Undergraduate Handbook 2013 Department of Geological Sciences

Explore.

SCIenCe

Cover Image Sikhote-Alin Meteorites.

Published November 2012 by the Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. The information included in this handbook is meant to be a general guide to the enrolment process. Full information on UCs General Regulations and Policies can found in the UC Regulations website at http://www.canterbury. ac.nz/regulations/

Contents

2 3 4 5 7 8

Welcome Geology at UC Graduate Profiles Why Geology? BSc Degree Structure Starting your BSc in Geology

9 11 14 15 16 17

Pathways Geology Courses Science Headstart Departmental Facilities Field Stations Field Work and Equipment Costs

18 19 20 21 22

Careers in Geology Postgraduate Programme Teaching Staff Design your Degree Contact Information

Welcome
Welcome to Geology at UC
Geology is an incredibly diverse and multidisciplinary subject. Its about understanding Planet Earth so that we can benefit human society and sustain the environment that supports us. Geologists are timetravellers. The scientific detective work on events in deep geological time help us to understand the present and both past and present are the key to predicting the future. Currently, many of our staff and post-graduate students are at the forefront of research associated with understanding more about the series of earthquakes that impacted so heavily on Christchurch city and the surrounding landscape over the last two years. The results of what has, and continues to be a huge research effort, will not only contribute significantly to the rebuild of a safer Christchurch, but will also be influential on a national and international level. Scientists all over the world will have a greater understanding of the hows and whys of plate tectonics, and engineers and architects will use our data to influence the way they design and build. As geologists we in Geological Sciences have a long-term commitment to improving our understanding of how our planet works, despite the fact that many of us are focussed on earthquakes right now. Questions such as: What is the pace of climate change and what can we do about future sea-level rise, and are there untapped energy and mineral resources both onshore and offshore New Zealand; are also increasingly important concerns both at the regional and global scales. Come and join us and help toward answering these questions and many more! We have excellent and challenging courses which prepare students for a diverse range of career options, such as in geo-exploration, volcanology, hazard management, engineering geology, environmental planning, water resources, science teaching and geoscience research - to name but a few! Our department has a very strong reputation for excellent teaching and support of its students. We are recognized as the best research department in the College of Science, and one of the best geoscience departments in New Zealand. We can offer you exciting, upto-date courses taught by active and informed staff in an environment where your safety is paramount. Geology offers a rich variety of learning opportunities for students. We wish you well in your studies at UC, and look forward to meeting you in the Department. Professor Jarg Pettinga Head, Department of Geological Sciences

Geology at UC

The Geology major offered at the undergraduate level provides a broad based introduction to Geology.
Staff and research students in the Department are engaged in research in four areas of geology that are important to society:

We expect all our Geology majors to study the three core papers:

Science Pathways at UC
School
(Year 13)

Geol 111 Planet Earth: An Introduction to Geology GEOL 112 Understanding Earth History GEOL 113 Environmental Geohazards.
Having gained an introduction to the range of Geology, many students start to favour particular facets of geology. Such interests are catered for in the major thematic areas described in pages 11 and 12. You will see that there is overlap between the streams. The overlap is important the area of Volcanology and Hydrothermal Systems, for example, is just as important to the study of ore deposits as it is to the study of Engineering Geology!

Workforce

Geology defining the dynamics and physical

history of the Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the physical, chemical, and biological changes that the Earth has undergone or is undergoing.

BSc
First Year Second Year Third Year

Engineering Geology the application of geological sciences to civil engineering design and construction practice, as well as geological hazards mitigation and mining. Hazards and Disaster Management the understanding of disasters and development of community resilience by risk management. Environmental Science the study of the
environment, incorporating its structure and functioning, and human interactions with the environment. Geology is taught by the Department of Geological Sciences. We offer 20 undergraduate courses in geology taught by an enthusiastic team of staff who have wide experience. We have special expertise in volcanology, geological hazards, engineering geology, active processes, Antarctic geology, geophysical exploration and palaeobiology. This means that geology at UC has first class teaching and research. It is exciting as well as being intellectually stimulating. Geology at UC offers something for everyone!

Diploma
PGDipSc PGDipEngGeol 1 year

Masters
MSc Part I 1 year Part II 1 year

Honours
BSc(Hons) 1 year

Entry into Geology

Entry into Geological Sciences is straight forward. However, students who have not completed Year 13 Science may find the Science Headstart summer course very useful. The diagram at right shows the different paths that may be followed to complete undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Geoscience.

Doctorate
PhD 3 year

A Career in Geoscience

Graduate Profiles

Zach Whitman
PhD Student
Coming from New York, USA, Zach Whitman has found Canterbury, New Zealand, the ideal place to study emergency management. Hazard management is a generally new field with a lot of possibilities, and discovering what those are is very exciting New Zealand offers me an excellent chance to observe many of the natural phenomena I study. Zach came to New Zealand to enrol in an MSc after completing a BA in Geology at Colgate University, USA. While doing his MSc he became interested in the impact of geological hazards on organisations. I chose to study at UC because of its Hazard and Disaster Management programme. The programme allows me to apply my background in geology to help understand how natural hazards affect organisations and more importantly the people working in them. The first geology class I ever took was a lab-based class that focused on the different techniques used in geochemical analysis. I was taught how to analyse the chemical composition of samples using a variety of laboratory techniques. What was so great about the class was that it was self-driven: you would create your own research objectives, collect and analyse the results, and report your findings. The format of the class prompted me to identify the heavy metal soil contamination in the river running through my hometown and locate the source of the contamination. After that, I was hooked.

Narges Khajavi
PhD Student
After four years teaching university students at the Islamic Azad University of Dezfoul in Iran, Narges decided it was time to further her own education overseas. I decided to continue my education and leave my country in order to gain more knowledge and experience in Geology, and also to have a new life, friends, and hobbies, she says. I chose to come to New Zealand because of its geological marvels and its pureness, and I chose UC because of its friendly, welcoming and openminded staff and students. Nargess specialist area of study is tectonics. I enjoy studying earthquakes and finding the relationship between them and other factors that affect and trigger them using statistical methods, she says. I am doing my PhD on active tectonics using LiDAR (light detecting and ranging) technology which is an optical sensing system for collecting topographical data. I want to build digital elevation models, high resolution topographic maps and geomorphic maps of the Hope Fault in the Marlborough Fault System from LiDAR data. This study will lead to more accurate determination of the magnitudes of earthquakes and their recurrence intervals for one of the most dangerous faults in New Zealand.

Carolyn Boulton
PhD Student
Carolyn came to the University of Canterbury planning to complete an MSc before returning to the workforce as a geotechnical consultant. After arriving, she was impressed with the facilities and staff in the Department of Geological Sciences and decided to pursue a PhD instead. The department has a unique high velocity ring shear, and I was keen to get it working, she explains. It is a fantastic piece of equipment that basically lets us create miniature fault zones and shear them at speeds reached by faults during earthquakes. Only a few universities have similar machines, and the ability to combine fieldwork in the Southern Alps with experiments in the laboratory has made my PhD experience world class. Carolyn would encourage anyone interested in studying geology to come to UC. If you are passionate about earth science, then Canterbury is a great place to study. The staff will do everything possible to get you a project that piques your interest and to see you through to submission.

