floor to the topmost floor as the height would demand an impractical motor size. Instead three sky lobbies will facilitate elevator exchanges. With a structural system based on reinforced concrete, steel and an all glass exterior facade, the Kingdom Towers revolutionary design and height will certainly push the very edges of structural engineering to the limit, and undoubtedly spark a new race to the top as far as super skyscraper designs go.
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ThE REsIlIENT TUNNEl PRojEcT

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Other than a terrorist attack, the biggest nightmare any mass transit authority can ever imagine is widespread flooding, fire or gas leaks in a subway tunnel. The United States Department of Homeland Security through its Science and Technology Directorate has come up with a giant plug to soothe a potentially gigantic headache.
The obvious solution is to construct rigid floodgates which block of sections of tunnels, but these are bulky and expensive. However, an alternative solution was found a 32-feet long, 16-feet wide tube that inflates to close off tunnels and prevent disasters from affecting entire subway lines and trapped commuters. Capable of inflating to a volume of
up to 35,000 gallons, these plugs can be wall-mounted and remotely deployed. And they cost less than US$500,000 to develop decidedly cheaper than floodgates. Fa b r i c i s o bv i o u s l y a m aj o r c ons i d e r at i on , re qu i r i ng l ow permeability and high resistance to tearing, and the solution came literally from outer space the landing bags from NASAs Mars Rover. It has a three layer design, with the outermost layer made from Vectran a manufactured fibre spun from liquid crystal polymer, which is woven in a webbing design for additional strength. With options for inflation including water, high pressure pumps and high capacity air compressors plus its remote controlled facility, mass transit authorities will soon have an affective, economical and practical way to manage disaster. The affordability means that multiple units can be used in a single line, and also conform to individual system configurations.
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Above and top right: The difficulty of effectively blocking off sections of subway tunnels, contain a potential disaster and allow commuters to escape has been addressed by an inflatable and more affordable fabric plug.
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MINIaTURIsEd MaGNETIc MEMoRy

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Researchers at IBM have created the smallest ever magnetic memory bit, consisting of only twelve iron atoms.
These twelve atoms have to be painstakingly arranged using a very expensive and complex microscope. They produce data storage arrays that are a hundred times denser than any storage device currently available. However the data can only be held for a few hours at temperatures approaching absolute zero.
It will not be found in any consumer devices anytime soon. The technology required for the large scale manufacturing at the single atom scale does not exist yet, says Andreas Heinrich leader of the IBM Almaden research group. They are actively working on building computer elements, atom by atom in a lab. While the man on the street is still a long way from enjoying the benefits of miniscule storage devices, this major breakthrough in miniaturisation technology nonetheless heralds the immense potential for ultraminiaturised data storage, and indicates that new discoveries in the field of shrinkage have by no means peaked.
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Above and top right: In the race to miniaturise memory devices such as thumb-drives and hard-discs, scientists at IBM have engineered an atomic scale memory device which may lead to more miniaturisation in the future.
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WatER as aN altERNatIvE lUbRIcaNt
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Left and above: An increase in viscosity has been discovered to be the key behind the viable use of water as a cooling lubricant, and it is a more environmentally friendly alternative to the mineral oils that are currently being used.
German researchers have discovered a way of using water as a cooling lubricant which prevents work tools from overheating. Many industrials such as drilling, milling and grinding currently use mineral oils which are a source of pollution and potentially detrimental to human health.
The key to matching the cooling performance of the mineral oils was increasing the viscosity of water. This is achieved by using biopolymer additives to increase the viscosity of water from 1 mPas to 40 mPas. Oil has a viscosity of 25-40 mPas. With the addition of other water soluble additives, the lubricant can also be used as an anti corrosion agent. This technology was developed by researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV in Freising, in a project supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research. The new lubricant has won the German Raw Material Efficiency Prize in December 2011, and is currently being commercially produced under the name BERUFLUID.
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a HydRoGEN PoWEREd commUtE
Powered by hydrogen fuel cells, the zero emissions boat named the Hydrogenesis is considered a significant achievement that will hopefully lead to the further advancement of fuel call development technology.
In a leap forward for environmentally friendly shipping, a 12 seater passenger ferry plying the waters of Bristol Harbour in England is being powered by a hydrogen fuel cell. Dubbed the Hydrogenesis, the boat will utilise hydrogen and oxygen to produce energy and will have water and heat as its by-products.
The zero emissions ferry was built by Bristol Hydrogen Boats and its fuel cell was designed by Auriga Energy. As Managing Director and fuel cell designer Jas Singh says, Its a steel welded fuel cell powered boat that has been built to demonstrate boats can run on fuel cells. The 12kW hydrogen fuel cell will allow the ferry to travel at speeds of 6 to 10 knots. According to Singh, the challenge to the boats design was the management of its power in accordance with the
demands of the boats pilot and the throttle. The power management unit which was also designed by Auriga Energ y overcame that problem. With the worlds shipping primarily dependent on diesel for its fuel, the development of Hydrogenesis will open up possibilities for the development of more sophisticated fuel cells which will be able to power much larger boats, and eventually help significantly reduce the use of diesel by the global shipping industry.
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THe
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policies and guidelines

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Engineering policies and guidelines are constructed to ensure that projects are in accordance with the gold standard of safety, are aligned with the national agenda and meet internationally-recognised levels of quality. In this issue of THe INGENIEUR, we focus on the extracts of the Construction Industry and Payment Adjudication Act 2011, which provides mechanisms for speedy dispute resolution and payment recovery in the construction industry.
THe CoNstRUCtIoN INdUstRy PaymENt aNd adjUdICatIoN aCt 2011
he construction industry payment and adjudication act 2011 is an act to facilitate regular and timely payment, to provide a mechanism for speedy dispute resolution through adjudication, to provide remedies for the recovery of payment in the construction industry and to provide for connected and incidental matters.
RElEvaNt ExtRaCts FRom thE aCt Payment claim

5. (1) An unpaid party may serve a payment claim on a non-paying party for payment pursuant to a construction contract. (2) The payment claim shall be in writing and shall include (a) the amount claimed and due date for payment of the amount claimed; (b) details to identify the cause of action including the provision in the construction contract to which the payment relates; (c) description of the work or services to which the payment relates; and (d) a statement that it is made under this Act.
Right to refer dispute to adjudication

7. (1) An unpaid party or a non-paying party may refer a dispute arising from a payment claim made under section 5 to adjudication. (2) The right to refer a dispute to adjudication shall only be exercised after the expiry of the period to serve a payment response as specified under subsection 6(3). (3) A dispute referred to adjudication under this Act is subject to the Limitation Act 1953 [Act 254], Sabah Limitation Ordinance [Cap. 72] or Sarawak Limitation Ordinance [Cap. 49] as the case may be.
Payment response
6. (1) A non-paying party who admits to the payment claim served on him shall serve a payment response on the unpaid party together with the whole amount claimed or any amount as admitted by him. (2) A non-paying party who disputes the amount claimed in the payment claim, either wholly or partly, shall serve a payment response in writing on the unpaid party stating the amount disputed and the reason for the dispute. (3) A payment response issued under subsection (1) or (2) shall be served on the unpaid party within ten working days of the receipt of the payment claim. (4) A non-paying party who fails to respond to a payment claim in the manner provided under this section is deemed to have disputed the entire payment claim.
adjudication and decision

12.(1) The adjudicator shall conduct the adjudication in the manner as the adjudicator considers appropriate within the powers provided under section 25. (2) Subject to subsection 19(5), the adjudicator shall decide the dispute and deliver the adjudication decision within (a) forty-five working days from the service of the adjudication response or reply to the adjudication response, whichever is later; (b) forty-five working days from the expiry of the period prescribed for the service of the adjudication response if no adjudication response is received; or (c) such further time as agreed to by the parties. (3) An adjudication decision which is not made within the period specified in subsection (2) is void.
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(4) The adjudication decision shall be made in writing and shall contain reasons for such decision unless the requirement for reasons is dispensed with by the parties. (5) The adjudication decision shall also determine the adjudicated amount and the time and manner the adjudicated amount is payable. (6) The adjudicator shall serve a copy of the adjudication decision, including any corrected adjudication decision made under subsection (7), on the parties and the Director of the KLRCA. (7) The adjudicator may at any time correct any computational or typographical error on the adjudicators own initiative or at the request of any party. (8) The enforcement of the adjudication decision shall not be affected in any way by a request for correction under subsection (7) and any correction made is deemed take effect from the date of the original adjudication decision. (9) The Evidence Act 1950 [Act 56] shall not apply to adjudication proceedings under this Act.
duties and obligations of the adjudicator

24. The adjudicator shall at the time of the acceptance of appointment as an adjudicator make a declaration in writing that (a) there is no conflict of interest in respect of his appointment; (b) he shall act independently, impartially and in a timely manner and avoid incurring unnecessary expense; (c) he shall comply with the principles of natural justice; and (d) there are no circumstances likely to give rise to justifiable doubts as to the adjudicators impartiality and independence.
Powers of the adjudicator

25. The adjudicator shall have the powers to (a) establish the procedures in conducting the adjudication proceedings including limiting the submission of documents by the parties; (b) order the discovery and production of documents; (c) set deadlines for the production of documents; (d) draw on his own knowledge and expertise; (e) appoint independent experts to inquire and report on specific matters with the consent of the parties; (f) call for meetings with the parties; (g) conduct any hearing and limiting the hearing time; (h) carry out inspection of the site, work, material or goods relating to the dispute including opening up any work done; (i) inquisitorially take the initiative to ascertain the facts and the law required for the decision; (j) issue any direction as may be necessary or expedient; (k) order interrogatories to be answered; (l) order that any evidence be given on oath; (m) review and revise any certificate issued or to be issued pursuant to a construction work contract, decision, nstruction, opinion or valuation of the parties or contract administrator relevant to the dispute; (n) decide or declare on any matter notwithstanding no certificate has been issued in respect of the matter; (o) award financing costs and interest; and (p) extend any time limit imposed on the parties under this Act as reasonably required.
Effect of adjudication decision

13. The adjudication decision is binding unless (a) it is set aside by the High Court on any of the grounds referred to in section 15; (b) the subject matter of the decision is settled by a written agreement between the parties; or (c) the dispute is finally decided by the arbitrator or the court.
appointment of adjudicator
21. An adjudicator may be appointed in the following manner: (a) by agreement of the parties in dispute within ten working days from the service of the notice of adjudication by the claimant; or (b) by the Director of the KLRCA (i) upon the request of either party in dispute if there is no agreement of the parties under paragraph (a); or (ii) upon the request of the parties in dispute.
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Enforcement of adjudication decision as judgment

28. (1) A party may enforce an adjudication decision by applying to the High Court for an order to enforce the adjudication decision as if it is a judgment or order of the High Court. (2) The High Court may make an order in respect of the adjudication decision either wholly or partly and may make an order in respect of interest on the adjudicated amount payable. (3) The order made under subsection (2) may be executed in accordance with the rules on execution of the orders or judgment of the High Court.
(2) For the purposes of this section, it is a conditional payment provision when (a) the obligation of one party to make payment is conditional upon that party having received payment from a third party; or (b) the obligation of one party to make payment is conditional upon the availability of funds or drawdown of financing facilities of that party.
default provisions in the absence of terms of payment

