Cashco Packing

Control Valve Packing

Packing is a sealing system which normally consists of a deformable material such as TFE, graphite, asbestos, Kalrez, etc. Usually the material is in the form of solid or split rings contained in a packing box. Packing material is compressed to provide an effective pressure seal between the uid in the valve body and the outside atmosphere. At one time it was believed that the more packing you had in a control valve the better it would seal. Since FUGITIVE EMISSIONS has become a concern, extensive studies have been made which have shown that better sealing can be obtained by minimizing the number of packing rings. New standards are being developed to which manufacturers will be asked to test their control valves. Test results from using these standards will allow a user to predict with some certainty how well a particular valve and packing combination will hold up. Denitions Consolidation: Packing consolidation is the shortening of a packing stack under load due to the elimination of voids in, between, and around the packing rings. This causes a reduction in packing stress (Radial Load) and consequently an increase in leakage. Consolidation can occur when the packing wears, cold ows, is subjected to thermal gradients, or if a nonuniform stress distribution in the packing exists. Extrusion: When packing is loaded to its proper stress level it has a tendency to cold ow and will extrude between the stem and the follower. Any increase in temperature will increase the tendency of the packing to cold ow. PTFE is very susceptible to this because the hotter it is the quicker it will cold ow and because PTFE has an expansion rate roughly ten times that of carbon steel. As the packing tries to expand in the xed volume of the packing gland, extrusion will occur. This material loss due to extrusion will relieve the axial stress, which relaxes the radial stress and results in a loss of seal. Migration: Packing migration occurs when a portion of the packing is caught by a rough stem and is removed from the packing box as the stem slides in and out of the packing box. (Applies only to Linear Valves.) Packing System Design Principles 1. In order to minimize stem friction and wear on the packing, the stem surface nish should be in the 8 to 16 RMS range. 2. The stem of the valve should be held concentric with the packing bore. This helps to uniformly compress the packing. This is best accomplished by guiding the stem at the top and the bottom of the packing bore. 3. To minimize packing extrusion under load, the inner diameter of packing spacers should be held as close to the stem diameter as possible. Anti-extrusion washers can also be helpful in minimizing extrusion. 4. It is desirable to use a wiping mechanism. The stem-wiping device should be at least a stroke distance away from the packing to prevent damage to the stem and packing by dragging particles and deposits into the packing area. Live-Loaded Packing Arrangements

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Cashco Packing

Internal Live-Loading

External Live-Loading

Spring-Loaded Packing

Jammed Packing

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Cashco Packing

The live-loading packing spring is replaced by a xed spacer of the same material as the trim material. Dual Packing

Pressure inside the valve is alternately greater than or less than (i.e. vacuum) ambient pressure. Dual Packing With Leak-Off Connection

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Cashco Packing

Valve has a 1/4" (6mm) NPT tapped opening on its bonnet. Complete with removable steel plug for all body materials. The opening is located between primary and secondary packing sets when the valve is equipped with dual packing.

Internally Pressurized Bellows Stem Seal

Although it is the most expensive way in which to seal off the bonnet assembly from escaping uids, it is also the most effective way of handling lethal, toxic, explosive, and corrosive uids. As we head toward "ZERO EMISSIONS" control requirements, the bellows seal will become more popular.
Control Valve Concepts / Actuator Operating Modes / Positioners / Positioner and Controller Operating Modes / Flow Characteristics / Seat Leakage / Helpful Hints / Cashco Terminology / Advanced Topics

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Cashco Packing

Phone: 812.877.7119 Fax: 812.877.7116 E-Mail: info@maintenanceresources.com Via Mail: 1983 North Hunt Street Terre Haute, IN 47805

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