Why Geology

Geology is the wide-ranging scientific study of our planet: its materials and structure, its natural processes and systems, its resources and history. We live on a dynamic Earth. In fact New Zealand is one of the most active regions of the world as our volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain ranges testify. Geologists (or geoscientists) investigate these natural phenomena and processes to understand how the planet works. One of the most difficult things to grasp is the vastness of geological time, yet it is this context that makes the scientific detective work, known as Geology, so fascinating. Many geological processes have changed through time, and contained in the rock record is evidence for the origin and biological evolution of life itself. Today Geology is a modern scientific multi-discipline using a wide range

combinations may lead you into the rapidly expanding areas of engineering geology, geophysics, geochemistry, hazards management or environmental science. Other powerful combinations are geology with commerce or law - this could lead you into management in the minerals industry or development of environmental legislation. International travel is a high expectation for a geologist. Advanced study on topics such as volcanic eruptions or earthquake activity may take you to several countries. You may do research in Antarctic geology which has many links to the geology of New Zealand. As a geologist you could be involved in the search for new mineral deposits, oil, gas or water - the precious resources on which our modern technological society is based. Why study geology? You could equally well be involved in the assessment of the environmental impact of If you are interested in the natural exploration or mining. Environmental and environment and want a challenging and conservation issues are part of any major exciting science-based career with ample travel opportunities, then geology is for you. proposal for land utilization and geologists have an important role in the planning The multi-disciplinary aspect of Geology process. Major building constructions means that you may wish to combine studies in geology with other subjects such such as roads, dams, reservoirs etc require geological expertise in the investigation as chemistry, biology, physics, geography, of sites and foundations. Geologists are mathematics or computer sciences. Such

of advanced instrumentation and methods. Airborne infrared imagery and gas sampling of active volcanoes, the chemical analysis of geological samples using X-rays and gamma-rays, the computer analysis of records from seismic detectors, the evaluation of climate change by looking at the rock and biological records - these are but a few examples. Geological research is no longer confined to planet Earth; Mars and other terrestrial bodies of our Solar System are being actively explored.

involved in the assessment of natural hazards and disasters including volcanic and seismic activity, erosion and flooding. Geological knowledge underpins many aspects of society in both developed and emerging economies. Earth is the only planet we have and sustains all life. An understanding of its history and how it works should be part of everyones education!

geology etc. Staff in the Department of Geological Sciences are always happy to give advice on the most appropriate course for each individual case.

Do I need chemistry, maths, physics or stats?

More and more areas of Geology require a basic knowledge of statistics, mathematics, chemistry and physics. To give you some examples, engineering geology and structural geology require a working knowledge of maths and basic algebra. The study of micro fossil populations requires some understanding of basic statistics. A basic knowledge of chemistry is fundamental to the study of igneous and metamorphic petrology and for geophysics and earth dynamics physics is a must. It is also worth keeping in mind that areas of geology which as recently as 10 years ago did not require maths, stats, physics or chemistry have now embraced these disciplines. There are many niches in geological sciences for those that are not chemically or mathematically inclined, but a background in these areas may

expand your options. Statistical analysis and computer modelling have become an essential part of geological research. Geology majors should think about taking STAT 101 and MATH 101.

Find maths or chemistry intimidating?

Mathematics and chemistry can seem intimidating to many - if you lack confidence in these (or havent taken them to year 13) but want to expand your background, dont worry! UC provides plenty of support. This includes introductory courses at 1st year that are specifically tailored to geologist needs e.g., Methods of Mathematics (MATH 101) and Introductory Chemistry (CHEM 114). There is also the Science Headstart summer programme to help you up-skill if you have no background in a range of science subjects, see http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/ bridging/headstart/. If in doubt, talk to one of our academic advisors.

What background do I need?

There are no specific requirements for starting First Year studies in Geology. Some knowledge of basic science is preferable but not essential, and students will find the subject both fascinating and educational regardless of whether or not they are majoring in Sciences. Students intending to proceed to advanced levels in Geology must take other science subjects. Although these are a matter of personal choice, students should take into account the various career pathways and the multidisciplinary aspects of the subject such as geophysics, geochemistry, environmental science, engineering

Field Geology course to Glens of Tekoa (GEOL 240).

BSc Degree Structure

The Bachelor of Science degree requires a minimum total of 360 points. At least 255 points must be from Science courses. The remaining 105 points can be from either Science courses or courses from other degrees. At least 225 points must be from courses above 100-level, with at least 90 points at 300-level, at least 60 of which must be in a single Science subject (unless specified otherwise) this is your major. For a double major you must complete 60 points in each of two Science subjects.

Bachelor of Science majoring in Geology - typical degree structure

GEOL 351 GEOL 352 GEOL 241 GEOL 112
300 Level

GEOL

300 Level

GEOL

300 Level

GEOL

300 Level

GEOL

300 or 200 300 or 200

Level Level

Year 3
GEOL 240 GEOL 242 GEOL 113 GEOL 243 MATH 101 GEOL 244 STAT 101 GEOL 245 100 Level GEOG 205 100 Level 200 Level 100 Level

Year 2
GEOL 111

Year 1
Geology major required courses Strongly recommended not required Courses from Science or other degrees

All students are encouraged to include 15 points of Statistics or Mathematics, which will count as a Science course. Students completing a BSc degree with very good grades are eligible to be admitted into a BSc(Hons) which is offered as an accelerated 12-month full-time postgraduate degree. Each small block represents a 15-point course. However, some courses may be 30 points (or more).

Course workload
You should make sure you dont enrol in too many courses. As a guide, a normal first-year workload for a full-time student is 105120 points (7 to 8 courses). At some levels, you may need to take a mix of 15 point courses and courses with a range of other point values. A typical full-time student with a good NCEA Level 3 or scholarship result would aim for 120 points each year. This may look like a relatively light programme in terms of lecture hours, particularly in non-laboratory courses, but a university student is expected to complete most of their workload outside formal contact hours through personal study, reading, assignments. If you take too heavy a load this will affect your performance in all your courses. Students enrolling in only one semester should select courses totalling 4560 points. You will receive a workload warning letter or email if you exceed 75 points in a single semester.

Lectures, labs and tutorials

Once enrolled you can access your timetable information through an online tool called My Timetable*. This can be accessed at https://mytimetable.canterbury.ac.nz and via UC Student Web and Learn. Timetable information for individual courses* can also be found at www.canterbury.ac.nz/courses. Please keep re-checking your timetable up to and through the first two weeks of the semester, as some timetable details may be subject to minor change. Some departments will allow you to choose certain class times to suit your personal timetable in the first weeks of a course. Your lecturer will advise you of the process if this option is available. You will find a class planner for the first semester on page 23 of this guide. For more timetable details go to www.canterbury.ac.nz/theuni/timetable/.
* Timetable information will be added shortly after the enrolment period opens in October 2012.

UC Undergraduate entrance scholarships

The University of Canterbury offers $13.5 million in scholarships and prizes annually. Whether you are a new or returning student, an undergraduate or postgraduate student, a domestic or international student, you could be eligible for a scholarship at UC. Undergraduate Entrance Scholarships If you got merit or excellence endorsements in Year 12 or Year 13 in 2013 (or their equivalent), you are automatically eligible to receive a cash scholarship ranging from $1000 to $3000. For more information go to http://ucmerit.ac.nz/ Searching for scholarships For a complete list of the scholarships for which you might be eligible, go to the Scholarship Search webpage (http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/ scholarshipsearch/ScholarshipSearch.aspx) and select the Level that applies to you from the drop down menu. You can also search by College or School, by Subject or by type of student (under Specifically for) by selecting the appropriate choice from the various drop down menus.

Starting your BSc in Geology

Geological Sciences Major
The Bachelor of Science, or BSc degree, is a three year undergraduate degree requiring 360 points. The Department offers a single undergraduate major in Geological Science (GEOL). Our three core 100 level courses provide a comprehensive overview of geology, from which our 200- and 300-level courses provide advanced training in specialised areas. We believe that this broad approach in curriculum delivery is of great benefit to student learning. To major in GEOL, students must have GEOL 111 and 112. To gain a pass a student must do satisfactory practical work in laboratory classes and in field courses as well as performing satisfactorily in written tests and examinations. Students who have not taken Maths (with Calculus) to Year 13 or Scholarship level should strongly consider taking 15 points of MATH (e.g. MATH 101) before enrolling in 200 level courses. Students intending to enrol for fourth year courses should have gained the equivalent of at least 90 points in 300 level GEOL courses. GEOL 351 and 352 are essential for ALL intending postgraduate students.
Choosing your courses in first year
Starting your BSc in Geology is straightforward. Geological Sciences offers a range of streams to make planning your degree easy and still allows you to create a personalised degree that suits your interests. See pages 11 and 12 for stream details. Most students begin by taking the core geology courses during their first year at Canterbury, but students who discover an interest in geology later can also take the core courses during their second year. The three core courses are: GEOL 111 Planet Earth: An introduction to Geology GEOL 112 Understanding Earth History GEOL 113 Environmental Geohazards GEOL 111 and 112 are required for your Geology major, GEOL 113 is recommended.