36. (1) Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, a party who has agreed to carry out construction work or provide construction consultancy services under a construction contract has the right to progress payment at a value calculated by reference to (a) the contract price for the construction work or construction consultancy services; (b) any other rate specified in the construction contract; (c) any variation agreed to by the parties to the construction contract by which the contract price or any other rate specified in the construction contract is to be adjusted; and (d) the estimated reasonable cost of rectifying any defect or correcting any non-conformance or the diminution in the value of the construction work or construction consultancy services performed, whichever is more reasonable. (2) In the absence of any of the matters referred to in paragraphs (1)(a) to (d), reference shall be made to (a) the fees prescribed by the relevant regulatory board under any written law; or (b) if there are no prescribed fees referred to in paragraph (a), the fair and reasonable prices or rates prevailing in the construction industry at the time of the carrying out of the construction work or the construction consultancy services. (3) The frequency of progress payment is (a) monthly, for construction work and construction consultancy services; and (b) upon the delivery of supply, for the supply of construction materials, equipment or workers in connection with a construction contract. (4) The due date for payment under subsection (3) is thirty calendar days from the receipt of the invoice.
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direct payment from principal

30. (1) If a party against whom an adjudication decision was made fails to make payment of the adjudicated amount, the party who obtained the adjudication decision in his favour may make a written request for payment of the adjudicated amount direct from the principal of the party against whom the adjudication decision is made. (2) Upon receipt of the written request under subsection (1), he principal shall serve a notice in writing on the party against whom the adjudication decision was made to show proof of payment and to state that direct payment would be made after the expiry of ten working days of the service of the notice. (3) In the absence of proof of payment requested under subsection (2), the principal shall pay the adjudicated amount to the party who obtained the adjudication decision in his favour. (4) The principal may recover the amount paid under subsection (3) as a debt or set off the same from any money due or payable by the principal to the party against whom the adjudication decision was made. (5) This section shall only be invoked if money is due or payable by the principal to the party against whom the adjudication decision was made at the time of the receipt of the request under subsection (1).
Prohibition of conditional payment

35. (1) Any conditional payment provision in a construction contract in relation to payment under the construction contract is void.
THE
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GREEN ENGINEERING
Securing The Future

Renewable Energy
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GREEN ENGINEERING
ars are being waged over oil and gas, with mining and consumption resulting in rapid climate change. Meanwhile, thousands risk their lives mining for coal, while nuclear energy is an alternative that is presently very difficult to manage.
Because of declining resources and the increasing difficulty of extracting them, combined with a reluctance to go nuclear, many countries are actively conducting research into renewable energy and developing ways to harvest energy from such sources as sunlight, wind, dammed water, biomass, hydrogen, the earths internal heat and ocean waves.
A Local Renewal
A local company is now at the forefront of this drive for using renewable energy. A landfill in Pajam, Negeri Sembilan, is being developed by the company into a 15MW source of renewable energy for up to 10,000 homes. The 26ha wide landfill will contain 32,000 solar panels, and the methane gas resulting from years of on-site waste decomposition, once an environmental concern, will be harvested for power. At the Pajam landfill, solar-generated power will account for 13MW and another 2MW will come from biogas (methane). Once the Renewable Act 2011 is gazetted and the Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) is authorised to manage and monitor the feed-in-tariff proposed by the act, the government will buy power generated by companies and individuals at competitive rates, encouraging investment in renewable energies.
Renewable Energ y researchers identify Malaysia as having great potential as an RE producer its equatorial location is perfect for the generation of solar power and its dense rainforests are capable of providing a lot of biomass. Being a major palm-oil producer is also a boon; oil palm estates cover at least 15% of the country (4.7 million ha), producing large amounts of combustible waste like empty fruit bunches, tree fronds, trunks, fibres and shells. Biogas extracted from palm oil mill effluent (POME) and the rest are estimated to be able to produce up to 20% of the countrys electricity by 2020. By 2030, Malaysia aims to produce 131 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) worth of electricity. The countrys electricity production has been spiking by 3% each year since 2009 by 2030, the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) average would have either been reached or
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Now a common sight in the global race for clean and renewable energy, solar panels comprise photovoltaic cells which harness sunlight and convert it into electricity.
THE
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GREEN ENGINEERING
exceeded. In 2010, the total installed capacity of the country was rated at 24,187MW with peak demand anticipated at 16,332MW leaving a comfortable margin for capacity over demand. Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) projects that demand will peak by 2020, at an estimated 20,669MW.
Fields of Light
Feed-in Tariffs (FiT) encourage the production of Renewable Energy by offering payment and incentives to producers. In the FiT system, distribution licensees (or direct government agencies) pay RE generators a premium for generating clean energy. This way, anyone who produces RE can sell to distribution licensees for a fixed number of years, the length of which depends on the REs source. A fixed payment is also guaranteed to suppliers for every kilowatt hour (kWh) of electricity generated.
In 2011, Germany was the first country to successfully implement FiT, and Malaysias Renewable Energy Act is meant to emulate them. Germanys FiT laws were passed in 2004 and have led to fast growth in solar and wind energy technologies and the countr y becoming the worlds leading user of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells. There has been a marked increase in RE production, contributing 16.1% of Germanys total electricity consumption in 2009. This has resulted in the creation of 300,000 jobs related to RE, and an increasingly dynamic solar PV market a remarkable achievement considering that Germany isnt the worlds sunniest country. Denmark and Spain followed soon after with their own FiT systems, and even though investors were still uncertain because of the fluctuating nature of electricity usage, the rest of Europe is latching onto the FiT and RE trend.
Malaysias FiT is the same as Germanys, with only one difference: Malaysia has quotas that vary for each form of RE production, ensuring that Tenaga Nasional Bhd (TNB) always has enough money to pay for RE purchases, unlike some European countries where purchasers suffer losses in an unequal market. Also, from December 2011, all Malaysian premises using an excess of 300MW per month were levied 1% of their electricity bills to facilitate FiT. Sustainable Energy Development Authority (Seda) board member Pola Singh has been quoted as saying: If a households bill averages RM300 to RM400 a month, it should be prepared to pay an additional levy of RM3 to RM4 a month. There is a price to be paid for cleaner air and the public and community must share this responsibility. The development of Renewable Energy in Malaysia is progressing
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rapidly and is a major factor in the 10th Malaysia Plan. The plan envisions a GDP growth of 6% a year and a per capita income increase to RM38,845 (US$12,139) by 2015, with a focus on palm oil and related products, as well as energy security through development of alternative s ources, i.e. hydro, co a l and solar energy. The 9th Malaysia Plan saw the Peninsular producing 300MW of RE and Sabah producing 50MW in 2010. However, the 10th plan is less concerned with the amount of energy produced than with energy efficiency. A biomass initiative has been put in action with the government committing to a 40% reduction in carbon intensity, and by 2015, RE production should be at 98MW, contributing 5.5% to the countrys total electricity generation. Heavy consumers such as the steel and cement industries will feel the impact of the FiT tariffs but this will encourage efficient energy consumption. Also, FiT policies will allow them to source for renewable energy as well, which can be sold to the national grid operator, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB).
been a 0.75 degrees Celsius rise in global temperature. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a scientific body set up by the United Nations to examine climate change, has concluded that its main cause is human activity as a result, global sea levels are rising, glaciers and sea ice are melting, and extreme weather such as floods and droughts are becoming more frequent. Greenhouse gases such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide contribute to Global Warming by trapping heat from the
Previous page: A solar energy farm is being built at the Pajam landfill in Negeri Sembilan by Cypark Resources Sdn. Bhd. So far, the project has received RM95mil worth of investments. Above: At the end of 2011, China was the worlds largest wind energy producer with 62,733MW of capacity.
A Positive Change
Another positive aspect of Renewable Energy is that its proliferation will mitigate climate change problems. The only catch is that some RE sources such as methane are capable of producing greenhouse gases that will increase Global Warming. In the past century, there has already
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sun near the earths surface, referred to as the Greenhouse Effect. In the pre-industrial era this was necessary to keep the earth warm enough to sustain life, but contemporary societys constant use of resources has resulted in there being too much heat trapped in the atmosphere. In 2005 for example, the burning of fossil fuels worldwide sent 27 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Yet, fossil fuels are needed for heating, cooking, transportation a whole gamut of necessary human activities. D e fore s t at i on i s a l s o a hu ge contributor to climate change and is responsible for 20% of human carbon emissions, which is more than what the entire global transport sector produces. Trees absorb carbon dioxide as they grow, so the more that are cut down, the more carbon dioxide there is in the atmosphere. Governments are aware of this problem and have taken measures to mitigate it, from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), signed by 154 countries in agreement to reduce greenhouse gases to non-harmful levels on June 1992, to the Kyoto Protocol signed in Japan on December 1997, where 162 industrialised nations promised to reduce their carbon emissions.
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Previous page, top: Workers assembling solar panels in a factory belonging to California-based solar energy company MiaSole. Its products will be supplied to projects in San Antonio, Texas as well as Germany, which is one of the worlds largest users of renewable energy. Previous page, bottom: An entire village running on nothing but solar energy in Sonnenschiff, Germany. Above: The Three Gorges Dam in China produces 21,000MW of electricity, making it the worlds largest power station.
The key to mitigating climate change is for countries to create growth and jobs that produce less waste, pollution and greenhouse gases. And the worldwide Renewable Energy initiative does just that while providing alternatives for fossil fuels. The construction of windmills for example will take years and the talent and knowledge of many engineers, project managers and labourers. Wind farm maintenance will also be no easy feat and both these sources of alternative energy will require the creation of jobs, to produce energy that will leave a lighter carbon footprint. Of course, the onus is still on us to make our consumption patterns more environmentally friendly, but in this age of confrontation over fossil fuels, global warming and nuclear meltdowns, the field of Renewable Energy is one to watch and perhaps root for as more advancements are made. Our future may just come to rely on it.
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A History of Links The Evolution

