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3.flexible Pavement
3.flexible Pavement
3.flexible Pavement
AASHTOflexiblepavementdesign
Content
Design factors Designfactors
Pavementperformance Traffic Subgrade material Materialofconstruction Environment Drainage Reliability
Designmethod Example
Content
Design factors Designfactors
Pavementperformance Traffic Subgrade material Materialofconstruction Environment Drainage Reliability
Designmethod Example
Roughness
Rutdepth
Cracking
Patching
R Recommendedvalue d d l
Initial 4.2or4.5 Terminal 2.5or3.0
Content
Design factors Designfactors
Pavementperformance Traffic Subgrade material Materialofconstruction Environment Drainage Reliability
Designmethod Example
Traffic
No of ESAL No.ofESAL
Content
Design factors Designfactors
Pavementperformance Traffic Subgrade material Materialofconstruction Environment Drainage Reliability
Designmethod Example
Content
Design factors Designfactors
Pavementperformance Traffic Subgrade material Materialofconstruction Environment Drainage Reliability
Designmethod Example
SN a1 D1 a2 D2 a3 D3
Strengthcoefficientofsurface(1),base(2),and S h ffi i f f (1) b (2) d subbase (3)
Content
Design factors Designfactors
Pavementperformance Traffic Subgrade material Materialofconstruction Environment Drainage Reliability
Designmethod Example
Environment
Resilient of modulus of roadbed / subgrade Resilientofmodulusofroadbed/subgrade affectedby
Temperature T t
Rainfall R i f ll
Content
Design factors Designfactors
Pavementperformance Traffic Subgrade material Materialofconstruction Environment Drainage Reliability
Designmethod Example
Drainage
Drain fast Good for pavement Drainfast Goodforpavement Incorporatingafactorforthebaseand subbase s bbase coefficient ModificationtoSN
SN a1 D1 a2 D2 a3 D3
SN a1 D1 a2 D2 m2 a3 D3 m3
Water removed within* 2 hours 1 day 1 week 1 month th (water will not drain)
*Timerequiredtodrainthebaselayerto50% saturation. t ti
Percent of Time Pavement Structure is Exposed to Moisture Levels Approaching Saturation Less than 1% 1.40 1.35 1 40 1 35 1.35 1.25 1.25 1.15 1.15 1.05 1.05 0.95 1 5% 1.35 1.30 1 35 1 30 1.25 1.15 1.15 1.05 1.05 0.80 0.95 0.75 5 25% 1.30 1.20 1 30 1 20 1.15 1.00 1.00 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.75 0.40 Greater than 25% 1.20 1 20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40
Content
Design factors Designfactors
Pavementperformance Traffic Subgrade material Materialofconstruction Environment Drainage Reliability
Designmethod Example
Reliability
Probability that the designed pavement Probabilitythatthedesignedpavement performedsatisfactorilyduringthedesign period. period 99%reliability=99%chanceforsuccessful pavementperformance pavement performance
Reliability
Other parameters Otherparameters
ZR =standardnormalvariate S0 = estimated overall standard deviation =estimatedoverallstandarddeviation
ZR 0.000 0.253 0.524 0.841 1.282 1.282 1.645 1.751 1 751 1.881 2.054 2 054 2.327 3.090 3 090 3.750
99%oftheareaundercurve
ZR =2.327
S0
Account for variation in Accountforvariationin
Trafficforecast Actual pavement performance Actualpavementperformance
Content
Design factors Designfactors
Pavementperformance Traffic Subgrade material Materialofconstruction Environment Drainage Reliability
Designmethod Example
MR =5000psi
X103
PSI=1.9
SN=5.0
Content
Design factors Designfactors
Pavementperformance Traffic Subgrade material Materialofconstruction Environment Drainage Reliability
Designmethod Example
Example1 Example 1
Determineasuitableflexiblepavementstructureforan urbaninterstatehighwaywhichwilltocarryadesignESALof urban interstate highway which will to carry a design ESAL of 2x106.Itisestimatedthatittakesaboutaweekforwater tobedrainedfromwithinthepavementandthepavement p p structurewillbeexposedtomoisturelevelsapproaching saturationfor30%ofthetime.Thefollowingadditional informationisavailable.
