Prokaryotes

Vs Eukaryotes
Pro Karyotes are pro nucleus, meaning they lack a nucleus, the simple have they DNa embibed within their structure, whereas a eu means true, and the Eukaryote has a nucleus. Prokaryotes are usually single cells and are most commonly found in bacteria and viruses opposed to Eukaryotes which are found in more evolved species such as plants and humans.

Prokayotes

Structure

Prokaryotes are not as complex as Eukaryotes, they don't have a real nucleus because the DNA is not held within the membrane. Instead it is coiled up inside a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. A bacterial Prokaryote consists of: Capsule - Found in some bacterial cells, this additional outer covering protects the cell when it is engulfed by other organisms, assists in retaining moisture, and helps the cell adhere to surfaces and nutrients. Cell Wall - Outer covering of most cells that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape. Cytoplasm - A gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also contains enzymes, salts, cell components, and various organic molecules. Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane - Surrounds the cell's cytoplasm and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell. Pili - Hair-like structures on the surface of the cell that attach to other bacterial cells. Shorter pili called fimbriae help bacteria attach to surfaces. Flagella - Long, whip-like protrusion that aids in cellular locomotion. Ribosomes - Cell structures responsible for protein production. Plasmids - Gene carrying, circular DNA structures that are not involved in reproduction. Nucleiod Region - Area of the cytoplasm that contains the single bacterial DNA molecule.

Life Cycle

Prokaryotes reproduce asexually through binary fission. This process is when the single DNA molecule replicates itself and divides into two separate but identical cells. Binary fission begins with the single DNA molecule replicating and both copies attaching to the cell membrane. Next, the cell membrane begins to grow between the two DNA molecules. Once the bacterium just about doubles its original size, the cell membrane begins to pinch inward. A cell wall then forms between the two DNA molecules dividing the original cell into two identical "daughter cells"

Eukaryotic Cells

Features:
The Internal Membrane - The membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer which functions like a gate which allows specific molecules to pass through the cells. Mitochondria and Plastids The source of energy for the cell to work, without this the cell would die. Cytoskeletal Structures The main structure that helps intercellular transport. Cell Wall The wall of the cell which provides external structure and support. Nucleus The main control room for the entire cell. It also contains the genetic information for mitosis.

Animal cells differ from other as they lack a cell wall and chloroplasts, and there are even more variations, for example there are 210 different types of cell within the human body. Plant cells have a larger distinct vacuole, a primary and secondary wall, a huge amount of chloroplast and chlorophyll, and higher plants lack the flagellae and centrioles that are present in animal cells. Fungal cells are most commonly related to animal cells and contain chitin, partitions called septa which allow the flow of cytoplasm organelles and nuclei. Gap necessary proteins are created for synthesis during G1 Synthesis DNA is synthesized during the S-Phase Gap During G2, the cells develop the proteins needed to separate. Mitosis The cells divide and separate during the M-Phase. One cell returns to the cycle where the new cells splits away to carry on other duties.

Life Cycle