T0

IRAN*t

,<
A

,, v ' . * , ,-. .
1

P O C K E T , G U I D E T O

IRAN

pOHOREN LIBRARY

SMhm @&I@& a * ,

Wkiw@$

A P 8 C K E T 6 U l B E TO I R A N

CONTENTS
lnlroductnon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a-Thc World's Lifcblmd . . . . . . . . . . . lxan snd :he War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Your Double P m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gmp Along i n Inn Meet h e llnoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The M d c m M i p n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..............
............

6
7
8

9
ra

l n o r cv.rorm md Msnom

hdofl- ................... H i . w md Covrromcnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sm. ru)r Condiuona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..

16

I5

Pronoun<ing Pcnmao

............

IYII..UCTI.M

AS AN AMERICAN SOLDIER assigned to duty important job of your life. There is no 0th" war t h e m military ~ c r c s s by the United Starcs and her fightinp Allies will contribute more to final victory aver rhe &is. You've heard a lot of tllk in this mar about life linesrhe rca Ian.. nnd land muter by which military supplies Bow into the combat m n to be turned againrr the -7. Iran i much more ttun z lifc 1ine.h k r major source of rhc power that keep the United Nations' military muchimc turning over-il. 1
where

.. .

b v a d ~tsp - rvatqlc value, Inn rr the MI muotry m the world whcm t k e m of thxc of the

W n m i N + m d e Bsnnm, Rutua, md the U n d Ststeb-nre cpcratltq ro dady uurh wlth each othsr. Thu ~ M l b r n m ~ of l greu powen, rmpmtxng m the. &h.c of Inn, la a clear-zut vldlnuw of thc dsxSnx& mpmenw sf thc c & ybu ssd ymu ou&t lnvs becp rnllcd apm m & You, ar an Amman, hwe r mps~btluy that gaq beyard the mdmary milrury &us raquutdof l o muavy har 8 rrpucaua. thmughout tbc world ancg and unulbhnca lo ru dcnlnna .nth ot uonr That repueat~onD r mspr s~ fw us globnl war Bp y w r v t x p csa uphdd a LB
Rusnn and Gmn Lk~tb-and wth the pcople o f (Inn*) Mmt of tbau you mm wm't a hM K . , m w ,m a p l b rrplhaon m roc how you an and what ysu do to rhemulw "Sa, t h m u what Amaccun nc And w h t t h ~ y thmk of ut wdl h v e mu& m do our m d w -cu or 6,IIt w't
a

a r y thfficult

p b . You71

~...h~~ysuddIthmre, 2

rrnrc m tell 9w what w do when you run inro a tosigh d situation. You'll be c x p t e d to keep your mouth shut a ysur eyer open wen after you arc rue of your ground. And you'll need to rnpa the ways of thinking and d+ ing things of the Irani. and of the British and Rvuian
soldiers, no matter hav different they may bc from your own. If you adopt the ztritudc that we Americans don't know all the answers and that rhc wodd darn'r rcvolvc f f the target =round Kmkakce, 111.. you wm'r bc very far o in y o u dealings with 0th- peoples. Beyond r spirit of tolerance and a willingncst t o m ~ n f h c ether fellow half way. the thing your1 nctd most in order to get along in Iran is information. Your opinion of the country and the p p l c w~ll never be any k t c r than your and gazn k~owlcdgeof them.& you ercrclv yourcvrror~ty fresh kwwlcdge, you wtll mcryarr cScmcy as a d dlrr and wdl add pcrron.1 value and pleasure to tough job. This guidrbmL is to h d p you mmc in that direction, but it ir little more rhm r preview. A smart raldicr will nnn know far marc abwt rhe couutv rham is to be fofond kr-n these urvcrr That rr the rargcr w shorn at, and rhcrc a M k t t s way to kgtn gcrtsng acquamtcd w ~ t h the ~ o u n n y thawby undcnrand,ng Iran's prucnt pont~on in t h i *global war.