Resilientmodulusofasphaltconcreteat68 F=450,000lb/in Resilient modulus of asphalt concrete at 68F = 450 000 lb/in2 CBRvalueofbasecoursematerial=100,Mr =31,000lb/in2 CBRvalueofsubbase coursematerial=22,Mr =13,500lb/in2 CBRvalueofsubgrade coursematerial=6
Assumptions
Reliability index (R) = 99% Reliabilityindex(R)=99% Standarddeviation(S0)=0.45(0.4 0.5for flexiblepavement) flexible pavement) Initialserviceabilityindex(pi)=4.5 Terminalserviceabilityindex(pt)=2.5
MR =9000psi
X103
PSI=2.0
SN=4.1
SN a1 D1 a2 D2 m2 a3 D3 m3
Itisestimatedthatittakesaboutaweekforwatertobe drainedfromwithinthepavementandthepavement structurewillbeexposedtomoisturelevelsapproaching structure will be exposed to moisture levels approaching saturationfor30%ofthetime.
Quality of Drainage Excellent Good Fair Poor P Very Poor
Quality of g Drainage
Water removed within within* 2 hours 1 day 1 week 1 month th (water will not drain)
m=0.80
Greater than 25% 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40
Percent of Time Pavement Structure is Exposed to Moisture Levels Approaching Saturation Less than 1% 1.40 1.35 1.35 1.25 1.25 1.15 1.15 1.05 1.05 0.95 1 5% 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.15 1.15 1.05 1.05 0.80 0.95 0.75 5 25% 1.30 1.20 1.15 1.00 1.00 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.75 0.40
SN a1 D1 a2 D2 m2 a3 D3 m3
Finda1,a2,anda3fromcharts
0.44 0 44
Resilientmodulusofasphaltconcreteat68F=450,000lb/in2
CBRvalueofbasecoursematerial=100,Mr =31,000lb/in2 , , /
SN1 SN2
D1
D2
SN3
D3
UsecharttofindSN2
ChangeMR totheoneofsubbase
MR =13,500psi
X103
PSI=2.0
SN2 =3.6
UsecharttofindSN1
ChangeMR totheoneofbase
MR =31,000psi
X103
PSI=2.0
SN1 =2.7
Values SN1 2.7 SN2 3.6 SN3 4.1 a1 a2 a3 0.44 0.14 0.10
Values SN1 2.7 SN2 3.6 SN3 4.1 a1 a2 a3 0.44 0.14 0.10
Values SN1 2.7 SN2 3.6 SN3 4.1 a1 a2 a3 0.44 0.14 0.10
SN3*=3.644+(0.10x6.0x0.80)=4.124
ShouldbeclosedtotheSNthatyougotatthebeginning
Thetrafficonthedesignlaneofaproposedfourlaneruralinterstate highwayconsistsof40%trucks.Ifclassificationstudieshaveshown hi h i f 40% k If l ifi i di h h thatthetruckfactorcanbetakenas0.45,designasuitableflexible pavementiftheAADTonthedesignlaneduringthefirstyearof operationis1,000andpi =4.2. Growthrate=4% Growth rate = 4% Designlife=20years Reliabilitylevel=95% Standarddeviation=0.45 pt =2.5 Thepavementstructurewillbeexposedtomoisturelevels approachingsaturation20%ofthetimeanditwilltakeabout1week fordrainageofwater.CBRofthesubgrade,subbase,andbaseare7, for drainage of water CBR of the subgrade subbase and base are 7 22,and70,respectively.MR fortheasphaltconcreteis450,000psi.