A
common sight in the modern world, the suspension bridge is a testament to the advancements that mankind has achieved in the sciences. Through the application of knowledge in mathematics, physics and ultimately engineering, humans have shifted from using bridges as simple as a log across a stream to constructs that span entire straits.
of Suspension Bridges
A Simple Beginning
The ancestor of todays suspension bridge is the simple suspension bridge, which is the oldest known type of its kind. Aside from the anchors on each end, the simple suspension bridge has no towers or piers to support it, but may have saddles. With this design, the shape of the deck follows the shallow catenary arc or hyperbolic curve created by the main cables due to their free-hanging nature. Light ropes are usually added at a higher level to serve as handrails.
Building on Knowledge
Some of the earliest recorded precursors of the modern suspension bridge were constructed by Thang Tong Gyalpo, a pioneering civil engineer and architect of Tibetan origin. His bridges were the first to utilise iron chains, but did not incorporate the suspended deck bridge that is the staple characteristic of the modern suspension bridge. In his design, wires were used in the railings and walking layer, with the iron chains reinforcing the stress points carrying the screed.
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Despite its span-dependent limited load-carrying capacity, the simple suspension bridge is still considered a very efficient and sustainable design, especially in developing countries where it is used for crossing rivers or gorges.
An aerial view of the manmade island where the Kansai International Airport is situated.
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Venetian polymath Fausto Veranzio is credited with the earliest bridge design most resembling todays suspension bridge. The drawings in his 1595 book Machinae Novae include his two concepts of suspension bridges, which utilise a timber and rope combination as well as a hybrid suspension and cable-stayed design incorporating iron chains. However, the concept of a suspension bridge that featured a rigid deck was developed by American engineer and inventor James Finley, who put it into practice in the bridge he built in the year 1801 at Jacobs Creek, which is located in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania in the US. He patented his design later in the year 1808. Finleys idea was further developed by Thomas Telford, a Scottish civil engineer, architect and stonemason when he built the Menai Suspension Bridge in the United Kingdom that connects the mainland of Wales and the island of Anglesey. Maintaining the use of iron chains and completed in the year 1826, it is on record as the worlds first modern suspension bridge. Another key contributor to the development of suspension bridges is German-born American civil engineer John Roebling. Known for his design of the wire rope suspension bridge and particularly the Brooklyn Bridge, he developed two important enhancements in the mid-1800s. Past experience had shown that insufficiently stiffened decks were susceptible to vibrations caused by strong winds or rhythmic
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traffic loads, which were liable to grow out of control and potentially tear a bridge apart. He solved this problem by using arrays of vertical and horizontal girders cross-braced with diagonal beams, called trusses, to achieve a deck stiffness that would prevent the effects of the vibrations.
Previous page: One of the United States oldest suspension bridges, the Brooklyn Bridge was originally called the New York and Brooklyn Bridge as well as the East River Bridge before it was formally given its current name by the city government in the year 1915. Below: Over the years, the Menai Suspension Bridge has undergone several significant upgrades such as the replacement of its original wrought iron chains with steel ones that have ensured its safe and continued use.
necessity and hassle of transporting the pre-built cables and then placing them in position. This method continues to be used in the construction of new bridges.
Design Variations
The wire-cable suspension bridge design originated from a temporary simple suspension bridge built in Annonay, France by French engineer Marc Seguin credited as the inventor of the wire-cable suspension bridge and his brothers in the year 1822. The Spider Bridge at Falls of Schuylkill in northern Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States is officially listed as the first of this type of suspension bridge.
Roeblings other innovation built upon a discovery by French engineers around the year 1830 that cables comprised of a multitude of wire strands were much more reliable than iron chains. Based on this new information, he developed a method called spinning that allowed cables to be constructed into the bridge itself, negating the
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On a wider note, no two suspension bridges are alike. This is due to the fact that each design has to take into account factors and challenges unique to each project such as the required total span, local climate, average estimated traffic loads and local geographic qualities.
United States, the bridge has been declared by the American Society of Civil Engineers as one of the Modern Wonders of the World. The Golden Gate Bridge is also noted as having held the record of having the longest suspension bridge span between the years 1937 up to 1964 at 1,280m. The record is currently held by the Akashi Kaiky Bridge, also called the Pearl Bridge, in Japan at 1,991m, which it has held since its completion in the year 1998. The bridge crosses the busy Akashi Strait, connecting the city of Kobe, located on the main island of Honshu, to Iwaya on Awaji Island, and is one of the key components of the countrys Honsh-Shikoku Bridge Project.
World Icons
The suspension bridge is a common and widely recognised engineering structure across the globe. A shining example of its kind is the famous Golden Gate Bridge in the United States which links the city of San Francisco to Marin County. One of the most internationally recognised symbols of San Francisco and the
Below: The Akashi Kaiky Bridge features a two hinged stiffening girder system which allows it to withstand strong winds, earthquakes and harsh sea currents typical of its location as well as pendulums designed to dampen forces by operating at the bridges resonance frequency. Next page: The Golden Gate Bridge at one point held the record for the tallest suspension towers in the world at 227.4m, a title it held until the year 1998.
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The suspension bridge is more than just a means for people to cross from one side to another. Each of its kind across the globe is in fact a testament both to the advancements that have been made in the field of engineering as well as the tenacity of the human spirit in conquering the challenges that it is presented.
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The Penang Connection

The Pearl of the Orients Bridges
ecognisable by all Malaysians, the Penang Bridge is a local landmark that has, since its completion, become a vital link between the island state and the peninsular. it connects george Town on the island to Seberang Prai on the mainland.
Francisco Golden Gate Bridges cable-stayed concrete girder. Penang resident and respected civil engineer Professor Chin Fung Kee designed the bridge, and the structure was finally opened to traffic on the 14th of September 1985. Plans to build a new bridge, called the Penang Second Bridge, were announced in the Ninth Malaysia Plan in August 2006. Upon completion, the bridge will connect Batu Kawan in Seberang Prai and Batu Maung on Penang Island. The bridges total length is 24km, marking it as the longest bridge in Malaysia as well as Southeast Asia.
Previously only accessible from the mainland by ferry, the need for a bridge to connect Penang to the mainland was recognised as early as the start of the 1970s. The suggestion was made by Tun Abdul Razak the second Malaysian Prime Minister and Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu the second Chief Minister of Penang. However, it was only during the late 1970s that the long and arduous planning stage began under the leadership of Tun Hussein Onn the third Prime Minister. On the 23rd of July 1981, S. Samy Vellu then Works Minister announced that the Penang Bridges design would follow the San
Left: The Penang Second Bridges original design was later modified to resemble the first Penang Bridge in an effort to reduce construction costs.
Originally set to begin construction in november 2007 with a completion date in 2011, the project was delayed and construction only began late november 2008. The projected completion date has since been postponed from May 2012 to november 2013.
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The Large Hadron Collider
sPEEdING TowaRds P aNswERs
Above: A worker passing by a large photograph of the LHCs Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) particle detector at the Weltmaschine (World Machine) exhibition in Berlin, Germany on the 14th of October 2008.
rimarily responsible for providing the crucial infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research such as particle accelerators, the European organisation for Nuclear Research known commonly as cERN set out to build the worlds largest and most powerful particle accelerator. The result was the Large Hadron collider (LHc), which is seen by physicists around the world as the key to answering some of physics biggest mysteries.
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Behind the Machine

Founded on the 29th of September 1954, CERN is an international organisation established for the purpose of operating the worlds largest particle physics laboratory. Located in northwest Geneva and spanning the border between France and Switzerland, the facility itself is an estimated 100m underground and is considered the Mecca for physicists. Due to its focus on particle physics research, it is commonly called the European laboratory for particle physics. The acronym CERN comes from its original French name Conseil Europen pour la Recherche Nuclaire (European Council of Nuclear Research) when it was merely a provisional council overseeing the setting up of the laboratory. When the council was eventually dissolved, the decision was made to retain the acronym for the new laboratory despite the organisations name change. While CERN has slightly less than 2,400 full-time employees, it is host to roughly 10,000 engineers and scientists who hail from 113 different nations and represent 608 universities and research facilities across the globe. The organisation itself had 12 member countries from Western Europe during its ratification, but at present has 21 member states, of which a large majority are European Union (EU) members, as well as seven observers.
A visualisation of the LHC at work.
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Building a Dream
CERNs General Services Department head Thomas Pettersson and visiting Professor Pascal Lefvre were responsible for the conceptual design of the LHC, which they published on the 20th of October 1995. Construction of the equipment was approved that same year with a starting budget of CHF2.6 billion (US$2.68 billion) and an additional CHF210 million (US$216.42 million) for experiments, and the project was a collaborative effort involving nearly the entirety of CERNs full-time staff and visiting experts. Construction of the LHC began in the year 1998, but a string of issues in the form of cost overruns and a budget reduction forced its estimated completion date from the year 2005 to April 2007. It was finally completed in the year 2008, and with a budget totalling Euro7.5 billion (US$9.28 billion), it is one of the most expensive scientific instruments ever built. The collider is powered up to its full design capacity once or twice a day, when the protons are accelerated from 450GeV to 7TeV per beam, giving a total collision energy of 14TeV, and the superconducting dipole magnets field will be increased from 0.54 to 8.3T (teslas). At 14 TeV, the protons travel at 99.99% the speed of light and have a Lorentz factor of roughly 7,500. This results in a speed where the proton travels once around the main ring in under 90 microseconds at about 11,000 revolutions per second. The protons are bunched together into 2,808 bunches of 115 billion protons each instead of being fired in continuous beams. This is so that the interactions between both beams occur at intervals never shorter than 25 nanoseconds apart. The LHCs design luminosity is 1034cm2s1, creating a bunch collision rate of 40MHz. The particles are prepared by a series of systems that successively increase their energy before they are injected into the main accelerator beginning with the linear particle accelerator LINAC 2 that generates 50MeV protons. This system feeds the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) which accelerates the protons to 1.4GeV and then injects them into the Proton Synchrotron (PS) which further accelerates them to 26GeV. The last system in the series is the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) which increases the energy to 450GeV before finally injecting the particles into the main ring over a period of 20 minutes. In the main ring, the protons bunches are accumulated, accelerated to their peak energy of 7TeV over a period of 20 minutes and finally circulated for 10 to 24 hours, completing an LHC activation cycle.
The Specifications
Housed 175m underground in a 27km tunnel in CERNs laboratory, the LHC is located in the space previously occupied by the Large Electron-Positron Collider. The tunnel has two adjacent parallel beamlines, also called beam pipes that travel in opposite directions around the ring. Each beam pipe contains a proton beam and both are designed to intersect at four points. A ring as large as the tunnels diameter, comprising superconducting magnets that have several accelerating structures, is also part of the instrument and serves to boost the particles energy as it travels along the tunnel. The magnets are divided into dipole magnets which help maintain the beams circular paths and quadrupole magnets which are used keep both beams focused in order to maximize the interaction chances between the particles at all four intersection points. Made of copper-clad niobium-titanium, the magnets require about 96 tonnes of liquid helium to maintain an operating temperature of -271.25C or 1.9K, marking the LHC as the worlds largest cryogenic facility at liquid helium temperature.
with the help of the LHc, physicists have managed to discover what they believe is the elusive Higgs boson, which many have dubbed the god particle. while this is an already spectacular achievement, there remains many more answers that the LHc can provide.
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readers contribution
SEttlING DIffERENcES thRoUGh law (Part 2)