OIL-TWI

W0ILm.S LllImL00n

IRAN is imporant to the United Nations for a number of msonr. It is the land bridge by which to get supplier to Russia, and it might have bcconx the pa& ovcr which Hirlcr's m i c s a u l d drivc into lndiorrothc Red Scn and the Suer Canal. But, more important than anything dm, Iran is one of the gmt power reservoirs of r h wodd. N a w h n once mid that an arm" marcher on itr nomach. e supplies d ail oud~ a ; l armies a ~ march on oil. ~ L r a11 dcnly to vanish, cvuy lrrgc indurubl nation in the world would collap* almost wcmight. Oil is the lifcblwd d the .!; , modern world. 8 ,?, In that p m of the-world m which you%ek e n nrrigncd 'i .t. there arc &great oil-bearingIII that m p t h e r m n N t u ~ the "pwcrhwx" of the Unkd N~tiins. The northwest g m a , strcuhing k w ~ rhc n Araxcs River in South Russia to the w c p p north of the Caucasus,ir the hurt of thc Sornct Unaon. mcailurcd in tcrmr o f bumlsol orl. h n d 'i only m t h e bxl fields m and around Baku on the &spaan Su arc thaw m Iran and Iraq, whlch supply Gren Brrtnin and us m thc M d d k East. North Afr~fca, and an thc N d 7 Atlentlc j ' One of the grut md~tsry t W a r d thc p x n t day bm 5 G uld that the quadnogle bounded by & cltlcr d A m khan, Tcheran, Ehrra, and Alepp a & true rtmrcg.: m

1 <$'

'

awcr center of the war, "an a m in which P G c m n auc7s would mean the almost certain r d l a p of Rusk and he probable cdhpse of Great Britain ar wcll." Should its *cupation lead to a German conquest of the Ncar Ert. l a only would the British Empire bc cut in half, but the
,rcstigc of thc United Nations would h radinlly lowered. rlote the oamcs of tlu c~rkr md rhrn lmk ar rhc map io he centerof this guide. You will see that you a d your fellow aldicn arc holdng down two ride of the quadrangle. You will continue o hold them down x, long 2s there ir unity between the rmiuofrhc Urnired Nsrions in Iran-& unity that comer mm mutual d c r r c end respect. It ir familk strategy s f Hider and his Axis gvlg ta create dirtrust and doubt bcrwccn dlicr d the p p k fricndly to t h . You can hclp &eat that strategy by working to Lcep the gmd will of your allied mmradcr in nrmr and of the Irani p p l e . Sddoing you will bcs form in keeping Irnn on the Allied side. You will hclp to keep it opco as s channel by which to move lend-lea%rupplia inte Russia. And i& mnml pmduction of 8o,ow,ooo barrels of oil, origiruting in the fields near Bandar Shapur and Kcrmanrhah, will mntinue to supply our tanks a d fighting planer in & ddle East a d North Africa and to fud the s h i p of the ~tbh &a in the Mediw~ancsa and the lndiaa Ocean.

IlAY

a*.

TWE W A R

FDR

about ~ p w ycnn Iran has beon a bartkgroun I s p p l c tmk turns m mnquerlng and b c r c g conqu AfKr jpoo yean d a thcy grew tlrrd of war, wratcd to sny m u d xtt t h ~ s war u they dnd tn t k

Uodl he
1 s t ~

UUUL~,HiWr

and h ~ r "rsurwi' could drmmlwz

ple and sn army, the pnxs had m n eat= )ob mawrd He utcd the nmc smtig, m Iran Long bcfm we got mw che war, hu ag-m poured Into thc r w n q held key J* In sanpnrer, l a h e & , , and m a to gwnnmem -re, t&y nnfrrted tbe towm and czua and war

'

raey

U a

Hltleis plbllc pmpd@ndnn,

rrwb

tw,

N*a, film "Vaory 1" the Wur.' wm m Teherm, the uptnl cay rhuru mnnagcr. fa varng German
brewbmn,