After your first year

Second year courses in Geology are semesterised and each of 15 points value. Two courses, GEOL 240 and GEOL 241 deal with Field Studies in Geology. Here we abandon the classroom and the laboratory and take to the Canterbury hills or the West Coast to learn what geology is like in practice. These courses are a great learning experience and great fun. In addition there are four other courses, GEOL 242-245, making it a total of 90 points in Geology 200 level courses. We regard these as CORE courses, highly recommended for those students wishing to take up careers in Geology. Most students, majoring in Geology, take all six 200 level Geology courses. Third year courses are more specialised and there are a number of options depending on your preferences and objectives. GEOL 351352 are Advanced Field Studies courses and essential for students wishing to proceed to postgraduate study. Some 300 level courses have specific 200 level course prerequisites. The minimum requirement to complete a BSc majoring in Geology is 60 points at 300 level (within your 360 point total) but in practice most students take six GEOL 300 point courses together with GEOL 351 and 352 in order to demonstrate a broad and credible coverage of advanced level learning.

What other courses should I take?

More and more areas of geology require a basic knowledge of statistics, mathematics, chemistry and physics. For example, Volcanology and Geothermal Research requires a working knowledge of chemistry, the study of Engineering Geology requires some understanding of basic algebra and mathematics whereas statistics is a must in areas as diverse as Geological Hazards, Basin Studies and Environmental Changes. There are many niches in geological sciences for those that are not chemically or mathematically inclined, but background in these areas may expand your options.

Pathways
Geohazards and Tectonics
Preamble
The world in the 21st century is becoming an increasingly dangerous place, in spite of mind-boggling developments in science and technology. Destruction due to natural hazards appears to be continuing to increase exponentially, threatening developments and lives in many countries. New Zealand is intrinsically one of the most dynamic and dangerous countries on Earth, with floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and tsunami all threatening a rapidly growing first-world economy. This is an ideal location to investigate the science behind the geological event. The postgraduate programmes in Hazard and Disaster Management are designed to lead developing ways to manage and mitigate risk of natural hazards.

Research Topics
Active Tectonics and Landscape Evolution Earthquake Processes Structural Geology Volcanic Hazards Basin Development

Career Path
Hazards analyst/officer/manager, Regional/District/ City Council Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management; emergency management adviser, policy adviser Hazards analyst, Ministry for the Environment Hazards analyst, environmental/engineering consultancy Risk analyst; insurance or investment company Environmental/landscape risk management consultancy Crown Research Institute/University (with PhD) Insurance/banking/investment/reinsurance

Recommended Courses
A first year course in MATH and a second year introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a great advantage, but not specifically required.

Energy and Resources

Preamble
Resources and energy to support civilization are derived from a variety of geological processes. Understanding the formation of mineral and petroleum deposits in volcanic, sedimentary and tectonic settings is vital to the search and evaluation of Earths resources. Traditional energy resources of coal and petroleum remain widely used but New Zealand sits at the forefront of alternative resources such as geothermal power. The enormous amount of heat energy associated with volcanoes and their roots can be tapped into by drilling into fossil or active geothermal systems. Economic mineral resources can be recovered from drilling and mining fossil systems. The resultant power from active systems is clean and renewable, and hence is becoming increasingly popular with Governments worldwide.

Research Topics
Geothermal and Hydrothermal Resource Development Physical Volcanology Petrology and Minaralogy Coal Geology Petroleum Basins

Career Path
Industry:
Power utilities - exploration, research and management Mining companies - exploration, research and management (coal and minerals) Consultants for geotechnical companies Petroleum industry

Recommended Courses

A first year course in CHEM, PHYS or MATH is an advantage, but not specifically required

Government Ministries and Agencies

A volcanologist working at a volcano observatory A volcanologist at a University teaching and/or doing research (with PhD) Government Ministries and Agencies Local & Regional Councils Research Laboratories

Engineering Geology
Preamble
An engineering geologist is a person who uses his or her knowledge of the geological sciences together with knowledge of engineering analysis and design to provide services in consulting, investigation, planning, design or supervision of engineering projects by ensuring that the geological elements affecting the project are properly understood, incorporated and addressed by the design engineers. The engineering geology programme is a specialisation that provides the instruction required for application of geological skills and knowledge to engineering design and construction. This is the only program of its kind in Australasia and students completing this program are highly sought by employers, both at home and abroad. The engineering geology program is only offered at the postgraduate level, which provides students with the foundation necessary either to enter the workforce as an engineering geologist or to continue in academia by conducting Doctoral level research.

Research Topics
Rock Mechanics Tunnel Excavation and Slope Stability Geotechnical Investigations Groundwater Mining and Environment Issues Geophysics

Career Path
Consulting
Geological Consultants Engineering Geology Consultants Civil Engineering Consultants Environmental Consultants Consultants to Specialised Engineering Fields (tunnelling, mining, rail, oil and gas, geothermal) Mining Companies Heavy Civil Construction Companies Oil and Gas Companies Power Utilities (i.e. hydro, geothermal) Government Ministries Local and Regional Councils Crown Research Institutes Universities Research Laboratories

Industry

Recommended Courses
First year course in MATH or STAT.

Government Ministries and Agencies

Climate and Environment

Preamble
Environmental and climate change through time is fundamental to our understanding of how our planet works and of how life evolved. The formation of ocean basins and the creation of mountainous topography by tectonic processes exerts a first order control on global climate as it controls the pattern of ocean currents and atmospheric flow patterns. There are many different archives of past climate and environmental changes that can be explored in order to interpret the present and predict future development. For example, Quaternary glaciations/cold periods and related geomorphological processes have formed and modified most of todays land surface. Our research includes geochronological, geomorphological and sedimentological investigations of the nature of past ice advances. Stable isotopes can be used as palaeoclimate and paleobiological proxies to reconstruct the earth system response to perturbations in the system, whether human or natural or extraterrestrial. Some perturbations are made by human activity. We study the environmental impacts of human activities on lakes and and in estuaries. We work on extinction and diversification processes in the ocean and the dispersal and biogeography fauna. Global climate change and environmental responses will affect the lives of all people and we use the study ancient global changes to better inform ourselves as to future changes. Reconstructing past environments and past geography is also important to utilizing our petroleum and coal reserves. The landscape in which the plants and kerogens developed must first be understood before they can be adequately mined. Paleontology, sedimentology, and biogeochemistry are key to the petroeum industry. Understanding the fundamental process of tectonic activity and how it interfaces with processes at the earths surface (biosphere, atmosphere, pedosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere) is fundamental to understanding the environmental or climate change. Understanding how the various subdisciplines (e.g. Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, Atmospheric Sciences, Tectonics, Geomorphology, Geochronology, Geophysics etc.) are interlinked on geologic timescales is a fascinating and farreaching aspect of the Earth Sciences.