Use of the Dispute Resolution Advisor in Managing Disputes: A Practitioners Perspective
By Ir. Harbans Singh K.S.
For the procedure to be particularly effective, the parties must ensure the following: 1. They have enough faith in the procedure and the DRA to make it work and translate this into practical terms. 2. That the terms of the appointment of the DRA such as remuneration, tenure, replacement, scope and authority are clearly spelt out. 3. The precise areas for possible application of the DRA process are clearly identified. 4. The specific time frames and milestones of the process are not only reasonably defined but adhered to as far as practicable to fulfil an essential purpose of this procedure i.e. a fast or speedy resolution of a difference or dispute. The promoters of the DRA process have highlighted its advantages and positive attributes which include the following 1 : As an amalgamation of the best ingredients from the various ADR techniques, it is the most effective of these methods.
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On an overall basis, process is comparatively fast and cheap. Owing to its early intervention and containment of the likely adverse effects of a difference, it prevents minor altercations and disagreements from b ecoming major disputes, breeding acrimony and leading to undue litigation or arbitration. By nipping the problem in the bud, the process prevents or minimizes delay and allows the parties to proceed with the works instead of wasting time and resources in continuous disputes. Parties work with a neutral expert who helps them to narrow their differences in an amicable environment away from the glare of publicity. The expert can give appropriate advice and assistance if requested and even seek the help of other experts to help resolve the issue in contention. Studies have shown that projects employing such a process have resulted in significant tender price reductions as parties anticipate an improvement in their overall risks pertaining to cash flow, use of resources, etc. in advancing and resolving disputes and having the project completed on time. The process looks beyond the principal stakeholders in a typical project and involves other important parties, particularly the specialist sub-contractors, who in most cases are the real
parties with a substantial interest in the ultimate result of the settlement. In contrast to adjudication where the same person may not be appointed to be the adjudicator every time reference is made to the process, the DRA handles all disputes between the parties throughout the currency of the contract, ensuring consistency in decisions owing to the DRAs familiarity with the contract, the parties and the works in question.
Being a two tiered process, most disputes ultimately require arbitration (the second stage) leading to the supposition that the first stage was an apparent loss of time and money.
coNclUSIoN
At the moment the DRA is a relatively unknown and seemingly untested method of managing disputes locally. This is especially so in the engineering and construction industry where the focus is on adjudication, especially in view of the implementation the Construction Industry Payment and Adjudication Act (CIPAA). However, though touted as providing quick resolutions for industry disputes, adjudication has a number of drawbacks and limitations. One of these is that it is not suitable for a number of types of contracts or projects where a more practical and expeditious method of managing (and resolving) disputes as and when they arise during the currency of the contract should be implemented. In the authors experience, DRA is one metho d that has b een found to be effective in a host of engineering/construction projects where its advantages over other ADR methods far outweighed its limitations. This is also evidenced in other reported international projects and by authoritative texts. The author hopes that this method of managing disputes be given due and serious consideration and be adopted in many more projects on the local scene in order to take advantage of its positive attributes.
However, the DRA process has similar drawbacks to other ADR methods. Major areas of concern include: The hostility of the parties may derail the process. A lack of go o d fait h and cooperation of the parties involved could prolong the entire process to the detriment of the project. Fai lu re of t he p ar t i e s representatives to properly i d e nt i f y t h e d i f f e r e n c e s / disagreements may add to time delay and cost. The process is compromised be the inability of the DRA to properly assess the issues and facilitate the resolution of disputes. The process is inef fective because of the failure of DRA to properly evaluate the situation and come up with practical recommendations for possible adoption by the parties.
1.
See Wall C.J. , The Dispute Resolution Advisor in the Construction Industry in Construction Conflict Management and Resolution Edited by Fenn and Gameson at P 334, 335, 338 & 339.
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TAn sri sTAnLEY EDWArD lEGAcy JEWKEs A MoNUMENtAl

T
an sri stanley Edward Jewkes, who passed away on June 2011 at the age of 98, lived a life no Hollywood scriptwriter would need to embellish. As a civil engineer and architect, he played a significant role in developing post-World War ii Malaya. As a soldier, he was courageous, and as a father and husband, he was kind and caring. Tan sri stanley lived a full life and left a legacy of creative and enduring architectural and engineering work. THE INGENIEUR chronicles his life and achievements.
A time of turmoil
Great Britain was in conflict with Germany, but far distant colonial Malaya only gleaned news of the war from print, radio and rumour. Military occupation, bombings and food shortages had yet to become a reality in this corner of Southeast Asia, when twentyseven year old Tan Sri Jewkes stepped ashore. He was born in Boston to English parents, but the family left for Birmingham, England in 1919 to join the Jewkes baking and grocery business when Tan Sri Jewkes was 6 years old. After winning a scholarship to Dudley Grammar School, he went on to read engineering at The Northampton Institute, The London Polytechnic and The Institute of Civil Engineers, eventually earning a Bachelor of Arts in Civil Engineering. He later joined British Steel Construction as an engineer.
Above: Tan Sri Stanley Edward Jewkes contributions to the British Empire through his service in the British Army during the Second World War and his other professional pursuits earned him an Order of the British Empire from Queen Elizabeth II Previous page: Despite extensive maintenance, Stadium Merdeka is still true to Tan Sri Jewkes vision. It was classified as a national heritage monument in 2003.
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In 1939, he married Ella and their daughter Carole was born in July 1940. As the German bombing of London escalated, Tan Sri Jewkes joined the Home Guard, believing that his engineering skills would serve him well. However, at that time the colonial government in Malaya needed engineers. Tan Sri Jewkes experience made him a prime candidate, and leaving his wife and child behind, he was sent to the Public Works Department of Malaya as an engineer, working in the districts of Krian and Keroh until the war came to the Peninsula.
Commissioned as a lieutenant in the Federated Malay States volunteer force, his engineering expertise was employed to disrupt the Japanese advance on Singapore. This included rigging the huge Gelding River Bridge with explosives. Retreating with the rest of the volunteer force to Singapore which eventually fell to the Japanese in 1942, Tan Sri Jewkes managed to escape on the S.S. Kuala, part of a group of refugee boats. However, they were attacked on reaching the coast of Malacca. Survivors of the bombing were rescued by a friendly Chinese vessel and taken to Sumatra. They later sailed on an Australian cruiser to India where Tan Sri Jewkes enlisted in the 14th Allied Army under General Vinegar Joe Stillwell as a Technical Co-ordination Officer.
Marking Independence
After the war, Tan Sri Jewkes returned from Britain to Kuala Lumpur with his wife, daughter and latest addition, son Peter, and helped reinstate the railway system. By 1950, he was heading the Design and Research Branch of the PWD. He was responsible for improving the departments engineering capabilities and was later promoted to PWD Director. His legacy with PWD includes the implementation of Fast Track work processes and permission for public sector consultants to assist with private projects such as Subang Jaya Airports terminal design. During his tenure as Director, the University of Malayas Faculty of Engineering was designed and constructed within only a year, overseen by civil engineer Tan Sri Chin Fung Kee. But Tan Sri Jewkes finest achievement is Stadium Merdeka, the construction of which he planned, designed and oversaw. Tan Sri Jewkes and Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman wanted it to be in the middle of Kuala Lumpur and to be accessible to those who could not afford transport. They also wanted the stadium to articulate the independence struggles egalitarian values. On the 31st of August 1957 the completed stadium bore witness to a vision of freedom gained without bloodshed. It still stands, having weathered the decades better than many modern structures. Stadium Merdeka was built into Petaling Hills natural terrain. 200,000 tonnes of earth were moved for its amphitheatre, around which reinforced concrete terraced seating was laid using 10,000 tonnes of concrete and 700 tonnes of steel.
Below: Completed in 1962, Stadium Negaras design and construction were facilitated by Tan Sri Jewkes Next page: An aerial view of the Stadium Merdeka, Part of the Tan Sri Jewkes planning consideration was the centrality of the structure, so it could be accessible to people who rely on public transport.
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Each of the four 25-tonne floodlight towers measuring 36.5 metres were initially constructed horizontally of pre-stressed concrete tubes and later raised and slotted into a socket for a total tower height of 42.6 metres. Sitting on a north-south axis, the stadium could accommodate up to 21,364 people including 3,000 more in its grandstand with top piers incorporating an open breezeway to complement the tropical weather. Als o mitigating the he at and humidity was the concrete shell roof the space between the roof s vaulted volumes was partitioned vertically to create an air conditioned environment. Stadium Merdekas
concrete shell roof was a feat of engineering at that time for being the longest dual-direction cantilevered structure in Southeast Asia. Radially designed to prevent crowd congestion, the stadium has 50 turnstiles and 14 tunnels providing such expedient access that it can be filled in 30 minutes and cleared in just 10. Upon its completion, it was the biggest stadium in the country. Tan Sri Jewkes was also responsible for designing and overseeing the construction of Stadium Negara which began in 1960, just across the road from Stadium Merdeka. Featuring the longest unsupported
roof in the region, Stadium Negara was an engineering feat in its time. The concave roof was suspended by a central circular truss ring held in place by cables from a larger concentric truss ring system. Associated with the conservation of both Stadium Merdeka and Stadium Negara since 2003, Laurence Loh, the deputy president of Badan Warisan, made a detailed study of the buildings and was struck by how Tan Sri Jewkes presence could be felt in their designs. The muted colours of Stadium Negara for example, the layout of its interior and the structural response to tropical climate are part of an intricate vision that employed space
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de Weldon. Tunku Abdul Rahman relocated the Mosque in 1965.
Building Memories
Tan Sri Jewkes returned briefly to England in 1958 to receive the Order of the British Empire from Queen Elizabeth for his service to his country and for a volume of work that had been of great benefit to society. In the 1960s, he ended his tenure with Malaysian civil service and moved to the United States to work with an engineering firm that sent him to another 44 countries. Tan Sri Jewkes retired at the age of 75 and passed away in June 2011, aged 98, at the Mission Oaks Assisted Living Facility in Florida, shortly after he and his wife celebrated their 72nd wedding anniversary in May. Carole, now 71, has many memories of her father but the ones that stand out most are truly indicative of the person that he was. After World War II, Tan Sri Jewkes sent his daughter to a boarding school in Switzerland. While she was there, he wrote and mailed stories to her that the schools matron would read out to all the children, leaving Carol and her classmates hungry for the next chapter in the tale he was crafting. She also remembers how, while still in Malaysia, he built a boat in their house but hadnt thought beforehand that one day he might want to bring it out and eventually had to demolish a wall to do so. Tan Sri Jewkes took his daughter on sailing trips off the coast of Malaysia, and even though he sometimes insisted on sailing choppy waters, she didnt mind because she knew she was in safe hands.
and contemporary materials to create an environment which preserves and provides depth to histor y and memory. Stadium Negara was opened in 1962 with a seating capacity of 10,000, and many musical concerts and sport events including the Thomas Cup badminton matches have been held there. Tan Sri Jewkes had conceptualised an acropolis in the heart of Kuala Lumpur, and that concept was realised with Stadium Merdeka, Stadium Negara and Merdeka Park. Another career highlight was his development of Petaling Hill into a green public space The Tunku Abdul Rahman Park (later renamed Merdeka Park in 1958) was landscaped with many features including a sun clock,
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which resembles a crescent moon when seen from afar, alluding to the federal governments insignia. The clocks hour lines are in 11 sections, representing the 11 states of Malaya at that time, and shows local mean time and the Zodiac calendar. The clock was moved to the National Planetarium when Merdeka Park was demolished. To commemorate The Federation of Malayas independence, a National Mosque was proposed. Tan Sri Jewkes convinced the government to build a triumvirate of national structures Parliament House near the Lake Gardens and the National Monument beside the National Mosque. He had preliminary designs for Parliament House and the National Monument but withdrew his work in favour of designs by W. Ivor Shipley and Felix
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Previous page: The University Malaya Faculty of Engineering Building was built during Tan Sri Jewkes tenure as Director of the PWD. The project was completed within a year. Left: After sterling service with the Public Works Department, Tan Sri Jewkes moved with his wife to Florida, and the couple celebrated their 72nd wedding anniversary in May 2011, shortly before Tan Sri Jewkes passed away in June. Bottom: Designed by Tan Sri Jewkes, the Merdeka Sundial is a tribute to the Federation of Malayas independence in 1957.
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in 2002 while living in Florida, Tan sri Jewkes wrote a book about his travels and experiences called Humankind: Planet Earths Most Enigmatic species. in an interview with Dr. Lai chee Kien, Assistant Professor of the Department of Architecture at the University of singapore, Tan sri Jewkes said: My dealings with people throughout the world, of different ethnicities, of different religious beliefs, led me to believe that were all the same; were very enigmatic. no one is better than anyone else or worse than anyone else. Tan sri Jewkes is gone. May his work be remembered forever, and may their value and beauty always be understood.
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Present day Kuala Lumpur has been in many ways shaped by this illustrious engineer, who converted his ideas into designs which have had a lasting impact on the city
The
is the official publication of the board of engineers malaysia (bem), a regulatory body within the ambit of responsibility of the ministry of Works malaysia. The bem facilitates the registration of engineers as well as regulates the professional conduct and practice of registered engineers in malaysia, with the aim of safeguarding the safety and interest of the public. only a registered engineer may take up employment which requires him to perform professional engineering services, and no person shall employ a person other than a registered engineer to perform engineering services. A graduate engineer who has passed a professional assessment examination and complied with all the requirements of the board shall be entitled, upon application, to be registered as a Professional engineer.
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A leading authority on engineering matters, The ingenieur is a quarterly with a controlled circulation of 45,000 copies per issue, distributed to the nations top engineering echelon ranging from senior officials in all government ministries and departments and professional engineers to academics in the engineering Faculty of all local universities as well as other professionals in sectors related to engineering.
In addition to a print version, The ingenieur e-zine is also available online at www.bem.org.my. The recorded download for The ingenieur e-zine is approximately 55,000 per issue.
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A TowEring AcHiEvEMEnT T
he Tower is a presence to the entire world. First of all as a universal symbol of Paris, it is everywhere on the globe where Paris is to be stated as an image; from the Midwest to Australia, there is no journey to France which isnt made, somehow, in the Towers name... wrote French philosopher roland Barthes, in his 1979 essay on the Eiffel Tower.
Until today, the Eiffel Tower is synonymous with romantic France. It is a symbol of love, of wonder and adventure and has appeared in numerous movies from Mars Attacks! to Moulin Rouge! Whatever the media, The Tower evokes an emotional response. However, with typically dry French humour, Barthes also criticises the Tower for being utterly useless, while praising its lack of practical function as a form of beauty. It is interesting that over time, meaning and feeling have been attributed to this Paris icon but its original intention was otherwise. The Tower was simply meant to be an engineering marvel.
A Revolutionary Dedication
The Paris Exposition of 1889 was the French version of a Worlds Fair. In the 19th century, these fairs were events that the entire population eagerly anticipated for a decade or even longer. The Fairs were huge. Countries from across the planet convened at one giant exhibition to display
Above: Gustave Eiffel graduated from the cole des Arts et Manufactures. Today, the cole is still known as one of Frances most prestigious engineering schools. Previous page: As decided by the city council, the Eiffel Towers official colour is bronze because it stands out against the Paris sky without being too imposing.
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their culture and technological innovations, and members of the public had the opportunity to enjoy these sights and sounds with friends and loved ones while partaking of the local food on offer. Concurrent with the Paris Exposition, the French government announced a design contest for engineers and architects to study the possibility of erecting on the Champ de Mars, an iron tower with a base of 125 meters square and 300 meters high.
The Paris Exhibition (entrance pictured) featured many cultural and technological attractions. Even Thomas Edison was there, demonstrating his invention: the light-bulb.
secondly, it must be a temporary structure that could easily be removed at the end of the Exposition, and thirdly, it must be Commemorative of the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. French structural engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel saw this as an opportunity to leave his mark on this world, and what a mark it became! With the aid of engineers Maurice Koechlin, Emile Nouguier, and architect Stephen Sauvestre, the design for the Tower was drafted and approved by the French government, while over 700 other submissions were rejected, among which were some really strange ones.
Designs had to meet three other criteria: Firstly, the structure must attract enough ticket-buying visitors to pay for its own construction;
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Academics have pored over the Eiffel Towers plans for decades, attempting to describe its beauty in mathematical terms.
The Eiffel Tower consumes 7, 500, 000 kWH of electricity annually, with 580,000 kWH used by the towers 352 projectors, 20,000 bulbs and 800 fairy lights.
There was a proposal for building a huge guillotine, another for a 1,000-foot-tall sprinkler to water Paris during droughts and, a gigantic electric light atop a tower with parabolic mirrors to provide the entire city eight times as much light as is necessary to read a newspaper. The Eiffel Tower was initially criticised by the public, because other than being a tourist attraction with some shops, it was useless. When questioned about its practicality, Alexandre replied that its functionality lay in the demonstration and examination of contemp orar y eng ine er ing capabilities; that the Tower examined aerodynamic measurements, radioelectric research, telecommunication
problems, and meteorological observations all considered avantgarde for the time, and perhaps a little hard for the public to swallow. In Janu ar y 1 8 8 7 , t he Fre nch government and the City of Paris struck a deal with Eiffel. His engineering firm would contribute 1.3 million of the towers estimated US$1.6 million construction cost, but in turn, Eiffel would receive all revenues generated by the tower for 20 years. After that, full ownership would belong to the City of Paris and they could do whatever they wanted with it. From the start, the Tower was meant to be a money-making attraction. At that time, taking an elevator to
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involving 300 steel workers, the Tower was the tallest modern structure in the world until surpassed by The Empire State Building 40 years later. Prior to the Eiffel Tower, the tallest structure was Portugals Douro River arch bridge, spanning 160m (525ft) and 52m tall. When the Exposition opened, the Tower was not fully complete, so visitors were only allowed up to the second floor which was still an experience in itself.
Expansive, Economic Beauty