Hlrler mallJ wsr a

M b m d

) d a m ,&tsd

other lus, cvrn td ta ihru g m t

I t dldn't work After many protcrr~ agamat Nan actxv ay ~n the counny, the Ruanm* and the Brtnrh moved m August q, ,941 That war one trme rvc got there finr m e Shah, Rem Khan, abdrcrtcd 14s son took aver the throne and concluded a wary wrrh the Allted Nat~onr Nazx sgencnts w h c ~ould be found wcrc xnternsd, or fled rhc country Now, wtth the consent of the Iran Governmmt, tmopr of the U n M Naroans guard thsr great land b r t d g be tween Eurooc and Aua. t u oll wells and rcfincncr, m d the highwar and railrolds which form the life line to our Russlzin alller. Our rmop =re in the minority among thcu acupying forces. Ow whole Bcitirh Army, organized in rhc summer d '942, 1 M duty in this thutcr. The Russians, reacting to devclopmcnr* no& of the Caucanus, hevc had M lean more a d mori upan the military crtahlirhmcm in Iran as r prop to the forcer operating brwtbe Black Sca and the Caspian. Measured against r h e r ~cspnnbiliticr and undertakings, our own effort in Iran has bur rclatlvcly limited and wc can appropiately be modcst .born it.
M
YOU" DDU.LI
PIIT

YOU entcr Iran not only rr r d i c r , bur dro rs an indiv i d d . T h r isour %em&-if wearc Mart enough to uw

a As a roldrcr, lour dwtes =dl be c l u r l m l Bot &n a plzce

l~kc I rm,wha youdowan ~ d v i d d - m y o u r m * a u l

k dm- rr lmpmunt I n n u r psbk MU& spa A perr dal of au ruccew or f r l l u ~ mr)rdepend on wherhn
r k lranaltkc us. If the]r lskc us, thcy o n help US s nCIXID~ krr unp If &y don\ they n n uu.e us rmoblr If they
uc

&"be&

f r d y a m m y *m thu.rmfdmec.

CFTII.~

rramr #rlmrr

GETITNOe l m g ~ n It* *t hane,uceptlra& o w doeracy,pdnw-, h e m b k Bur be r And member alw c h p or d m rhc Irana bmcrure&thingruhom. have been @ mDugh fm

% " z t h ~ c b e * ~

the~~~~~fmrw~th&lr~~l~YIdCflwkPO tlungr abmu rhm, Ibm are mo w w p l d.nsr pmnt. Tho. &r rad the. r ~ l x p srq ~ h w of mpmCI;U a IMIMIMI~I ef eubw In & SmI p l , pu dm'% knm smvgh about thcm t o* "I n . opnuon, m the 6 -

plncc, they aren't your business; in the third pkrc, you can make a lot more friends fm WI aide by julf being a deccnt, ordinnry, frkndly American.
I S I T TWC rm1WIS

IN THE dticr you will find mon of the Iranir friendly to Americans. I a n h a often turned for help in her prob 'Icma to American scientists and ecmomirtr, and the lrnoi. apprccilv what h Amcrbnr have done ro help them. They rpprrciau, tw, thc dons of Amerim miuionuicr to build horpiralr and r m p out h. Quite a few of Iran's pmfertionrl men, such aa doctors, w r e cdvnrcd in the United States, and they have brought back fivanblc rcporu *bout us and our mumtry. In the country dirtricrn you will find that the p o p k know less about Aoxrkam. Her. the Geman agenu have been p r r i d r r l y acrive a d shrewd. Since the mtive lrnnir have r dinof morr fmigncn, the Nazis ha. .ent thir rg~ntr-dis~uiwd a3 native and wdl mpplid with r of r c m e pkce. m $4 their lier moncy-inw d l m uul stir up uoublc. (It is belicvcd that at La.r roo of thew

Axis undercover a p t r arc still active in vnriml parm of Iran, in spite of the efforts w weed them out.) Your b e t wny to but this game b to br friendly and not to offend rhc Irania by cadcm disregard for their customs. The zgpoo,oao Irmis ace a mixhlce of poplcr. Thcg belong to the &led Gucarian race, like ourwlvn, derpirs the dark color of the &in, of mmy of them. T d y many d them arc marc Mutcrnized than the inhabitants of bordcrine counrrier. You will ue Buroocan wrtvmes quin pnctnlly in thc zitla, but l a r in the country. One d i thing m d y all B n i r have in common is the Moslem i gion, which we willtdkrboutnlbrklarcr on. In the wuntry, mt of thc pcoplc arc m m r fame% and they arc very pmr. They grow cereals, fruits, cotton, opium, and some vcgeubla. Fmm onethird w twcthirds of their product g a s to the kndlord; they live on the rat. Lack of warm for iirigation (only about lo p r cent of the land is undcr culrivstion) r<munrr for much of Irm'n poverty. In many diruicra you will see mmnQ "hnrti'which that laok like giant anthillr. They mark wclls --red by underground channrlr thmugh which -ter is bmught to &Ids m d villngu ponibly fmm 20 or 30 mller awry. Water ia so precious in Iran that you should be cxrrcmcly careful nor t o damage any "kanrc" you may mmc wrou.