Career Path
Industry
Environmental cleanup companies Hydrogeology companies Consultants for Govt agencies around Resource Management Petroleum companies - exploration, research, management, environmental mitigation Coal Mining companies- exploration, research, management, environmental mitigation Consultants for exploration companies

Government Ministries and Agencies

Earth Scientist at a University teaching and/or doing research (with PhD) Earth Scientist at governmental or independent research agency (globally and domestic) e.g. GNS Govt. Conservation departments and agencies Global Change and related educational organisations worldwide Government Ministries and Agencies (e.g. DoC) Local & Regional Councils around the environment and the Resource Management Act (e.g. ECan) Research Laboratories

Research Topics
Palaeoclimate Palaeoenvironment reconstructions and Palaeogeography Stable isotope geochemistry and biochemistry Glacial, Process and Climate Geomorphology Tectonic geomorphology Sedimentology and Basin Analysis Quaternary geochronology Palaeontology

Recommended Courses
A first year course in MATH is a great advantage, but not specifically required.

Geoeducation and Science Communication

Preamble
The way we access and communicate science information is changing fast. The graduate attributes most desired by employers are communication and interpersonal skills. In the department of Geological Sciences, we are actively researching better ways to learn and communicate geological information. These methods range from interactive techniques in lectures and labs, role-play disaster scenarios, to the use of videogame technology. The result is a dynamic learning environment in the department where students graduate with a full set of desirable graduate attributes and a consciousness of the information age in which we live. We also offer the opportunity for students to actively research and test new methods for learning and communicating through collaborations with the Universitys Academic Development Group, the Human Interface Technology Lab, the College of Education and local Secondary schools in Canterbury.

Research Topics
Improving Traditional Learning with Interactive Techniques in the Classroom Disaster Role-play Scenarios and Simulations Learning in the Laboratory and on Fieldtrips Intergrating Maori Perspectives in Experiental Learning on Fieldtrips Science Communication with the Public and the Media Development and testing of Geological Videogames and Applications to Improve Learning

Career Path
Educational research is useful for any career path following on with a degree of Geology Grounded educational research: qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods; Graduate skills (attributes) such as writing, critical thinking, communicating, teamwork, and decision-making are emphasized in this research path. Possible careers include:
Educational Researcher Government or industrial geologist with an emphasis on project management University lecturer/academic advisor High School Science or Earth Science teacher Science communicator with the Media (TV, Internet, Written media)

100-level
Required: GEOL111 and GEOL112 Required for honours: Geology: 60 points from 100-level Astronomy, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Computer Science, Geography, Mathematics, Physics or Statistics. Engineering Geology: 15 points of 100-level Mathematics and a further 30 points from 100-level Astronomy, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Computer Science, Geography, Physics or Statistics.

200-level
Required: 45 points from 200-level GEOL Recommended: GEOL 240 and GEOL 241

300-level
Required: 60 points from 300-level Geology Recommended: GEOL 351 or GEOL 352 Required for BSc(Hons) in Geology and Engineering Geology, PGDipSc in Geology, PGDipEngGeol, or MSc in Geology or Engineering Geology: a minimum of 90 points of 300-level GEOL, including GEOL 351 and GEOL 352 (105 points are recommended). At least 15 points of 100-level MATH, or a demonstrably equivalent standard in Mathematics, are a prerequisite for entry to 400-level ENGE

10

Geology Courses
To gain a pass a student must do satisfactory practical work in laboratory classes and in field courses as well as performing satisfactorily in written tests and examinations.
Key P: C: RP: R: Pre-requisites Co-requisites Recommended Preparation Restrictions

GEOL 113
Semester 2

Environmental Geohazards
15 points

GEOL 241 Field Studies B Field Techniques

Semester 2 15 points Geological mapping involves the observation, recording and interpretation of field data, and is a fundamental skill required by all practicing geologists. GEOL 241 introduces field techniques to students these include identification and description of metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary rocks, measuring stratigraphic columns, collection and interpretation of rock deformation structures. GEOL 241 comprises 7 days field geology, based in Westport and Christchurch, during August/September, and 7 x 2 hour laboratory classes, before and after the field trip as an introduction to field techniques, and as post-trip interpretation of collected field data.
Lect: No lectures Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week P: GEOL 111 and GEOL 112, or, with a B+ average, or a standard acceptable to the Head of Department, GEOL 113 may be substituted for GEOL 111 or 112 R: GEOL 231 C: 15 point from any of GEOL 242-245 offered in the same semester

GEOL 111
Semester 1

Planet Earth: An Introduction to Geology

15 points

The lecture course covers such topics as the Earth and its interior, an introduction to continental drift and plate tectonics, earthquake activity, geomagnetism, absolute dating, minerals and rocks, igneous processes and volcanoes, sedimentary processes in marine, river and glacial environments, metamorphic processes, evolution and dating of the Earths crust. A comparison will be made with processes and rock types on the Moon and other planets as well as introducing topics related to critical zone processes (terroir) and medical geology. Practical work includes the study and recognition of common minerals and rocks in hand specimen, and the significance of outcrop relationships in terms of geological history.
Lect: 3 x 50 minutes per week Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week

GEOL113 Environmental Geohazards provides a general introduction to the dynamic nature of the Earths surface, and the hazards that certain geological phenomena pose for human society and the natural environment. Emphasis is placed on natural processes, specifically earthquake, volcanic, flood (inundation) and landslide hazards, with selected examples of both disastrous events and hazard mitigation techniques. There is significant focus on the recent earthquake sequence in Canterbury in both lecture and practical components of the course.
Lect: 3 x 50 minutes per week Lab: no laboratories

GEOL 240 Field Studies A Mapping

Semester 1 15 points Geological mapping involves the observation, recording, presentation and interpretation of field data, all fundamental skills required by practising geologists. Students enrolling in GEOL240 will prepare a geologic map, crosssection, and written report for the Glens of Tekoa area of North Canterbury based on field data collected during a 5-day fieldtrip held during semester break. Laboratory exercises will introduce fundamental field techniques and geological map reading skills. Specific field trip dates will vary from year-toyear pending enrolments and the UC Calendar. Assessment in GEOL240 is based on two geological mapping exercises (75%) and a laboratory examination (25%).
Lect: No lectures Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week P: GEOL 111 and GEOL 112, or, with a B+ average, or a standard acceptable to the Head of Department, GEOL 113 may be substituted for GEOL 111 or 112 R: GEOL 230 C: 15 point from any of GEOL 242-245 offered in the same semester

GEOL 242 Rocks, Minerals and Ores

Semester 1 15 points The course will provide an introduction to mineralogy, igneous and metamorphic petrology, and related ore deposits. Basic principles of mineralogy and microscopy will be built upon to describe and interpret igneous, metamorphic and economically important rocks and minerals. The practical work involves naming and describing hand samples of common minerals, rocks and ores. In addition each student will be allocated a microscope for the laboratory work, and selected samples will be additionally examined and described in thin section and/or polished mount using transmitted light microscopy. The lectures provide a theoretical background to some of the practical work (such as optical mineralogy and rock classification), but also provide an introduction to important mineralogical and rock-forming processes.
Lect: 3 x 50 minutes per week Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week P: GEOL 111 and GEOL 112. With a B+ average, or a standard acceptable to the Head of Department, GEOL 113 may be substituted for GEOL 112. R: GEOL 232, GEOL 238

GEOL 112 Understanding Earth History

Semester 2 15 points The Earth has had a continuously active history since its formation more than 4 thousand million years ago. The course will start by outlining the basic rules of geological history that govern the relationship of different rock units in the Earths crust. The nature and origin of structures produced by deformation within the Earths crust will be explained. New Zealands dynamic setting astride an active plate boundary will be used to explain the relationship of structure, deformation and earthquake activity in New Zealands geological history. Practical work includes an interpretation of simple geological maps and structures; types of fossilization and examples of common invertebrate fossil groups.
Lect: 3 x 50 minutes per week Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week

See central timetabling for all lectures and laboratories at www.canterbury.ac.nz/theuni/ timetable/ GEOL 240 and 241 are essential prerequisites for GEOL 351 and 352 and for those students wishing to proceed to postgraduate study in Geology and Engineering Geology. It is strongly recommended for all students wishing to major in Geology and Engineering Geology.