The Tower is composed of four arched wrought-iron legs tapering inward and forming a single 300-meter (986 feet) tall column, with the feet aligned to the four points of the compass. The highest level contains a large room used by Alexandre for meteorological studies, and above this spirals a staircase. The height of the 1st floor is 57m (187.0079ft), 2nd floor: 115m (377.3ft), 3rd floor: 276m (905.51ft), and the later addition of a television antenna raised the buildings height to its current 320m (1,052ft). Unlike major engineering projects of the day, the components were prefabricated off-site, and later riveted into place on-site. The Tower used 2.5 million rivets and up to 15,000 pieces of puddling iron, the precursor to modern construction steel. None of the girders weighed more than three tons, allowing the use of small cranes. The metal structure weighs 7,300 tonnes while the entire structure weighs 10,000 tonnes a demonstration of economic engineering and design. If you were
Even though the Eiffel Towers workers worked at dizzying heights, only one death occurred. At that time, this was a remarkably low construction death toll.
the first storey cost 2 francs, and an elevator to the top cost 5 francs. The restaurants, cafes, shops, and post office in the Tower today were all planned for during its construction. The entire structure has the capacity to accommodate up to 10,416 customers at a time. The Paris Exposition opened on May 6, 1889 to Parisians who marvelled at the soaring 300m/984ft (320.75m/1,052ft) structure, the base of which served as the expos entrance arch. Weighing 700 tons and constructed over two years and
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to melt its substructures 7,300 tonnes, the liquefied metal will fill the 125 meter square base to a depth of just 6cm (2.36in), assuming that the metals are 7.8 tonnes per cubic metre dense. Completed on 31st March 1889, The Towers construction took 2 years, 2 months and 5 days, and was over a month ahead of schedule. Although visitors were still not allowed on the highest floor, the structure was officially completed. The Tower was only intended to last 20 years before being disassembled.
The Eiffel Tower became part of the International Time Service in 1910, and has been broadcasting French radio since 1918 and French television since 1957.
Howe ver, it was saved by the mathematical and scientific experiments and breakthroughs that Eiffel argued would make the Tower valuable, such as when t he f i rst r a d i o t r ans m iss i ons in histor y were sent from the Tower to Eugene Ducretet at the Panthon. The Tower also served as a military radio post in 1903 and in 1925, broadcast the first public radio programme.
Moulded by the Wind