.
. ,

10

. ,

'

Wheat bread is the rraff of l ' i in Iran. Everywhere you will see people eating round Raps of whole wheat bread-a working man will get away with about 50 pounds of &Ip.n month. In the more mountainous part of the country them arc about two m rhrcc million rmi-wandering tribesmen who tend {he sheep fmm which comer the fine wool used in the hmour Persian rugs. Bccavse of the kck of grazing hnd coupled with the =verity of the winerr, thuc tribumcn follow the grass through the seasons-in the high upland valleys in the summer and in the lowland ranges in winter. The majority of pcople in thc citier are handicraft workcn-carpcntcn, shocmkcrs, bakers, marom, and milorr. Each haa a m d l ' r h o p in the bazaar where all the work is done by hand. The mt of the city pcoplc arc mcrchantr, Government oEialr, and big Inndowncrs. Except for the oil indunry (developed m d opcrntcd by the British with Iranian pmonnel) and far romc rcccntly introduced frctorics, mmanvficruring in Iran ir still in thc handicnft stage. Hand-woven rugs even d a y arc Irndr maar impoMnf product. 1\1 r matter of fact, many of rhc modern rnrpm now made in the United States arc woven in old lrrninn dcsignr.

11

THE

-0SLIM

IILIEIOI

UNTIL a b w y ago, if a foreigner had attempted to cntu e marquc (Modem church) in Iran, he would prob ably have btcn beaten to death, md even today it k srfert to keep r u i d y sway from mosques unlcs you are invited there by a responsible person. At Jut ti- thc lrnnis were among rhe mart fanatical of dl Moslems, nnd the mullahs (prints) were the men who redly mn the country. T O ~ S ~ the , sitvat~on in smewhat chmnd. T h e wertemization sf the covouy h u greatly bwned the pomr of the mullahs, so t h t although most lranir are still very devour, religion is no longer the mnuolling national fmce it MF. -9. YOUwill find, generally speak. ing, t b t the mullah hold greater power in the munuy than in thc citiq and that the counuy popk thermclver arc stronger in their relig'ioua h licfs, p r t i c d r l y thdr distmrr of inf~da,u they rcgard m y "on-Mdm. At any ntc, the Modem religion ir r d l a force d l over the country ro that you rhould n~ about i t in order m nvoid

Followers of the M o h religion believe in onc God, i s prophet, Mobmmcd. Allah, and obey the teachings of h Thcy follow the mligious pmcr*u which are set fonh in their sacred bo&, the Kbran. Mort Morluns are v u y sonwicntiov~about &serving carefully the ruler of thdr religion. Hem are the fivc most important rulu:
I . Marlems are forbidden to ear pork. To thun the pig is en unclean animal. They also belicvc dogs r e unclean. Ncvcr offer pork to r Morlm, and if you have a mawa dog, be avrc to keep him away h m d Morlemr and crpccially fmm maquer.
2. The Maslcm is forbidden to drink m y kind of fermented or diiilled liquor. Don't offer him n drink Ict h ~ m see you drunk. T o do either will offend hir reliiow principles.

or

3. The gmd Modem prays fivc rime a day, facing rhc holy city M e p in Arabia, kneeling and bowing to the ground no mrncr where he happens to be when l m prayer comes. If he rtaru doing this in ymr the d pr-CC, mspm his religious sincerity. Do not laugh, bur look the other m y until he has finished. 4. The M m l m day of r a t is Friday. You will find dmmt all pacer of bushes closed.