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GEOL 243 Depositional Environments and Stratigraphy

Semester 1 15 points This course focuses on modern sedimentary environments at the surface of the Earth as a key to interpreting the past in geological history, and the techniques and approaches that allow geologists to deal with geological time. The course opens with lectures and laboratory classes that introduce the principles of fluid flow, sediment transport, and sedimentary depositional environments and how these processes affect the texture and composition of sedimentary rocks.
Lect: 3 x 50 minutes per week Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week P: GEOL 111 and GEOL 112, or, with a B+ average, or a standard acceptable to the Head of Department, GEOL 113 may be substituted for GEOL 111 or 112 R: GEOL234 and GEOL235

GEOL 245 Earth System Science

Semester 2 15 points Dynamic interactions between the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere determine the natural conditions of Earth at all spatial and temporal scales. These interactions cycle matter and energy through the earth system via coupled chemical and physical processes. For example, the tectonic uplift of mountain belts alter atmospheric circulation patterns which in turn influence regional climate conditions promoting revisions to biodiversity. The time scale over which such events operate, and the specific age at which certain events occur in the geological record, represent the foundations of geochronology.
Lect: 3 x 50 minutes per week Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week P: GEOL 111 and 112 or with a B+ average, or a standard acceptable to the Head of Department, GEOL 113 may be substituted for GEOL 111 or 112 In addition 15 point from GEOG, BIOL, CHEM or MATH R: GEOL234 RP: 100-level MATH course strongly recommended

GEOL 334 Tectonics and the New Zealand Continent

NOT OFFERED IN 2013 The first half of the course will focus on tectonic and structural aspects of convergent and divergent plate margins. An overview on subduction zones, collisional orogens as well as extensional margins and rifts will be provided. We will be seeking to discover what structural geology can tell us about mountain building processes, relationships between deformation and metamorphism and the feedback between tectonics and climate. In the second half of the course will focus on four major topics, the origin of the New Zealand basement rocks and terranes, the protracted history of subduction-related magmatism, the break-up of the basement and isolation of New Zealand in the Cretaceous, and the structure and tectonics of the present plate boundary.

GEOL 244 Structural Geology and Global Geophysics

Semester 2 15 points When rocks in the Earths crust are subjected to stresses generated by dynamic tectonic processes, they are deformed into a variety of structures. The material properties of rocks affect the way in which they respond and this course introduces the physical principles, which explain the origin of common structures, such as folds and faults. While the lecture course emphasizes the nature and origin of the range of deformation structures, the laboratory course concentrates on the practical geometric methods associated with deriving and representing the three dimensional form of such structures. This involves the use of various projection techniques to solve problems that are commonly encountered in geological practice. In the latter part of the course, a synthesis of the way in which characteristic associations of structures develop into distinctive styles in different tectonic settings are introduced.
Lect: 3 x 50 minutes per week Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week P: GEOL 111 and GEOL 112, or, with a B+ average, or a standard acceptable to the Head of Department, GEOL 113 may be substituted for GEOL 111 or 112 R: GEOL233 and GEOL236

GEOL 336 Magmatic Systems and Volcanology

Semester 2 15 points This course is designed to examine the nature, origin, and interpretation of igneous rocks and mineral assemblages as well as the magmatic processes that have produced these materials. Additionally, it aims to develop an understanding of the petrological evolution of the crustal lithosphere within a modern plate dynamic framework. Students taking this course will receive a broad grounding in the experimental, petrographical and geochemical aspects of igneous petrogenesis and magmatic processes. In the second term, emphasis will be given to the petrological aspects of volcanology which will benefit those students wishing to do volcanological research. This course consists of two lectures and one laboratory class per week for the second semester.
Lect: 2 x 50 minutes per week Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week P: GEOL232 or GEOL242 and an additional 15 points from GEOL243-245

GEOL 331 Principles of Basin Analysis

Semester 1 15 points The aim of this course is to introduce basin analysis and the techniques used to reconstruct depositional, post-depositional, and burial history. The lecture programme will include: basin formation and tectonic setting, subsidence mechanisms, sedimentary responses to tectonic activity and modern examples of basin types drawn from Australasia. An introduction to various techniques used in basin analysis will include provenance analysis and seismic reflection and sequence stratigraphy.
Lect: 2 x 50 minutes per week Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week P: GEOL 243, plus an additional 15 points from GEOL242-245 RP: GEOL242 or GEOL244 C: Students taking GEOL 331 are also recommended to take GEOL 351, 352, and GEOL 334

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GEOL 337 Exploration and Mining Geology

Semester 1 15 points Mineral Exploration encompasses many of those areas of geology within which many university graduates find employment, and specialist postgraduate courses are recommended for those wishing to pursue professional careers in these disciplines. Geochemical and geophysical exploration techniques are widely used in the location of ore bodies by identifying chemical and/or physical anomalies that justify follow-up by drilling and other sampling or testing methods. Modern exploration is typically concept-oriented, given that the majority of outcropping ore deposits have already been located. An understanding of ore genesis models is critical to the identification of geological environments in which particular ores or non-metallic deposits might be found. GEOL242 provides useful and important background material.
Lect: 2 x 50 minutes per week Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week P: GEOL 242 and an additional 15 points from GEOL 243-245

GEOL 351 Advanced Field Techniques

Semester 1 15 points The course is designed to integrate different types of geologic data to interpret a geologic history of a region through examination of sedimentary, metamorphic and volcanic rocks. Students will chose between one of two concurrently running field trips outlined below (West Coast or Oamaru). Both field trips have the same teaching goals and both support study in other 300 level courses. Field teaching takes place off-campus and a reasonable degree of physical fitness is desirable.

GEOL 353 Past Climates and Glaciations

Semester 2 15 points
This course examines the climatic history of the Earth, beginning with a look at climate drivers in the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic with an emphasis on New Zealand Tertiary and Quaternary climate events and glaciations, and their relationship to global events. The first part of the course focuses is on the causes and effects of palaeoclimate and oceanographic change in the past, and the resultant influence on evolution. The middle and later parts of the course cover the history, dynamics, and consequences of Quaternary glaciations and related environmental changes. The lectures aim to be topical examinations of major issues in bio-geosciences and draw on a broad base of geological evidence rather than being heavily focussed within palaeontology. The lectures are supported by a seminar series in which students research and present a topic of their interest, and a series of related laboratory classes in which students learn how to process and present related data in a scientific way.
Lect: 2 x 50 minutes per week Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week P: GEOL243 and additional 15 points from GEOL 242GEOL245. RP: GEOL 245

Field trip options

West Coast This trip to Westport focuses on the Cretaceous history of Gondwana breakup the development of the New Zealand land mass by examining metamorphic core complex deformation and associated basin deposits leading up into the Tertiary sequence and coal basins. (Likely dates 2-9th April - TBC) Oamaru This field trip focuses on Cretaceous to early Miocene geological history and facies patterns in response to tectonics through interpretation of basaltic volcanics, and siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary environments. (Likely dates 11-18th April - TBC)
P: CR: (1) GEOL 230 or GEOL240 (2) GEOL 231 or GEOL 241 (3) 45 points from GEOL242-245 15 points from GEOL331-338 offered in the same semester

GEOL 338 Engineering and Environmental Geology

Semester 2 15 points Engineering Geology as a discipline is concerned with site and foundation conditions, geological and geotechnical hazards affecting a particular development, and availability of construction materials. All civil and mining projects impact on the natural environment, and concern for sustainable development requires careful consideration and the mitigation of negative effects of projects. Conventional civil site investigation practice involves evaluation using invasive techniques (drilling; trenching; etc), and can benefit from the use of noninvasive geophysical methods to provide additional site data. Mining operations and their environmental impacts require careful consideration of the landscape and of the geochemical effects associated with ore recovery, processing and waste management.
Lect: 2 x 50 minutes per week Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week P: GEOL242 and an additional 15 points from GEOL243-245

GEOL 352 Advanced Field Techniques

First semester
15 points (This field course will run Feb 11-17th PRIOR to the start of semester one)