When constructing the Tower, Alexandre made use of his knowledge
The Eiffel Towers construction force consisted of 50 on-site engineers, 100 iron workers and 121 labourers.
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Schaeffler Technologies contributes to the maintenance of the Eiffel Towers elevators rolling element bearings.
of metal construction and his previous experience in building an iron bridge at Bordeaux, the 540 foot (162m) Garabit Viaduct, a moveable dome at the Nice observatory, and the framework for New Yorks Statue of Liberty a cultural and engineering icon that warrants a separate article. However, Alexandre was not a mathematics expert and had many concerns about the Towers ability to resist the wind. Although he had to rely on his practical building experience, the Tower stands strong until today. Throughout the years, mathematicians have attempted to describe the Eiffels wind resistance efficacy, which is articulated by the simple, yet beautiful curvature of its structure. In 2001, Christophe Chouard, an Eiffel Tower aficionado, proposed an exponential function closely matching the shape of the Towers upper half. In 2005, an Engineering professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Patrick Weidman, and a mathematics professor from Michigan Technology University, Iosif Pinelis, solved the mystery of the Towers elegant shape. Weidman and Pinelis argue that it was not built with a single, overarching mathematical formula instead, the Towers engineers calculated the strength needed to support its weight with graphical results, as well as empirical evidence to account for wind force factors. Section by
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The Eiffel Towers components were prefabricated off-site and later riveted into place on-site.
section, construction progressed with such practical intuition that a purely mathematical description of the stages was not documented. The Towers shape is exponential. However, if carefully plotted, the Towers cur vature reveals two different exponentials, with the lower section having a stronger resistance to wind forces. The Tower
sways 6 7 cm (2 3 in) in the wind, and, depending on the temperature, it might also shift away from the sun because of thermal expansion. In their obsessive search to understand the tower mathematically, Weidman and Pinelis tracked down a copy of a communic ation b etwe en Eiffel and the French Civil Society of Engineers, dated 30th March
1885. After translating the 26-page document, it became clear that the Towers structure was based on Eiffels determination of whether tangents to the skyline profile running from given horizontal sections of the tower intersected the resulting wind forces acting above those sections. Up on u n d e rst an d i ng t h e s e interactions, Eiffel worked out a
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construction process that produced no load in the diagonal truss elements used to counteract wind torque, therefore excluding truss members from construction and allowing for a reduction in tower weight and surface exposure to wind. With that understanding, Weidman and Pinelis found the answer for Chouards equation: firstly, there are two exponential equations at play. The first describes the structural safety factor of the Towers lower half, and the second equation describes the upper half. If one were to carefully plot out the structure, two hookedtogether exponential sections will
be revealed. And to really make sure the Tower was safe from wind force factors, Eiffel beefed up its base resulting in its characteristic wide footprint.
And so that was how the Tower was built: part by part, according to a ver y practical engineers intuitive understanding of otherwise mathematical concepts to ensure
In 1910, a physicist named Father Theodor Wulf observed radiant energy at the top and bottom of the tower and discovered what are known today as cosmic rays.
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Previous page: The Eiffel Towers elevators were originally pulled by hydraulically powered chains and rollers. Right: The Eiffel Tower was constructed with puddle iron, which is very hardy, and needs only to be painted regularly to avoid rusting.
structural feasibility. Weidman and Pinelis findings have been published in a paper called Model Equations for the Eiffel Tower Profile: Historical Perspective and New Results in the July 2004 edition of Comptes Rendus Mecanique.
A Towering Achievement
Today, the Eiffel Tower has become a useful structure the antithesis of what its naysayers thought it would be. The Tower receives 7 million visitors every year, 75% of them tourists and 28.9% from local, metropolitan
France. And of all the visitors surveyed by the Towers administration, 72.9% of them believe that the Eiffel Tower is an attraction that cannot be missed. The combined distance travelled by its lifts each year totals 103,000 kilometers 2.5 times the Earths circumference. It has not just placed France on the world map, but its constant identification in various media has helped burn imagery of French culture into the popular consciousness. Even the contentious Roland Barthes concluded his classic Eiffel Tower essay by saying:
...affording its visitor a whole polyphony of pleasures, from technological wonder to haute cuisine, including the panorama, the Tower ultimately reunites with the essential function of all major human sites...one can dream there, eat there, observe there, understand there, marvel there, shop there; as on an ocean liner...one can feel oneself cut off from the world and yet be the owner of a world.
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THROWING OUT THE BOX robest yong
An early example of this occurred when the young Robest went fishing with his friends in his hometown of Nibong Tebal, Penang. He realised that their rods couldnt reach the deeper areas where fish were plenty. A longer rod would be the obvious solution but they couldnt carry them while riding their bikes. His solution make a longer rod by adding an attachment that slotted into the top of the rod. The new rod was 8 feet long and could be dismantled to carry on their bicycles.
bservation is the key to invention and as Robest Yong reiterates in the motivational talks he gives The simplest solutions are the best.
A Local Surprise
Years later, Robest would see his invention sold in shops. It was never patented so he did not enjoy any pecuniary reward, but it became a source of pride and joy because he had invented a saleable item when he was just twelve years old. Intelligent and precocious, Robest chose a field of tertiary study that would both direct and evolve his creativity engineering. Its a field he says, that is very innovative but also realistic. With architecture for example, there is a huge element of subjectivity. But in engineering, there is none. Something either works or it doesnt. Robest eventually became an engineer with Lam Chuan Engineering in Penang, where as a technician, he specialised in maintaining and repairing printing machines. His invention of the Polyclone Instant Rubber Stamp Machine gave a huge boost to Robests career. Compact and portable, it produces a rubber stamp for any image or text within five minutes, without requiring darkroom equipment or chemicals. Stationery shops are currently providing this service for RM25 per stamp at a cost of only RM1.50 each, using a machine bought for only RM4,000. There is a perception among Malaysians that inventors die poor and hungry. That there is no future for them but I tell the truth to change their minds I make millions from inventing. Robest is currently an Innovation Ambassador for the Malaysian Agency for Innovation (AIM), a statutory body set up to drive the countrys economy with creativity and innovation.
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AIMs aim is the creation of more jobs, the success of new innovator entrepreneurs and the evolution of Malaysian companies into major global players. A I Ms f u n c t i on i s p e r t i n e nt , because as Robest says, Malaysians have the substance but not the passion to be innovators. During my t e nu re w it h L a m C hu a n , I frequently travelled to Japan for work. There, I experienced a society of innovation. According to him, creativity and innovation in Japan is a collective responsibility and everyone has the opportunity to present their ideas. He illustrates this with an analogy; say a janitor in an Innovation Agency in Tokyo comes up with an ingenious way of constructing a chair with only three legs instead of four she would receive praise and patent payment from the agency. However in a Malaysian context, the janitor would have experienced a lot of problems trying to get recognised. Malaysians might question if she has the requisite knowledge and experience to be an inventor. They might also accuse her of copying some foreign innovation which is exactly what Robest faced when he introduced the Polyclone machine. He was suspected of copying a foreign invention because something as s i mp l e a s t h at mu s t h av e already been invented. Robest was innovating in a local climate not used to innovation. This opinion that nothing truly original can come from Malaysia perpetuates a vicious cycle in which no one is inspired and nothing gets invented.
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Top: Robest and one of his inventions Synchronised Bathroom Locks for bathrooms with dual doors. The invention allows both doors to lock and unlock at the same time. Above: Invented by Robest, the Polyclone Instant Rubber Stamp Machine won a Gold Medal at the London International Invention Fair, UK and is marketed worldwide.
ENGINEERS IN ACTION
Necessity Gives Birth

I have a ten year old son, and I encourage him to invent, says Robest. He makes his own toys and every kid should do that. If a child is encouraged to create, even on a small scale if all he makes is a paper aeroplane, he learns the physics of flight and the importance of material in aeronautics. Kids dont always need expensive toys, Robest adds. Malaysia was once the biggest centre for drug trafficking in Southeast Asia, behind credit-card cloning. When these became less popular, fake DVDs and Blu-Ray discs took their place so many at such good quality that they are still being exported to China. One can argue that Malaysians achieved all these by being innovative.
This illustrates what Robest means by Substance the capacity for creativity. By Passion, he means the will to go in the correct direction for example, the gangster who grew up to head a gang of illegal DVD sellers could have become a creative innovator in a more respectable field. By tapping into the fecund minds of young Malaysians, AIM hopes to mould and encourage their creativity. AIM is currently commercialising innovations by universities, from both students and professors. They have selected 42 projects estimated to generate RM1billion in revenue, with each open to public collaboration. But according to Robest, it is a difficult task but achievable. Because once you get Malayians to be creative and inventive, turning them into inventors is a whole new ballgame.
A lot of Innovation Workshops to day are just ar ts and crafts lessons. They get young attendees to create pretty things that are of little use, like paper flowers or wooden boats. says Robest. But what they should really do is teach that Necessity is the mother of all invention. If people wont need what youre inventing, they wont care for and wont pay for it. Aspiring inventors have a tendency to come up with ideas that only they appreciate and then complain ab out no one c ar ing and not making money. On the other hand, successful inventors always have
Another innovation by Robest is the Green Whizzard. It is a formulation of Probiotic Enzymes that helps to break down the nutrients in soil for easier absorption.
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their eyes peeled for commercial o p p o r t u n i t i e s , l i k e R o b e s ts Polyclone that filled a demand for quick rubber stamp creation. Its important to think without a box says Robest. Conventional wisdom holds one to think outside the box, but Robest insists there should be no box at all just the frame of mind required to seize opportunities. According to Rob est, to b e a successful inventor, you must observe the needs of human beings with an open mind and answer those needs
with innovation and invention. Back in the 1980s for example, Robest used to be a huge fan of Ayam Serama small, popular pet chickens. However, their eggs were tiny and fragile, ma k ing t he bre e ding pro cess considerably difficult enthusiasts created artificial incubators for these eggs. However, their homemade incubators were really ugly and sometimes unreliable. Robest saw an opportunity. He wanted to create a proper egg incubator but could not think of a design that would be practical, yet
aesthetically appealing. One day, while shopping at a supermarket, he saw a dish-drying tray that looked very nice Robest modeled the incubator after the trays design and sold each unit for RM400. Two separate things a dish drying tray and an incubator came together in the innovation process. He christened his latest invention, a disposable mini sauce plate, the POPaWare. The POPaware came about from observing how fast food restaurants serve their sauces. Tomato and chilli sauce usually come from dispensers, squeezed out onto small plastic sauce plates that tend to stick together in a stack. When a diner picks one, he would inevitably end up with more. As he parts the plates, he will contaminate the unused ones. The simplest solutions are often the best says Robest. I could have come up with a complex vacuum machine to suck and deliver individual plates, but my selection is more practical. I created sauce plates that are flat. To fill with sauce, you just have to depress the centre and the plate becomes concave. When flat, the sauce plates do not stick together, as a flat surface reduces static electricity friction. The idea for its design came from traditional Chinese paper lanterns added Robest.
The simplest solutions are the best says Robest Yong, instead of coming up with a complicated suction device to prevent 2 mini saucers to be dispended at one go, an inspiration from the traditional Chinese lantern brought about the idea for his latest invention the POPaWare.
Innonation!
Robest really hopes for Malaysia to become a nation of innovators. He spends a lot of time chatting
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Robest and Stephen Hawking at a banquet in Kuala Lumpur in 1994. Robest had earlier attended a lecture by Hawking called Is Physics Predictable?
with aspiring inventors, saying that he wishes to Inspire before I expire. Robest also gives talks at schools, universities, companies and government agencies. He was re cent ly inv ite d to t he Roya l Malaysian Naval Base in Lumut to give an inspirational speech, an d w i l l b e m a k i ng a re p e at appearance on the 25th of May at their headquarters. Robest also judges many Malaysian inventor competitions such as ITEX, MTE, PECIPTA and the National Innovation Award (which has an RM50,000 cash prize).
He also conducts creative work shop s for ch i l d re n and teenagers, partly organised by the Ministr y of Science (MOSTI) and various NGOs,
and was the first non-Muslim to conduct workshops at a Mosque in D amans ara for t he b enef it of Muslim chi ldren in t he community.
Malaysians are creative by nature but they have to put in more effort. We are like a nation of Usain Bolts who are not interested in running. If everyone exercised and improved their creativity, we could be a juggernaut of innovation. With such passion, drive and insight, perhaps Robests vision of an Inno-nation (Innovation Nation) will be realised very soon.
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THE nExT gEnErATion oF rEAcTorS

he depletion of fossil fuels is a reality, and to meet the worlds growing energy needs, a new, fourth generation of nuclear power plants is being designed and built to replace many current nuclear power plants that employ outdated technology. if scientists succeed in creating stable and efficient nuclear reactors, a safe but fully energized world could be a reality. But before we look at how the fourth generation of reactors will perform, lets first have a look at the worlds latest major nuclear mishap, at what went wrong and how it went wrong.
A Dangerous Accident
On the 11th of March 2011, an earthquake measuring 8.9 on the Richter Scale hit the coast of Japan and affected the operations of the Fukushima prefecture nuclear plant, decommissioning its main power supply. This was followed by a tsunami that permanently destroyed its backup power supply. After that, the reactors cooling system began malfunctioning, resulting in what researchers term a Station Blackout.
On the 9th of February 2012, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission authorised the construction of two new nuclear reactors at Georgia Powers Plant Vogtle nuclear power plant in Waynesboro, Georgia, the first to be approved in the country in 30 years.
Kenneth Bergeron, a nuclear-reactoraccident simulation expert at Sandia National Laboratories said in an interview just after the Fukushima mishap, The possibilities of a Station Blackout have been calculated by statisticians and they never really expected one to happen. A nuclear emergency situation was declared by the Japanese government after releasing a report that Fukushima plant had lost the capacity to cool its reactors. If the reactors arent cooled
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after nuclear fission, pressure builds up inside them, culminating in the lethal release of radiation. Two days after the accident, in a final attempt to cool the reactors, the plant was flooded with fresh seawater. All it takes for a reactor core to overheat is exposure to temperatures above water-coolant level for 20 to 50 minutes. With the reported presence of cesium-127, it was confirmed that the reactors were overheated. Another way to measure overheating
Nuclear energy can reduce our dependency on fossil fuels and (mitigate) global warming... Weve also almost fully utilised the hydro potential in Peninsular Malaysia(We need) nuclear plants to provide us base load power (continuous, non-fluctuating, energy supply).
Datuk Seri Che Khalib Mohamad Noh, President and CEO of Tenaga Nasional Berhad.
Nuclear Pressurized Water Reactor Process Diagram