13

5. O n e month during eech y a r all M d m s observe

the fast of Ramadan. During that time thcy do not cat, drink, or amokc b s w k runrire and sunwt, although thcy may rtzy up ell night ro make up for it. This that thcy are ofen irritlblc at this seasen, Y) make mallownncn. la 1943 R a m d m (Ramazm in I n n ) will

begin a b u t Scptcmber I and last until about October I. Mmt of thc Irrnis Momg to the Sbia serr of the Morlm religion, which differs in xnne of iu beliefs &om the to which morr of the Md-r of orhcr urunSunni u i a bclong. This probably wn'r make m k h diLruve in your rdarions with the lrrnis, bur it mi ht mmc in handy to know about it. In the past the S i n i and thc Shia senr have fought hlmdy and hirvr wnra over their religions dSercnccr. In addition to Rnmnbn (Ramnzan) which bath the Sh~a a d Sunni rccts observe, the Shim in Iran havs a week of mavrning d l c d Moharrm even more importlot to them than Runadm. During that wcek the Shipr mourn three dercendantn of the Prophet Moh-cd w h m h h s in a quarrd over the suecession to Mchammed as Caliph of the Mmlcm religion brought abbot the split betwthe nvo wru. During the week of Moharrem it is a good i d o to he u ~ i r l l y careful in

'({

.'

14

your dealings with the Imnir. F d n g runs high at lhar time and in the p s t many blmdy lights L v c aurrmd between the Shia Ma~lcms,Sunnk, and nonbeliever*. While M c m is the holy city of all Moslems, the Shia sect in Iran have r holy city of their own-Meshed, in eastern Iran n c u the Afghan border. Pilgrim fmm India and Afghanistan visit the city yearly worrhipprng at the grcnt ''golden molque," W i a t in Iran. Meshed is s b the center of education for the mullahr, the rcligioua Icndezs. In addxtion to the Modem, them are dm in I n n small groups of Christians, Icm, and a very ancient religious group, the Zoroastrians. All thcx religions nrc q o i x d officially, a kcr which rhowr that the average inhabitant has a kind of broad rolermm. Respect his d i gion, and he'll respect yourn. Thrr k i t 1 W d e at all timer. So if romcbady cakes you to visit a Modem mosqvc (and that is the only safe wry to go) don't laugh or think it funny that thc Morlmr keep their hats on in church, hut ukc their ah- of. Thcy would think our custom just P( odd, but would probably bc too polite to my m.
IRA",
CUSTOM.

A*.

MA**t!I.

POLITENESS, as

r matter of fact. is one of thc firrt things you'll notice when you begin to maer the Iradr. Their language is onc of the mar &erg in the world

15

and one of the rxhm m plttc p h n w They nre dw, There u no backalappmg or roughh w g And they don't know n thmg a b u t bxmg or fighung w~ththnr Bsrr If you should happn to 1 y o u DmpCr and knock an lrsm down, your outfit would unmcdqnly get n bad repumaon, to say nothmg of the fact that )PU mtght ruo mnto a mcrJ of trouble m w n c lam Persod d~gmty a very ~mprtnntta an 1-1 It IS n p m t to be kept m mmd Thc DIN& e y of Iramr m y be n ba mlslldmg, somctuncr Often you wdl ftnd that the Iran19 you ma wrll agree with you no mamr what you ray or d tell you what they thnnk d please you nth- than what you redly wdnt to know AoMher thmg, mom of the pcopk are enmnely conxmr of them long bmory and thur culture, and they behew that Is vruquc among d the DnUMI of the world Thcrc nr an old anymg m I"Hathc Wmld u Idahan" lrfnhmwar o m o m of the hsmmt beauuful utzr nnywherc,and Ibel~eved that ~f fmk d l the rest of & world to e q u a ~ ~ e ~ so, m g the kmrr p h ~ wenst y belleve nns boasur. you do about lour own sounay h t h e r thxng <know m ccmmemm mth m n e r s u that the Mmlun 19 very madclf about a p m g b.body m the p m m of orhcrs Runember thu and w a d o&nding hir ruuc of what la pmpr and mnnmu~
very csmom-

'4 ,

,I

"

'.