GEOL 354 Geodynamics and Geohazards

Semester 2 15 points This course focuses on the processes and impacts of geological hazards and how they impact on society. Some attention is given to techniques and strategies for hazard mitigation. Lectures on the tectonic evolution of New Zealand provide a framework for understanding contemporary earthquake, volcanic and landslide hazards. Topics such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, liquefaction, rockfall, flooding, tsunamis, glacial hazards, will all be addressed. Case studies revealing how natural and human environments were impacted by these hazards, and how these hazards were successfully (or unsuccessfully) mitigated will be presented. Students taking this course will gain an understanding of the fundamentals of geological processes and impacts that will greatly benefit those wishing to do further tectonics and/or geohazards research.
P: 45 points from GEOL240-245

Students will undertake field mapping exercises based at either Kaikoura Peninsula or Castle Hill. Both trips will involve (a) bedrock geological mapping and cross-section production, (b) one day of tectonic geomorphic mapping, and (c) one day of climatic geomorphic mapping of either marine terraces (Kaikoura) or glacial features (Castle Hill). The course will involve pre-trip reading followed by a 7 day field trip to Castle Hill or Kaikoura (Feb 11-17th) preceding Semester One. This course is designed to compliment GEOL351. Field mapping takes place off-campus and a reasonable degree of physical fitness is desirable.
P: C: (1) GEOL 230 or GEOL240 (2) GEOL 231 or GEOL 241 (3) 45 points from GEOL242-245 15 points from GEOL331-338 offered in the same semester

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GEOL 355 Water and Geothermal Systems

Semester 1 15 points This course provides an introduction to water in the geological environment. The emphasis is on the common unifying concepts that underlie the three main topics covered - surface water, groundwater, geothermal systems - and the linkages and differences between them. In addition to the concepts, the students will learn how to observe, measure and/or estimate key parameters, e.g. surface flow, hydraulic properties, etc. For geothermal systems, this will encompass the liquid and gas phases of water and how surface measurements can provide insights into the deep reservoir.
Lect: 2 x 50 minutes per week Lab: 1 lab (2.5 hour) per week P: 15 points from GEOL242 245

GEOL 356 Field Focused Research Methods

Semester 1 15 points GEOL356 is a focused undergraduate research course for students enrolled in the Frontiers Abroad programme. This course is designed to link field mapping and/or data collection with instruction in research methods and tutorials dedicated to working in research teams analysing, processing and interpreting data. As part of this course, students conduct their own independent research component as part of a larger team research project. At the end of the course students will have completed a series of learning objectives, written a short journal-article style paper, and delivered a professional research presentation.

Lect: There will be one 3-hour combined lecture and laboratory each week day and times to be coordinated with class at the start of semester. Field trip: A seven day field trip will be held in January-February prior to the start of semester. A major in Geological Sciences and enrolment in the Frontiers Abroad programme. R: GEOL 230 and GEOL 231, GEOL351 and GEOL 352. This course is not open to University of Canterbury students enrolled in a UC degree programme.

Science Headstart
Students intending to major in Engineering, Science or Forestry need a solid background in key science and mathematics subjects. Headstart courses are catch-up courses designed for newcomers to tertiary study who: want, or are required, to take a course in a subject in which they dont feel confident have been away from study for some time Headstart will also assist secondary students who wish to study a subject at NCEA level 3 but do not have a good background at NCEA level 2. Headstart courses cover essential pre-university material. If you have a strong background in a subject at NCEA level 3 or equivalent, you dont need Science Headstart. On the other hand, if you have no background in your chosen subject, you may find Headstart very challenging. You may need to do some preliminary study before attending the course. All Headstart courses are taught by well-qualified and supportive tutors. Practical work in the Universitys well-appointed laboratories features in the relevant courses. The depth and pace at which each course is taught depends on the abilities and backgrounds of the students. These are intensive courses, and extra work will be required outside class hours. Please note: Headstart courses do not constitute an entry qualification and do not contribute credit points towards a degree. If you have more time, the Certificate in University Preparation (CUP) offers a more thorough grounding in these subjects.

Geology MSc student Jeni Savage during her field work in Antarctica.

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Department Facilities
In Geological Sciences we are pursuing research questions aimed at advancing our understanding of everything from crustal deformation, geothermal systems, to water resources, to climate change.
The Department has research laboratories for soil and rock mechanics, geochemistry, paleontology, sedimentology and microscopy. In addition there are workshops or preparation facilities for petrology, geophysics, electronics, photography and drafting, and mechanical engineering. Equipment available for research includes the following: Thermo Delta V Plus Continuous Flow Gas Isotope Ratio mass spectrometer with a fluid inclusion line. X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (Philips PW 2400) with automatic sample changer and ancillary preparation and processing equipment. X-ray diffractometer (Philips PW 1720) with computer search/match software and full diffraction data file. Scanning electron microscope: Leica S440 and a JEOL 7000F FE-SEM with Oxford Instruments cold stage, EDS, and cathodoluminescence detector, plus Robinson backscatter detector. Zeiss and Leitz research microscopes, Leica DM XRP + Quantimet 500 image analyser. Zeiss Phomic III with DIC. Zeiss UMSP50 Coal Research microscope with photometry, UV and spectral scanning capabilities. Logitech thin section equipment and other crushing, cutting, grinding and polishing equipment for geochemical and petrographic preparation. Forty-eight channel Geometric Stratavisor seismograph with mini-sosie source and CDP cables. Geometrics G856 total field magnetometer/gradiometer, Geometrics EM31 ground conductivity meter, PROTEM 47D transient electromagnetic system, pulseEKKO 100 ground penetrating radar system, GeoInstruments GMS-2 magnetic susceptibility meter, and AVO DET5/4R resistivity meter.

PhD student Tom Brookman adjusting oxygen flow on the isotope ratio mass spectrometer.

BSc(Hons) student Hamish Cattel determines mineral compositions using the X-ray diffractometer.

PhD student Florence Begue on the scanning electron microscope investigating cathodoluminescence of quartz.

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Field Stations
Field Sciences are a distinctive feature of the subjects offered at the University of Canterbury and supported through a range of field facilities. The Field Station Facilities comprises the field laboratories at Cass, Hari Hari, Kaikoura and Westport. They support the true field studies carried out in the locations and environments around the field stations. The University of Canterbury has the most extensive network of field stations of any New Zealand university, ensuring that field-work opportunities for UC staff and students are maximized.

Field Geology course to the West Coast (GEOL 351). Students on Hall Ridge (Paparoa Range) looking towards Greymounth.

Westport Field Station

The Westport Field Station comprises two units, the Maxwell Gage Field Centre and the Brian Mason Research Unit. Opened in 1995, the Field Station provides facilities for studies on the West Coast of the South Island. The Maxwell Gage Field Centre provides accommodation for 36 people. Adjacent to this is the self-contained Brian Mason Research Facility which houses an additional 6 people.

building with associated laboratory facilities. An 8-bed flat with a laboratory is available for small parties engaged in research. We are fortunate that such interesting geology and geomorphology have been so easily available at Cass.

The Edward Percival Field Station, Kaikoura

The Edward Percival Field Station at Kaikoura includes a large general research laboratory, library, computer facilities, a smaller workroom and tank rooms as well as a large covered general working area. Kaikoura Peninsula is known for superb outcrop exposures of Tertiary sedimentary sequences, and the field station location also provides easy access to the Hope Fault.

Hari Hari Field Station, Westland

The Hari Hari (Charles Fowler) Field Station is well located in central Westland to provide geology field courses with the opportunity to study the Alpine Fault and Quaternary glacial deposits and landforms.