Main Steam Isolation Valve Reactor Containment Control Rods Steam Generator Condenser Steam Steam Turbine
Generator
Cooling Water Return
Core
Reactor Coolant Pump (Internal) Reactor Coolant Pump (External)
Steam Generator Feed Pump
Main Feedwater Isolation Valve
Condensate Pump
Valve
Feedwater Heater
Condenser Cooling Water Pump Cooling Tower
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is by monitoring hydrogen levels hydrogen is produced when zirconium sheaths around the uranium rods react to heat and steam. On the Saturday after the plants power outage, an explosion occurred, believed to be due to high levels of hydrogen. The Prime Minister of Japan, Yoshihiko Nada said that 1 trillion yen (RM39.4 billion) was being budgeted to decontaminate the plants surrounding area. Neighbourhoods were evacuated, communities were disrupted, people were displaced, livelihoods and possessions were lost, and the number of suicides has risen. A Japanese farmer in Fukushima scrawled on the wall of his barn before taking his life: If only there wasnt a nuclear power plant.
Harzadous Benefits
Any breakdown in a nuclear power facility can have very dire effects. And the catastrophe at the Fukushima plant has led to serious questioning in Japan and elsewhere about the future of nuclear power. Despite the inherent risks, radioactive isotopes generate a lot more energy than fossil fuels or renewable energy sources. Uranium for example produces 500,000 megajoules of energy for every kilogram that is burned. (MJ/kg). Black coal burns 13-23 MJ/kg, natural gas burns 38 MJ/m3 and crude oil burns 45-46 MJ/kg. Overall, nuclear power can generate a million times more energy in a fission reaction
than by burning fossil fuels, and C02 emission levels are negligible as well. Also renewable energy is not a practical solution to the worlds energy crisis. In fact the amount of land needed for the construction of wind and solar farms to meet the worlds needs would damage the ecosystem. Renewable energy sources simply cannot produce the amount of energy required to do so. According to Jess Ausubel, head of the Program for the Human Environment at Rockefeller University, renewable
Previous page: Diagram of the nuclear plant on Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania, a Light Water Reactor (LWR) which suffered a partial meltdown on the 28th of March 1979. Top: The meltdown of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant caused the surrounding areas to be declared an exclusion zone, forcing locals to live in evacuation camps where they underwent radiation testing. Above: Currently under construction, the Sanmen 2 unit of the Sanmen Nuclear Power Station in Chinas Zhejiang province is due to begin operations in June 2014.
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Below: Donned in protective suits and masks, members of the media, accompanied by TEPCO employees, survey the ruins of reactor buildings Unit 3 and Unit 4 of Tokyo Electric Power Co.s (TEPCOs) Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant one year after it was devastated by the Thoku earthquake and tsunami. Next page: A photo dated October 2010 shows two employees hard at work at the construction site for the Fuqing Nuclear Power Plants No. 3 reactor in Fuqing city. The unit will begin operations in July 2015.
energy sources such as the wind and sun will not be able to meet the needs of the United States by 2030 Ausubel notes: Meeting the 2005 U.S electricity demand about 4 million megawatt-hours with round the clock wind would have required wind farms covering over 780,000 square kilometres. And the amount of energy generated in one [one quart of the core of a nuclear reactor requires 2.5 acres] of solar cells. However,
despite the efficiency of nuclear power, plant mishaps do occur and always make the front page news when they happen. Many current nuclear reactors are Light Water Reactors (LRWs), and are less efficient and pose a danger because uranium that is left unburned has to be disposed of very carefully, or its half-life will contaminate the environment. In 1987, there was an incident in Goiana, Brazil, when two scavengers unearthed a shallowly buried unit of decaying Caesium Chloride. They brought it home, showed their glowing curiosity to strangers and directly affected 100,000 of Brazils population with radiation. With LWRs, 99% of plutonium remains unburned. To solve this issue, two solutions have been recommended: The first is to design reactors that keep neutrons moving fast during the fission process so that uranium will be completely burned up. The resulting waste will have a half-life of several decades at most, compared with unused plutonium which takes 24,100 years to decay. The second solution is to use Thorium to fuel thermal reactors, as Thorium can eliminate the build-up of nuclear waste. It does not produce transuranic materials like Plutonium, Americium and Curium. Experts believe accidents like Fukushima can be prevented, or their repercussions mitigated by advancements in nuclear reactor
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technology. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission in the U.S. has suggested that nuclear reactors strengthen their vents so that hydrogen buildup can be contained and not result in fires, and electrical failures would not prevent them from functioning, b ot h o f w h i c h h a p p e n e d a t Fukushima. In China, a fourth-generation power plant is being built in Shandong province by Huaneng Nuclear Power Development Corp, the largest power group in the country. This plant utilises helium in its cooling system, and reactor cores can withstand temperatures of up to 1,600 degrees without melting down. With helium as a coolant, the reactors cooling
capabilities will be completely independent from external sources.
A Safer, Efficient Reaction

A number of reactors have been developed in this fourth generation, and are classified as either Thermal Reactors or Fast Reactors. Thermal reactors use slow or thermal neutrons. Thermal in this context doesnt mean hot, but rather that the neutrons are in thermal equilibrium with the medium they are interacting with the reactors fuel, moderator and structure. Thermal reactors use less energy than a fast reactor, and are used in most types of nuclear power plants.
Three types of thermal reactors being developed are the Very-hightemp erature-reac tor (VHTR), Supercritical-water-cooled-reactor (SCWR) and the Molten-salt reactor (MSR). The VHTR consists of a graphite-moderated core and a once-through uranium fuel cycle, with helium or molten salt coolants and an outlet temperature of 1,000 C. The reactor core will be a prismaticblock or pebble bed. Its high temperature will enable applications such as process heat or hydrogen production via the thermochemical iodine-sulfur process in a passively safe manner. A fast reactor produces energy with a fission chain reaction sustained by
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Aerial shots of the Fukishima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant show the structure before (bottom) and after (left) theThoku earthquake and tsunami which struck on the 11th of March 2011, triggering a series of equipment failures, nuclear meltdowns and subsequent release of large amounts of radioactive materials into the environment.
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fast neurons. They do not require neutron moderators but they use fuel which is relatively richer in fissile material than that used by thermal reactors. A major development in this field is the Gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR), already being built in China, which incorporates a fast-neutron spectrum and closed fuel cycle for efficient conversion of uraniumand actinide management. GFRs use helium as a coolant, with an outlet temperature of 850 C and
a Brayton cycle gas turbine for high thermal efficiency. At present, several fuel forms have been shortlisted for their potential to operate at very high temperatures while ensuring excellent retention of fission products such as composite fuel, advanced fuel particles or the ceramic clad elements of actinide compounds. The core will either be pin- or plate-based or in prismatic blocks. The fourth generation of thermal and fast reactors are designed for greater burning efficiency and cooling ability.
reactors produce only 1.9% of the countrys energy while 80% is produced by coal. The United States, the worlds second biggest consumer of energy draws 19.2% of its energy from nuclear power. There are currently 104 operating reactors in the U.S, the newest ones built in the early to mid-90s in Tennessee, Te x a s , N e w H a m p s h i r e a n d Pennsylvania. Considering the adoption of nuclear power is a worldwide trend, it is something that Malaysia cannot escape either. According to Tenaga Nasional Bhd (TNB) president and chief executive officerDatuk Sri Che Khalib Mohamad Noh, Malaysia will need a full-powered nuclear plant by 2020 in order to sustain its energy needs nothing will stop the increase in needs, even an economic downturn. Malaysia currently produces 60% of capacity but usage is growing. The country cannot rely on coal, because its prices fluctuate too frequently according to mining efficiency which is contingent on weather conditions. The cost of building a twin-unit nuclear plant is estimated to be RM21.3 billion by 2020.
Is the Future Nuclear?

The eventual depletion of fossil fuel is a reality and other kinds of sources such as biomass fuels are not enough to support the needs of the world. It is almost inevitable that nuclear power will be our main source of energy someday. China, the worlds biggest consumer of energy opened its first commercial nuclear station in 1994. There are currently 14 reactors operating in the country, another 26 under construction and 28 more being planned, according to the World Nuclear Association. But Chinas
The safe and efficient generation of nuclear power is a problem the international community has to solve if we are to continue using energy. Thankfully, there have been significant advances in the field with a fourth generation of nuclear reactors that focus on faster, more intense fission processes and self-sufficient cooling systems. The world awaits.
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Latest engineering gadgets

skyNeT
aUtOMOtiVe engineering
The Nest has many energy-efficient features, including the Energy History system that informs you of when its performance was least cost-effective.
The Skynet is a remote controlled robotic drone designed by Steven Dietrich of the Stevens Institute of Technology to infiltrate computers through wireless internet works. Remotely controlled with 3G technology, the drone reads and analyses information transferred over WiFi networks. The drone then uploads its findings to a cloud computing service to crack the networks WEP and WAP passwords and gain total control of the networked computers. Each computer under SkyNets control will share P2P communication with neighbours, so the hackers anonymity is maintained because communication among hacked computers is scattered, not centralised. A drones controller cannot be detected even if it is reversed-engineered. SkyNet is essentially a Parrot A.R drone with a Linux computer. Hobby hackers will love it for its cost efficiency you can make yourself at a cost of only USD$600.
The NesT
green engineering
Launched in October 2011, the Nest is a thermostat that manages the temperature of your house by learning your heating and cooling needs. Regularly thermostats must be programmed to a specific daily schedule. However, our lives rarely adhere to set timing the thermostat may heat up your house even if you are an hour late from work. The Nest solves this problem by creating a schedule tailored to fit your lifestyle. You only have to manually set the temperatures for a week while the Nest learns your living habits. At the end of the week, your house will be heated and cooled accordingly. The Nest is also energy efficient. Its installation involves the placement of sensors around your house that will sense your presence and engage the Auto-Away mode in your absence, ensuring that only minimal comfortable temperatures will be maintained so energy does not get wasted in heating or cooling an empty house. The Nest also has a proximity sensor which ensures that its screen illuminates only when approached.
Providing maximum anonymity, a SkyNETs controller cannot be discovered unless a forensic investigation is conducted on an apprehended drone.
Cognisant of its behaviour, the Nest is a step forward in air-conditioning innovation and to top it all off, it is also sleeker and nicer to behold than regular thermostats.
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Without the high cost and labour-intensive setup of industrial 3D printers, the Prntrbot 3D makes 3D printing accessible to regular consumers.
The PRINTRboT 3D
Printing does not usually grace the headlines of technology publications but it is an area in which a lot of progress is being made. A printer is usually perceived as something that just squirts ink, but printing technology is becoming more advanced and dynamic. Unlike milling or sawing, 3D printing is an additive rather than subtractive manufacturing process. Subtractive manufacturing process utilise power-driven machine tools to physically remove material to produce a particular geometry. However, additive manufacturing like 3D Printing does not subtract it starts from scratch. Using raw material such as plastic and resin, 3D printers build objects according to the intricate exactions of computer aided-designs. An extruder moves along an X,Y and Z axis to build 3D objects layer by layer, with layers only as thick as micron if necessitated by the objects resolution. 3D printing has been employed for three decades in indust r i a l contexts. Howe ver, t here is an increasing demand for 3D printers among non industrial users who would like to just experiment with ideas for products or create objects purely for recreational or artistic purposes. A 3D printer would usually cost up to USD$20,000 but the small lightweight Printrbot would set you back by USD$499 at most. The Printrbot is available in three different formats: a stripped down Printrbot is available for USD$200 but you will have to provide your own electronics. Or you can buy the basic printer components alone for USD$75, with the rest of the parts up to your procurement. The full kit will take 45 minutes to assemble and you should be printing your first 3D object in less than 2 hours.
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COnsUMer eLeCtrOniCs
tHe
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The PT PeN by balD TechNoloGIes

