2012-13

SURANA

Shekhar Tanwar (R.A.M.C) 09A1930 2012-13

SURANA (AMORPHOPHALLUS) (COMPANULATUS)

COMPILED BY:
Shekhar Tanwar 2ND Proff. B.A.M.S (09A1930)

GUIDED BY:
DR. SHIVANAND B. KARIGAR Lecturer, Dept of Dravyaguna

OM DHANVANTRAY NAMAH

INDEX
Acknowledgement Introduction Botanical Nomenclature Synonyms Vernacular Names Habitat Morphology Family Features Chemical Composition Properties Therapeutic Indication Parts Used Posology Vishist Yogas Trade and Commerce Nutritional Value Pharmacology Antidote & Research Cultivation & Propagation Conclusion Bibliography

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I sincerely thank and owe gratitude to people for their help and guidance in various ways to complete this compilation work on SURANA. My special thanks to Dr. Shivanand for his advice; repeated encouragement & correction needed for this work to come successfully. I thank library madam for providing books, journals whenever I needed. Last but not the least I would like to thank all my friends, seniors & people whoever helped me in this work.

SHEKHAR TANWAR (09A1930) 2ND year B.A.M.S R.A.M.C Bangalore

INTRODUCTION
Surana is the drug which is used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for various treatment of different diseases. It is mainly used in disease like gulma, pliha roga, arsas, etc. It is considered as the best among the tuberous roots. Because of the usage of drug from ancient period its references are available in most of nighantus and in samhitas. The tuber of the plant is having more medicinal value.

SANSKRIT- Surana LATIN NAME- Amorphophallus Companulatus KINGDOM- Plantae DIVISION- Magnoliophyta SUB DIVISION- Spermatophyta CLASS- Liliopsida SUB CLASS- Lilidae ORDER- Alismatales FAMILY- Araceae GENUS- Amorphophallus SPECIES- Orchioides

SYNONYMS
S.no. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. =6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Synonyms. B.P. D.N. K.N. R.N. A.N. S.N. S.S. Surana Arshagna Kandnayak Aaul Vajraandi Vajranayak Godsurana Vajrakand Jamikand Manchkand + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + P.V. + + + -

B.P.- Bhava Prakash D.N.- Dhanvantri Nighantu K.N.- Kaidev Nighantu R.N.- Raj Nighantu A.N.- Aadarsh Nighantu S.N.- Shaligram Nighantu S.S.- Shusruta Samhita P.V.- P.V.Sharma

VERNACULAR NAMES
Sanskrit- Surana Latin- Elephant Yam Hindi- Surana Kanda Malayalam- Chena Kannada- Suvarna-Gadde Tamil- Oonta Bengali- Oonta Marathi- Goda Gujrati- Surana

HABITAT
These are globally distributed on Indo-Malaysia. Within India it is wild in the plains of North India extending to West Bengal, Assam & Konkan. It is cultivated throughout the upper Gangetic plains & Peninsular India. Grows at an altitude of 0-700m.

MORPHOLOGY
It is a perennial herb with rounded tuberus root stock. Tubers are depressed-globose about 30 cm diameter, about 20 cm high, dark brown, root scars are prominent, annulate, offsets produced every season, these are thick rhizomatus to about 10 cm long, about 4 cm in diameter. Leaf are solitary/two, petiole is about 2m long & about 20 cm diameter, background colour pale to dark green / blackish green usually with large & small pale blotches & numerous tiny dark spots. The large blotches often confluent, especially near the base surface shallowly corrugate to strongly echinate verrucate. Lamina is highly dissected to about 3m in diameter. Leaflets are rounded, oval, ovate, obovate, elliptic -oblong, elliptic lanceolate, acuminate, 3-35 cm long, 2-12 cm in diameter, upper surface mildgreen, lower surface mildgreen.

Inflorescence are short peduncled 3-20 cm long, 1-8 cm diameter, usually paler &smoother than petiole. Peduncle are 3-20 cm long, about 1-8 cm diameter, usually pale & smoother than petiole. Spadix are sessile, shorter / longer than spathe, about 7-70 cm long.

