State of the Art Report 8 GUIDE TO EARTHWORK CONSTRUCTION National Research Council aS y1990 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chairman ‘Wayne Muri, Chief Engineer, Missouri Highway and ‘Transportation Department, Jefferson City Vice Chairman €. Michael Walion, Bess Harris Jones Centennial Professor of Natural Resource Policy Studies and Chairman, College of Engineering, the University of Texas at Austin Executive Director ‘Thomas B. Deen, Transportation Research Board ‘Adm. James B. Busey IV, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of ‘Transportation (ex officio) Gilbert E. Carmichael, Administrator, Federal Raifroad Administration, U.S. Department of ‘Transportation (ex officio) Brian W. Clymer, Administrator, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of, ‘Transportation (ex officio) Jeery R. Curry, Administrator, National Highway Taific Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation (ex officio) Franeis B. Francois, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway and * Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) John Gray, President, National Asphalt Pavement Association, Riverdale, Maryland (ex officio) ‘Thomes H. Hanna, President and Chief Executive Officer, Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, Association of the United States, Inc., Detroit, Michigan, (ex officio) Lt, Gen. Henry J. Hatch, Chief of Engineers and Commander, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C, (ex officio) ‘Thomas D. Larson, Administtator, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of ‘Transportation (ex officio) George H. Way, Jr., Vice President for Research and Test Department, Association of American Railroads, Washington, D.C. (ex officio) Robert J. Aaronson, President, Air Transport Association of America, Washington, D.C. James M. Beggs, Chairman, Spacelab, Inc., Washington, D.C. Robert N. Bothmian, Director, Oregon Department of Transportation, Salem J. Ron Brinson, President and Chief Executive Officer, Board of Commissioners of the Port of New Orleans 1. Gary Byrd, Consulting Engineer, Alexandria, Virginia L, Stanley Crane, Suburban Station Building, Philadelphia Randy Doi, Director, IVHS Systems, Motorola Inc,, Northbrook, Hlinois 8. Earl Dove, President, Earl Dove Company, Dothan, Alabama Louis J. Gambaccini, General Manager, Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA), Philadelphia (Past Chairman, 1989) Kermit HL Justice, Secretary of Transportation, State of Delawace, Dover Denman K. MeNeat, Vice Chairman, Rio Grande Industries, San Francisco; California ‘William, W. Millar, Executive Director, Port Authority of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Charles L. Mitler, Director, Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix Clifton A. Moore, Executive Director, City of Los Angeles Department of Airports Robert E. Paaswell, Professor of Transportation Engineering, Urban Transportation Center, ‘University of Itinois at Chicago Ray D. Pethtel, Commissioner, Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond James P. Pitz, Director, Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing Herbert H. Richardson, Deputy Chancellor and Dean of Engineering, Texas A&M University System, College Station (Past Chairman, 1988) Joe G. Rideoutte, Executive Director, South Carolina Department of Highways and Public ‘Transportation, Columbia ‘Carmen E. Turner, General Manager, Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, ‘Washington, D.C. Franklin E. White, Commissioner, New York State Depaitment of Transportation, ‘Albany Julisn Wolpert, Henry G. Bryant Professor of Geography, Public Affairs and Urban Planning, ‘Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University Paul Zia, Distinguished University Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolia State University, RaleighThe Transportation Research Board is a unit of the National Research Council, which serves the National Academy of Sciences and the National Acad- emy of Engineering, The Board’s purpose is to stimulate research conceming the nature and performance of transportation systems, to disserninate the information produced by the research, and to encourage the application of appropriate research findings. The Board’s program is carried out by more than 300 committees, task forces, and panels composed of more than 3,500 administrators, engineers, social scientists, attomeys, educators, and others concerned with transportation; they serve without compensation. The program is supported by state transportation and highway departments, the modal administrations of the U.S. Department of Trans- portation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. ‘The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare, Upon the authority of the charter granled to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government. on scientific and technical matters, Dr. Frank Press is President of the National Academy of Sciences. ‘The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering. ‘The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining 10 the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Samuel O. Thier is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal govern- ment. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Acad- emy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific dnd engineering commu- nities. The Council is administered jointly by both the Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.