The PT Pen is an innovative USD input device that converts ordinary laptops into tablet computers with full pen touch-screen capability. This device will push your computers interactivity beyond its current limits. With the PT you can navigate your computer with the fluidity of a pen enabled touch-screen tablet, drawing and writing directly on document with varying line textures and brush strokes. It also works with handwriting recognition software and is compatible with most LCD monitors, laptops and netbooks that are 15.4 or smaller. The PT is easy to set up, with USB plug and play technology. A sensor on the pens tip equipped with infrared ultrasonic sensing ensures maximum precision and interactivity with computer screens. The PT Pen adapts to just about any Mac or PC software, including MINT annotation software, a graphical user interface that allows you to write, highlight, save, record and share your documents (notes, presentation, etc).
At USD$200, the PT Pen is perfect for business professionals, teachers, students, graphic designers among others.
COnsUMer eLeCtrOniCs
(healTh TableT)
swasThya slaTe
biOMediCaL engineering
Making the healthcare profession more mobile and accessible to less fortunate communities, the Swasthya Slate might revolutionise Indias medical services.
The Swast hya Slate is t he f irst of its k ind a health tablet. Designed by India-based biomedical engineer Kanav Kahol, the tablet is capable of Electrocardiography (ECG) readings, measuring heart rate, testing water quality, blood sugar and blood pressure, cardio vascular screening and body temperature gauging; providing enough information to make clinical judgments. It computes ECG readings at 1,000 Hz as well. Invented to address the pressing need for providing quality healthcare to rural India, the tablet is equipped with phone and video-conferencing capabilities so doctors are in touch with medical experts even while on the field. It is a small and portable (3.5 inches long) and connects via Bluetooth to a 16GB android tablet.
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All its data is synchronised with an online server that is accessible to qualified doctors. Kahol remarked, At present when Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) or Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) visit villages, they have to take people to the primary health centres to get tested. Hence, they wanted something that enabled them to make decisions and deliver better quality on the spot. Empowering them with the Swasthya Slate, the on-the-spot recommendation system and guidance by physicians through the phone/ video-conferencing will allow healthcare workers to monitor population health and also identify high-risk cases that need immediate care. The devices planned shelf-price hovers around US$75 to US$130.
The first generation of solar panels were big and bulky. The second generation were film-thin but environmentally unfriendly. Heliateks panels solve both these problems.
TINTeD elecTRIcITyGeNeRaTING wINDows

Heliatek, a German start-up has developed a new breed of solar panels using technology similar to OLED (organic light emitting diode) displays for phones and T.Vs. Thse solar panels are very flexible and a lot lighter than conventional crystalline panels, even generating as much power under unfavourable. First generation crystalline panels do not perform well during temperature changes and cloudy weather, and their manufacture requires expensive raw materials like silicon wafers. Haliateks third generation organic panels are as thin as film and flexible enough to be mounted on any solid surface. Also, these organic solar panels have a very bright future because policies may be implemented in Europe to require buildings to produce as much energy as they consume. Presently, Heliatek prices its panels at a premium because funding has not been received for mass-manufacturing. However, prices could drop by 50 to 40 cents per watt once funding is received. Based in Dresden, Heliatek is funded by Bosch and BASAF
green engineering
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THE
INGENIEUR
PUZZLES
Engineering Quiz d everywhere around us, un

e ticity states that th 1. ___ Law of Elas direct g is in extension of a sprin d to it. th the load applie proportion wi A) Youngs B) Roberts C) Hookes D) Poissons s es Principle relate 2. The Archimed buoyancy to____. A) weight B) displacement C) inertia D) tension
k can be fo much Engineering wor ing marvels. How chnology to amaz ke te engineering? Ta from mundane rs pertaining to know about matte do we e. e your knowledg this quiz to gaug
ntent in timber 4. The moisture co frames should used for building be____ A) 1%-4% B) 7%-11% C) 12%-15% D) 23% engineering? 5. What is kip in sin and A) A mixture of re plastic. ant to An industrial cool B) d. cool molten lea pounds. C) A force of 1000 nic rock D) A mixture volca and cement.
ucture was the tallest str 3. In 1885, what in the world? A) Eiffel Tower B) Big Ben g C) Flatiron Buildin Monument D) Washington
Engineering Humour
God, the Devil and the Engineer
Although locked in fierce competition for what seems like forever, God and the Devil meet once every week for coffee just to catch up with each other. One week theyre in heaven and the next theyre in hell. When it was Gods turn to host last week, the Devil was whistling a happy tune as he walked through the gates and wore a huge smile as he plopped down in the golden chair. As he poured a cup, God said, You look pretty pleased with yourself. Yeah, said the Devil, Things are really looking up since I got that engineer last week. Hes put in escalators and flush toilets, and he even found a way to control the heat in those old furnaces. Ive been meaning to thank you for turning him away up here.
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God looked stunned, and almost spilled coffee into the saucer. You know that youre not supposed to get any engineers, God said. Peter was breaking in some new help at the gates last week, and they must have made a mistake. Just send him back up and well straighten it out. But the Devil just chuckled and said, No. I think Ill keep him. He was talking about looking into better ventilation this week. I can see why you keep them all for yourself. Send him back, demanded God No, smirked the Devil. God thundered, Send him back, or... Or what? the Devil asked. Or Ill sue, finished God. The Devil chuckled again. Where are you going to get a lawyer?
PUZZLES
Inside an Engineer
Five surgeonswere taking a coffee break and discussing their work. The first said,I think accountants are the easiest to operate on. You open them up and everything inside is numbered. The second said,I think librarians are the easiest to operate on. You open them up and everything inside is in alphabetical order. The third said,I like to operate on electricians. You open them up and everything inside is color-coded.The fourth one said,I like to operate on lawyers. Theyre heartless, spineless, gutless, and their heads and their butts are interchangeable. Fifth surgeon said,I like Engineers...they always understand when you have a few parts left over at the end...
Wife or Mistress
An architect, an artist and an engineer were discussing whether it was better to spend time with the wife or a mistress. The architect saidhe enjoyed time with his wife, building a solid foundation for an enduring relationship. The artist saidhe enjoyed time with his mistress, because of the passion and mystery he found there.The engineer said,I like both.Both? Engineer: Yeah. If you have a wife and a mistress, they will each assume you are spending time with the other woman, and you can go to the lab and get some work done.
Basic Engineering Phrases Explained

Major technological breakthrough. Back to the drawing board. Developed after years of intensive research. It was discovered by accident. Project slightly behind original schedule due to unforseen difficulties. We are working on something else. Test results were extremely gratifying. It works, and are we surprised! The entire concept will have to be abandoned. The only guy who understood the thing quit. Close project coordination. We should have asked someone else; or, lets spread the responsibility for this. The design will be finalised in the next reporting period. We havent started this job yet, but weve got to say something. A number of different approaches are being tried. We dont know where were going, but were moving. The designs are well within allowable limits. We just made it, stretching a point or two. Preliminary operational tests are inconclusive. The darn thing blew up when we threw the switch.
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. (A) 5. (C) Engineering Quiz
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LigHTEr momEnTS
PUZZLES
Electrical Engineering Crossword

1 2
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Electrical Engineering Crossword
Down 2 The guy who repairs your blown fuse and installs new lights among others. 4 The unit of measurement for this is Volts. 7 Where the plug goes. 9 A hair dryer is an________. 13 Needed during a short circuit.
Down: 2) ELECTRICIAN 4) VOLTAGE 7) SOCKET 9) APPLIANCE 13) FUSE Across: 1) CHEESEBURGER 3) PE 5) CONTACTOR 6) RESISTOR 7) SWITCH 8) PLC 10)MCB 11) APPRENTICE 12) CIRCUIT 14) LINE 15) EMPLOYER
Across 1 An electrical engineer helped redesign this popular fast food item. 3 Short form for protective earth conductor. 5 This is represented in circuit diagrams with the letter Q 6 This can be calculated without Ohms Law. 7 A device to turn lights on and off. 8 Short form for a widely used control. 10 Short form for the number one circuit breaker. 11 A young person who learns a skill on the job. 12 Complete path of wires and equipment along which electric current flows. 14 Why phase conductors are called L1, L2 and L3. 15 Your boss is your ________.

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THE

MAR 2012 MAy 2012

EIFFELFACE OF PARIS TOWER THE ICONIC

THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER

A New Standard in R&D

Global ENGINEERING NEws

20 The Construction Industry Payment and adjudication act 2011

42 Tan sri stanley Edward Jewkes

66 a Next Generation of Reactors

50 The Eiffel Tower

74 The latest Gadgets

mEmbErs of thE board of EnginEErs malaysia (bEm) 2010-2012

YBhg Dato Sri Ir. Dr Judin Abdul Karim

Ir. Ashari Mohd Yakub

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Securing The Future

A History of Links The Evolution

The Penang Connection

The Large Hadron Collider

sPEEdING TowaRds P aNswERs

Behind the Machine

A visualisation of the LHC at work.

SEttlING DIffERENcES thRoUGh law (Part 2)

TAn sri sTAnLEY EDWArD lEGAcy JEWKEs A MoNUMENtAl

de Weldon. Tunku Abdul Rahman relocated the Mosque in 1965.

A MA LA YSI JUR UT ERA YSI A LEM BA GA EN GIN EER S MA LA BO AR D OF

ENERGy RENEWAbLE nd chance co IN AC TION ENGINEERS RoBest YonG H AD R O N THE LARGECOLLIDER

Expansive, Economic Beauty

Moulded by the Wind

THROWING OUT THE BOX robest yong