FAMILY FEATURES
They are monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by & sometimes partially enclosed in, a spadix / leaf like bract. Also known as the Arun family, member are often colloquially known as aroid, This family of 107 genere & over 3700 species is most diverse in New World tropics, although also distributed in the old world tropics & nor the temperate regions.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Protein Carbohydrates Calcium Phosphorus Vasa Amblyone Triterpenoid Methanal

Ash Values:
Total Ash- 7.35% Water Soluble Ash- 3.09% Acid Insoluble Ash- 1.47%

PROPERTIES
Rasa- Katu, Kashaya

Guna- Laghu, ruksha, tiksna Virya- Usna Vipaka- Katu Doshaghnata- Kaphavata Hara Karma- Deepana-pachana Indication Gulma, pleeharoga,arsas, shola, krimi, kasa-swasa.

THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS
This plant is used in reduction of serum, cholesterol & in constipation, control of blood glucose. It is also used in treatment of several diseases like syphilis, fever etc.

PARTS USED
Bulb

POSOLOGY
Churana- 3gm

VISHISTA YOGAS
Samudradya churna Surana modaka Arshagma vati

TRADE & COMMERCE

Retail market price- $ 28

NUTRITIONAL VALUE
Energy- 16.7 cal Protien- 0.54% Fat- 0.3 g Glucomannan- 45% Amino Acids- 7.8%

PHARMACOLOGY
Analgesic Anti-Inflammatory Abdominal disorders Strenght & vigour Joint disorders Respiratory disorders Anti-viral Anti-bacterial Antifungal Cytotoxin

ANTIDOTE
The drug which is used as an antidote is aamlik, nimbuk.

RESEARCH
Research profile shows that it has a good antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, moderate cytotoxicity against brine shump nauplic & insignificant antifungal activity. It shows an antioxidant effects against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rats & also shows modulatory activity of methanol extract of amor.comp.

CULTIVATION & PROPAGATION

Temperature- This species does not appreciate particularly high temp. incultivation & the leaf dies back quickly when temp. rises well above 25c. Soil- Roughly 2 type of soil needed. Both should be rich in organic matter & trace elements, but one must be well drained & must not contain loam, while the other may be heavier & enriched a loam. This division corresponds roughly with the 2 major dimatic preferences of Amorphophallus species. Those of strongly seasonal climate can be grown in heavier soil. Fertilising- Amo.species doesnot need fertilizer frequently. Excessive fertilizer may well kill off all roots.The ideal fertilizer is one with a phosphate content. Planting- The top of an Amor. Tuber must always be well below the soil surface, since the root emerge from the top & must secure the tuber to carry the long leaf/inflorescence for this the first roots grow very fast & horizontal. This entire stricter is very deep pots to accommodate the strong vertical growth. When the pot is not deep enough, the base of tuber will get cramped against the bottom & become deformed.

Watering- Species are quite resistant to excess water with the exception of those with elongate tubers. This shows slightly superficial not even when they have not been overwatered. These small spots usually dry well when the tuber is taken out during dormancy. Dormacy- Some of the species shows the strongest tendency to dormancy in cultivation, dormancy may take place in 2 parts of a species growing cycle. When a leaf dies down after a regular growing season the tuber will invariably take a resting period. Vegetative Propagation- Most of the species readily produce offstes every year of veg. growth. These offstes may still be attached to the main tuber & should be severed when the mother tuber is replanted for a new season. Sexual Propagation- Pollinating plants of diff. clones in cultivation is usually unsuccessful. The pollen must be put on the stigmas on the first day of flowering, as early as possible. This stigma are very sticky & na pollen is released stigmas are no longer receptire to pollen. Growing from Seed- Fresh seed germinates quickly. These seeds may be taken from flesh of berries but must then not be stored dry. The seed coat of Amo. Is rather thin & there is no endosperm layer to protect the embryo from desiccation.

CONCLUSION
Surana is a drug which is having history of medicinal ose in folk medicine to treat a wide range of diseases like constipation, spleen disorders, liver disorders etc.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Database Indian Medicinal Plants by P.C Sharma;M.B Yelne;T.J Dennis Dravyaguna Vignan by P.V.Sharma Raj Nighantu by Dr.Indradev Tripathi Kaiyadev Nighantu Bhav Prakash by Sri Bhava Mishra & Sri Rupalalji Vaisya Charaka Samhita Shushruta Samhita Ashtanga Hridya