Cass Field Station, Canterbury

The mountain biology Field Station, as the Cass Field Station is sometimes referred to, is situated at Cass, 105km west of Christchurch in the mountains of the Waimakariri Basin. Field trips are housed in a modern 42-bed

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Field Work and Equipment Costs

Study in the field (outdoors) is a vital component of any first degree in Geology and all students are required to participate in field work as outlined in the various course contents. In addition, some voluntary field trips are offered. Field trip costs are not covered by University of Canterbury Tuition Fees but are subsidised by the University. The anticipated costs to students participating in field trips include: 1) a $15/day food charge for residential trips; 2) additional course charges towards accommodation and transport (day-trip transport only). The additional course charges per course are as follows and costs will need to be paid at enrolment: GEOL 111 - $25 (1 day) GEOL 112 - $25 (1 day) GEOL 113 - $25 (1 day) GEOL 240* - $26 (7 day trip) GEOL 241* - $26 (7 day trip) GEOL 351* - $32 (8 day trip) GEOL 352* - $32 (8 day trip)
* Prices are subject to amendment. Basic costs (inclusive of GST) of these required field trips for individual courses in 2013 are indicative only, and do not include the daily food cost which will be available to all participants as a voluntary catered field trip option in 2013.

Some courses have optional field trips, which incur additional costs. For field trips to the West Coast the Department of Geological Sciences uses the University field centre in Westport, which provides accommodation and a study centre. During trips to other localities inexpensive accommodation is obtained in shearers quarters, forest huts etc. For the field trips in GEOL 240, 241, 351 and 352, students must have weatherproof clothing, sturdy field boots and a sleeping bag. In addition, all students attending geology field trips at 200 level and above should equip themselves with the following essential items of field gear. Through bulk purchasing, the department is able to offer these items at the lowest price possible to students. Departmental prices (inclusive of GST) are: Geological hammer Hand lens Safety glasses Grain size comparator $70.00 $22.00 $11.00 $2.00

Field Geology course to the West Coast (GEOL 351).

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Careers in Geology
A career in Geology offers a very wide spectrum of work environments and variety of employment matched by few other professional disciplines. Geologists are well paid and have rewarding life-styles with ample job satisfaction.
Careers include work in mineral and petroleum exploration, advanced research at Crown Research Institutes and universities, resource management and environmental management and protection. Still others choose to use their training in other ways by moving into teaching, banking, real estate, law, the stock market and IT and the tourist industries.

Research Associations
CRL Energy Ltd Coal petrology and geochemistry, hydrogeology, environmental monitoring, 3D geological modelling of mineral resources

Other
Regional Councils (ECan) - environmental monitoring and assessment, resource management, water quality, communities resilient to hazards Department of Conservation - genetics marine ecology, wildlife biology, ornithology, entomology, resource management, freshwater biology, plant ecology, conservation Museums - science communication

Ministries
Ministry for the Environment resource management, natural hazards management, water quality, hazardous waste and contaminated sites New Zealand Petroleum & Minerals coal geologist, coal analyst and adviser Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management communities resilient to hazards Ministry of Research, Science and Technology science policy adviser

Potential Employers
Education
School Teacher general science, science advisors University lecturer, technician, research assistant

Crown Research Institutes

Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences (GNS) - structural geology, paleontology and stratigraphy, sedimentary and petroleum geology, physical volcanology, igneous and metamorphic petrology, mineralogy, geomorphology, sediment transport geophysics, geochemistry, isotope science, mathematical modelling Industrial Research Ltd (IRL) energy technologies, hydrothermal resources, coal research, geochemistry, petrology, electron microscopy National Institute of Water & Atmosphere Ltd (NIWA) natural hazards research, geophysics, seismology, hydrodynamics, sediment-transport, water quality Landcare Research NZ Ltd geochemistry, conservation, soil science, pollution Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd (ESR) forensic scientists and technicians

PhD student Paul Ashwell is studying the internal structure of lava domes.

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Postgraduate Programme and Scholarships

Postgraduate study
The Department has a strong interest in postgraduate studies in geology, engineering geology, hazard and disaster management. An interdisciplinary course, Environmental Science, is also offered at postgraduate level by Geological Sciences, Geography and Biological Sciences. The main aim of the postgraduate programme in Geology is to prepare students for careers in research or industry by in-depth pursuit of a selected group of topics within geological sciences. Individual courses have specific educational goals but all postgraduate programmes offer the following outcomes to students: development of independent thinking and intellectual self-sufficiency an ability to critically assess and synthesise geological literature and data a knowledge of contemporary issues in geological sciences, an understanding of modern concepts, and an awareness of the research interface in selected fields. an ability to communicate geological information effectively increased practical skills in the field and/or the laboratory Able undergraduate students are encouraged to keep in mind the possibility of going on to postgraduate study. We invite you to discuss with staff, as early as possible, your continuing academic career. Details of the range of postgraduate courses offered within the Department of Geological Sciences are to be found in our Postgraduate website at: http://www.geol.canterbury.ac.nz/postgrad/ index.shtml

Current 400-level courses

GEOL473 Structural Geology (Not offered in 2013) GEOL474 Igneous Petrology and Geochemistry GEOL475 Environmental and Engineering Geophysics GEOL476 Physical Volcanology GEOL477 Sediment Transport and Deposition GEOL479 Active Tectonics and Geomorphology (Not offered in 2013) GEOL480 Geological Evolution of NZ and Antarctica GEOL481 Applied Palaeobiology GEOL483 Petroleum and Coal Geology GEOL489 Glacial Geology and Geomorphology GEOL490 Research Project ENGE410 Engineering Geology Research Methods and Practice ENGE411 Engineering Construction Practice ENGE112 Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering ENGE413 Soil Mechanics and Soil Engineering ENGE414 Applied Hydrogeology ENGE415 Engineering Geomorphology ENGE416 Engineering Geology Projects HAZM410 Risk Assessment ENGE490 Research Project HAZM401 Introduction to Hazards and Disasters HAZM403 Hazard and Disaster Investigation HAZM408 GIS and Hazard and Disaster Management HAZM410 Risk Assessment HAZM476 Earthquake and Volcanic Hazards

Scholarships and prizes

At UC we believe in rewarding high achievers. Thats why weve increased our scholarship funding for 2013 by more than a third! Please visit the UC scholarship pages listed below to see scholarships and prizes available to all students. Most scholarships require students to apply by a particular date.

UC Undergraduate Entrance Scholarships

These scholarships were established in 2011 by the University of Canterbury to recognise and support top achieving students commencing an undergraduate degree programme at the University of Canterbury. Take a look at the regulations to see how you can get a UC Entrance Scholarship of between $1000 and $3000 for your first year at UC. Please visit the UC scholarship page for Undergraduate Entrance Students at http://www.canterbury. ac.nz/scholarshipsearch/ScholarshipDetails. aspx?ScholarshipID=6935.1325

UC Undergraduate Scholarships
If you are planning to enrol or are currently enrolled in an undergraduate degree then there are a wide range of scholarships you can apply for. Please visit the UC scholarship page for Undergraduate students at http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/ ScholarshipSearch/ScholarshipResults. aspx?Level=UG&IncludeGeneral=1

Postgraduate Students
A wide range of scholarships are offered, catering for all levels of study up to doctoral level to assist you to progress your studies through continuing study and research. http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/ ScholarshipSearch/ScholarshipResults. aspx?Level=PG&IncludeGeneral=1

Students on the Island Hills fieldtrip (GEOL240)

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Teaching Staff* and Their Research Interests

Kari Bassett (Room 306, Ext. 7732)
Sedimentology and basin analysis, especially in relation to active margin tectonics. Special interests include basin dynamics in obliquely convergent or divergent margins, petrographic and geochemical provenance analysis and the effect of volcanism on sedimentary processes and facies architecture. Geoarchaeology is a newly developed interest. structure including nutrient and trace element transport paths in exotic ecosystems.

Tom Wilson (Room 322, Ext. 45511)

Natural hazard and risk assessment, with special interest in volcanic eruptions. Impacts of natural hazards to critical infrastructure and primary industries. Community resilience to natural hazards. Evacuation and loss modelling using geospatial platforms (GIS).

