INDUSTRIAL FATIGUE

Reduction in the ability to do work as a consequence of previous work Negative apetite for activity Aspects Monotony-state of mind caused by doing repetitive tasks Boredom-lack of interest Reduction in quantity of work Feeling of tiredness Physiological changes Effect of fatigue Affects badly the muscles,nerves and mind of the workers Decrease a workers capacity to do more work Increase tendency towards making accidents Increase absenteeism and labour turn over rates Create disinterst in the work Results in loss of workers efficiency Introduce a feeling of weakness Disturbs chemical,physiological and psychological equillibrium Gives rise to monotony and boredom Causes and remedies Hours of work Increase in hours of work increase fatigue Eight hour day with a lunch break of 45 to 60 minutes is a good solution to reduce fatigue Working days of a week A five day week with 40 working hours showed highest hourly output Nature of work Complex muscular work-can be done with suitable material handling devices Minute and precise work-take rest pauses in between each unit production Mental task requiring continuous attention Work involving standing and abnormal postures-make use of ergonomics Working conditions Improper light, too cold or too hot atmosphere, insufficient ventilation, presence of bad smell, fumes, smoke, dust, noise, heavy protective clothing etc. Physical nature and surrounding social situations

COMMUNICATION
Process of conveying information Two way media for transmitting ideas, plans, commands, reports & suggestions Good communication motivate & stimulate to put extra effort. Success of leaders & organisation depends upon adequacy of communication.

Communication flow Three basic direction are: 1. Downward communication. Superior to subordinates. Concerned with introduction of new decision, clarification, requests, interpretation of previous decision 2. Upward communication. Subordinates to superior officers. Response to order from officers & request for higher level decision on operating problem. opinions , rumours, complaints, ideas, suggestions are made. 3. Crosswise communication. Between individuals working at same level & under one officer. Advice related to organisational activities are asked. Types Two types are used: 1. Oral . Given when face to face or communicated through telephone or messengers. 2. Written . Sending messages, instructions ,orders or information in writing. . Has more authority & leaves a record. ( Hearing problem & foreign language ) Factors for effective commn 1.CLARITY Simple and clear-understand fully. 2.CONSISTENCY With one another & objectives of organisation. 3. ADEQUACY Optimum flow of information- not everything. Heavy flow of information causes confusion 4.BALANCE BETWEEN ADAPTABILITY & UNIFORMITY Smooth working requires uniformity Adaptability is required when different situation & people are involved. 5.INTEREST & ACCEPTANCE We have to get a positive response Receiver must be capable & interested in accepting the message .(down & up flow) 2

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
Losses due to accidents Direct losses: Losses to employer (Compensation) Measured in terms of money. Indirect losses: Loss of time (Victim). Loss of time (Fellow workers). Loss of time (Supervisor). Assisting. Investigating & Reporting. Arrange Alternatives. Selection & Training new worker. Loss due to damage of machines. Loss due to reduction in efficiency (Recovered Victim). Loss due to reduction in efficiency (Others - morale) Losses to injured. Income, Medical Expense, Pain Cannot be compensated Causes of Accidents 1. Dangerous machines Boiler, pressure vessel, transmission system, prime movers. 2. Unsafe physical conditions Improper guards, illumination, ventilation, unsafe clothing. 3. Moving objects. 4. Personal factors Lack of knowledge, physical weakness. 5. Unsafe Acts Unsafe speed. Overloading. No safety devices. Unsafe procedure. 6. Electrical causes No protecting devices. Disobeying instructions violating precautions. Not using insulated tools. 7. Exposure to harmful substances Toxic gases, fumes, dust, vapour mist. Preventive Measures 1. Safety Guards. 2. Fencing. 3. Maintenance ( Boilers). 4. Testing (overhead M.H equipments periodically). 5. Physical condition (illumination, ventilation, cleanliness). 3

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Special Clothing (gloves, apron, goggles, no loose clothing). Stop m/c &Repair. Proper place for tools. Chip removal. Train and educate( play cards). Fire Hazard (15.25m). Electric accidents. Test insulation. Proper tools. Switch off. Safety equipments.

Types of Industrial Accidents Machinery Accidents : Inadequate safeguards. Non-Machinery Accidents : Personal reasons. Factors Responsible for Non-Machinery Accidents Age : More for Young. Experience. Physical Conditions : Lowered general health. Fatigue. Rate of production (Rate of change in accidents per manhour < rate of change in production per manhour) Atmospheric conditions (62.50F, Increases with temp.). Illumination.

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