Lecture 2 Classical Studies 301

4 Things to Know 1. Learn all vocabulary with the dashes -ous podie. para- (beside, beyond) -para (a woman who has given birth n times) different dashes give different meanings 2. Round brackets () in the vocabulary lists indicate an important aspect of a definition to be filled in by another term ie. -logy: study (of a subject) geology study of the earth Vocabulary quizzes in the tutorials a. must have dash b. dont need to include information in round brackets (with rare exception, when it is needed to complete the definition) ie. toe: dactyl-, not dactyl or dactyl -logy: study or study (of a subject) are both acceptable -ostomy: creation of a passage between (one organ) and (another organ), and NOT creation of a passage/ creation of a passage between and 3. Square brackets [] in the vocabulary lists provide further information or clarification ie. cheil-, labi-: lip; labium [pl. labia] -algia: pain [usually followed by in] 4. An asterisk indicates a homonym found in another module ie. in Mod. 2: ped-*: foot in Mod. 4: ped-*: child

Basic Components of Medical and Biological Terminology Ie. bi-: life + o: [a structural element without meaning]+ log-: (study) + -y: [a noun-forming element] = biology, study of life furthering bi-: life + o: [a structural element without meaning]+ log-: (study) + -ist: (one who specializes in) = biologist, one who specializes in the study of life even furthering micro- (small) + bi-: life + o: [a structural element without meaning]+ log-: (study) + -ist: (one who specializes in) = microbiologist, one who specializes in the study of small life 5 Components (PRST) Prefix + Root + Suffix + Termination + (*Connecting Vowel) - in a certain order, connecting vowels are placed in very specific locations 1. Root - the core component - usually an anatomical part; but can be an abstract idea; or a characteristic - no term lacks a root - roots always have dashes at the end - there are multiple roots for one organ or structure? A. because there is no hard and fast rule, options are in Greek and Latin ie. derm, dermat can be converted to dermatitis or dermitis B. because there are different translations! ie. ompha- [Greek] umbilic- [Latin] - can have more than one root ie. cephalcaudad moving in the direction of head to the tail 2. Suffix

OR Termination

- the 2nd required component - only either, and singular - root + suffix/ termination SUFFIX Broken into: 1. Grammatical Suffix -

has grammatical function create noun/ adjective/ verb (relatively rare) ie. cephaly (noun) gnathic (adj) cauterize (or ise) (verb) does same

2. Clinical Suffix -

function as grammatical suffix and has its own meaning

ie. -itis = inflammation (noun)

TERMINATION

standard combination of root + suffix

- made of root + suffix - never asked to take apart its parts ie. -plasty: surgical repair which is made of [plast-]: root -y: grammatical suffix which create a noun ie 2. -logist: one who specializes in which is made of [log-]: root -ist: clinical root 3. Prefix - least common component 4. Connecting Vowel - a structural element, inserted between some components, for pronunciation, clarity, and/ or euphony - o is the connecting vowel, always. ie. bi-o-logy steth-o-scope anthrop-o-logist

- ton-o-metryq - except i' (ie. calciferous)