Ben Kennedy (Room 320 Ext. 7775)

Physical volcanology and igneous geochemistry, physical experimental modelling, hazard analysis.

David Nobes (Room 304, Ext. 7733)

Near-surface geophysics. Correlation of physical properties with other rock properties. Mapping and monitoring of groundwater resources, glaciers, archaeological sites, and other near-surface features and structures.

David Bell (Room 303, Ext. 6717)

Engineering Geology with particular interests in slope stability problems, natural hazard assessment, land-use planning, loess geotechnology and chemical stabilisation of soils. Hydrogeology and Quaternary Geology studies. Exploration and Mining Geology, with emphasis on environmental management issues.

Marlene Villeneuve (Room 323, Ext. 45682)

Laboratory and computational analysis of fracture mechanics of rocks, stress-induced failure of intact rocks, and impacts on excavatability and rippability of intact rocks. Implications of mineralogy, texture, fabric and geological deformation history to fracture behaviour and yield strength of intact rocks. Applications to underground excavation of tunnels and caverns and to slope stability of rock masses.

Christopher Oze (Room 329, Ext. 45680)

Petrogenesis, serpentinization/alteration, weathering, and geochemistry of ultramafic/ mafic materials using field, laboratory, and theoretical methods. Implications of this research are directly applicable to hydrothermal systems, plate tectonics, economic geology, environmental geology, the origins of life, life on Mars, soil science, and medical geology.

Jim Cole (Room 402, Ext. 6766)

Volcanology, petrology, geochemistry and tectonics of the Taupo Volcanic Zone and southwest Pacific. Intra-plate volcanic processes in Canterbury region. Volcanic hazards.

Stefan Winkler (Room 325, Ext. 45681)

Holocene and Late Quaternary glacier chronology and climate history, particularly Neoglaciation of maritime mountain regions and comparative attempts/spatial and temporal diversity; Recent mountain glacier dynamics and their relationship to climate; Relative-age and numerical dating techniques, particularly the development of specific regional multi-proxy approaches; Glacial geomorphology and high mountain landscapes. *All staff email addresses have the format firstname.surname@canterbury.ac.nz

Kate Pedley (Senior Tutor) (Room 308A, Ext. 3892)

Modelling the effects of seamount impacts and plate movement on morphology, tectonics and stability of the Poverty Bay Indentation on the Hikurangi subduction margin, offshore East Coast, North Island.

Tim Davies (Room 301, Ext. 7502)

Natural hazards; long-runout landslide modelling and analysis; erosion processes and control; river behaviour; hydraulic modelling; natural system behaviour.

Darren Gravley (Room 319, Ext. 45683)

Volcanology, geothermal systems, environmental science, field geology, international student education.

Jarg Pettinga (Room 332 Ext. 7716)

Engineering and Structural Geology: special interests include slope stability, and seismotectonics; active tectonics and structure of North Canterbury, east coast North Island and southern California.

Sam Hampton (Room 302, Ext. 6770)

Physical volcanology, volcanic geomorphology, geothermal systems, and volcanic hazards. Recent research has focussed on the volcanic evolution of Lyttelton Volcano, Banks Peninsula.

Mark Quigley
(Room 337 Ext. 7779)
Structural geology and active tectonics, palaeoclimate and tectonic geomorphic responses, landscape evolution.

Travis Horton (Room 339, Ext. 7734)

Stable isotope geochemistry and biogeochemistry. Relationships among tectonic, topographic, and climatic processes and conditions. Source and transport of fluids in active orogens. Biogeochemical palaeoclimatology. Geochemical tracing and quality assessment of water resources. Biogeochemical evaluation of foodweb

Catherine Reid (Room 326, Ext. 7764)

Palaeoecology and biogeography of Late Palaeozoic invertebrate faunas of Australia and New Zealand, particularly bryozoans; Tertiary invertebrate palaeoecology of New Zealand; biotas of temperate estuarine environments in the geological record.

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Design your Degree

The Bachelor of Science degree requires a minimum total of 360 credit points, of which at least 255 points must be from science courses. The remaining 105 points can be either science or non-science courses. At least 225 points must be from courses above 100-level, 90 points at 300-level, of which at least 60 must be at 300-level in a single subject (GEOL) this is your major. Students can take more than 225 points above 100-level and some choose to do a double major by taking two science subjects through to 300-level with 60 points in each.

Create your personalized BSc degree in Geology

Major 300 level Major 300 level Major 300 level Major 300 level other Science 300 level other Science 300 level Science 200 level Science 200 level Science 200 level

3
Major 200 level Major 200 level Major 200 level Science 200 level Science 200 level Science 200 level Any 200 level Any 200 level Any 200 level

2
GEOL 111 GEOL 112 GEOL 113 Science 100 level* Science 100 level Any 100 level Any 100 level Any 100 level Any 100 level

1
Each box represents 15 points, unless otherwise stated. This is the minimum, other combinations are possible. Here GEOL 113 is an option - you dont have to take the course at this stage but its a great idea if you want to go on in Geology. The Science 100 level courses above are in another subject that you may like to advance in, or to develop basic scientific knowledge. * All students are encouraged to include 15 points of statistics or mathematics, which count as a science course.

100-level
Required: GEOL111 and GEOL112 Required for honours: Geology: 60 points from 100-level Astronomy, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Computer Science, Geography, Mathematics, Physics or Statistics. Engineering Geology: 15 points of 100-level Mathematics and a further 30 points from 100-level Astronomy, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Computer Science, Geography, Physics or Statistics.

200-level
Required: 45 points from 200-level GEOL Recommended: GEOL 240 and GEOL 241

300-level
Required: 60 points from 300-level Geology Recommended: GEOL 351 or GEOL 352 Required for BSc(Hons) in Geology and Engineering Geology, PGDipSc in Geology, PGDipEngGeol, or MSc in Geology or Engineering Geology: a minimum of 90 points of 300-level GEOL, including GEOL 351 and GEOL 352 (105 points are recommended). At least 15 points of 100-level MATH, or a demonstrably equivalent standard in Mathematics, are a prerequisite for entry to 400-level ENGE

Lecture and Laboratory Planner for Semester 1

Time 9 -10 10 - 11 11 - 12 12 - 1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

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Contact Information
For additional information about our courses, staff and their research interests contact either the Departmental Office (Enquiries below), or email the relevant staff member using the following format: firstname.surname@canterbury.ac.nz

Head of Department
Professor Jarg Pettinga

University of Canterbury Contact Centre

For more information about study options or an enrolment pack get in touch with the contact Centre on:

Enquiries
Phone: Fax: Email: Web: Mailing address: (03) 364-2700 (03) 364-2769 geology@canterbury.ac.nz www.geol.canterbury.ac.nz Department of Geological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140

Freephone: Or phone: Email: Web:

0800 VARSITY (0800 827 748) in New Zealand +64 3 364 2555 enrol@canterbury.ac.nz www.canterbury.ac.nz

Programme and Level coordinators 2013

Chris Oze/Kate Pedley Travis Horton Mark Quigley Kari Bassett David Bell - Advisor Tim Davies - Advisor Jim Cole Stefan Winkler Ben Kennedy (100 level) (200 level) (300 level) (400 level GEOL) (400 level ENGE) (400 level Hazard) (BScHons) (MSc) (PhD)

Student Advisor, College of Science

The Student Advisor is available to provide accurate and timely academic advice and assistance on course options and/or degree programmes in science subjects. Ms Tracey Robinson +64 3 364 2987 ext 3132 tracey.robinson@canterbury.ac.nz

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The Department of Geological Sciences is located in the von Haast Building

Contact Information: Department of Geological Sciences T: +64 3 364 2700 F: +64 3 364 2769 E: office@geol.canterbury.ac.nz University of Canterbury Te Whare Wnanga o Waitaha Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 www.geol.canterbury.ac.nz