'

',
){

$ Q I : ,

18

11C@Mly. l h Irani mo't v e q pmpcrous mdsy, but cvcn ro they are known for their hapidiry, and
in the citicr the m d i cntcn thc runt wry u in the United States. There arc tabla, chairs, phtu, and rilverwam. In the pmrcr home, however, and in the country the old c u m % am followed. The h r t thing to do ir to watch your hmt and do as hc docs. You probably wodt pc thc on the women of the family at all. You will i t c-lcggcd Bmr aod cat with your fingers from a way in the cent&:' Ea only wrd your hond, cvsn if you arc a oouthpaw. This is a stria custom. Don'r cat r w much, h u e what. is ldt is for the wqlen and child-. Whcn y m knvc you will h expccrcd to rhnlic hands. But do this gently. The lrnnis do not have a v M i k c grip or pump the h a d up and down. If you want to rmLc a gift to your hat, romc American cigarctres or aomc fonn of JMCU will h appreciated. Better still, send them dong to him later. When you arc in an lrnni home don't h tw mthushii abut admiring wrme pdticulsr objca. Out of mune*y your host might feel obliged to give it to you. If an 1 -

+I

'

'

17

mnks you a gift, the proper thing to do is to give him one of c q u l value in return. o f t e n in n home, or even in shop, you will k offered mffce or tu.If you don't went my, you may rcfux. Bur if you rake one cup or glru.yau will be expected to dri& PI lean two and p r i b l y thm. To stop at less, once you haye rmrtcd, is urnridcd rude. Butdo nottaker founh.ltmry be &red, but you arc expected to rcfure it. Often the third cup or glass is considered a signal that your visit is at m end and it is time fm you to p unlnr you arc quancced io the houw.

7' ..:

fi
18

Innl Waolsn. The paition of wancn in I- is far more advanced than in many Moslem c o w tries. In the cities the veil has dirapparcd h a t entirely, except on dder women, and European dreu is bccoming the rule. Howcver, yon will find that you canna do in I a n rr yon would at home. You adnor pick up or &tc nn r a n i girl. You mu* wait for a f a d inmoducrion.Even then most Irani girls do nn yet have the hcial life that we ~ T u.u.uyomcd C to. In m r homes you will find that the be-mon, or fmm , part of thc housz, ismewed formen; while the women are in the andismn, or back part of the h m e , where no man is dowed to cnvi orcven Imk in.

' "

' :

Ocqariodly you will see Irani men and women together in public, bur most wwial life is nil1 for men only. You will never m a man and woman walking .rm in arm. On the other hand. v w will freauentlv , we men walkine hand in hand. Don'r let this give you any funny i d n r abut them. It ir simply rhc way of cxpru~ingfriendship. Any approach you might make to an l n n i woman, either in the country or the city, would be svrc to be resented and would nurc almost ccrtrin trouble. So keep your dinmnce. Don't make pares. Don't even aarc at thc women. To do this would only <sure trouble, and myway it wm't get YOU mywhere.

o r t tradcnmcn have stalls in the bamarr, Bargainin& M which you will find in all the cities, and bargaining ir a great national pastime. You will have to bargain tor almost cvcryrhing you buy. The price first quaccd is always higher than you should pay. A little g d - n a m e d American horw trading will p the price d a u o anywhcrc from r third to two-thirds. However, you must c x p r m pay morc for t h i n e than rhc lnnir do. As an Anvriun aoldter, you are p i d as much in a month as many nativcr earn in half n year or morc, and they will think it only fair that you should pay higher price.

The k n p g e you wdl hear mll & p d on the put of ? the country you are m Io the north, m y of the pople $perk r form of Turkzsh Near the Puuvl Gulf m the south, you wdl hca~ b b r c Thuc am nummu. other I n n p g n md dmlects, and many of the eduutcd Inn. & una s p k F m h md Engluh However, the o & d 1sngu;lgc of the munq 3s known aa Fa-, or, more commonly, Persrm, and rmrly all Iranlr understand ', aomc of rt Smdy the Farsee words and phrni the end of thxr guxde, and u e t h , md you wxll be able ra gn dong You should prtlcdrrly learn aamc of rhc most c m mon phte phrof grmmg, prnng, nc, such la raLAH-nun o U Y kum (Peace be on you) wbch u u3~d m m u g , KHOO-A H A H ~ ~ (cod Z be your ~ m -or) wbch u uld when nkrng leave of someone, q bu MIU.lr (In the name of God) whlch u mad befolr cpug. and mem-NOON-, whlch u one of the many ways of uyrng "Thmk you " 5 Rununbu agaro, your cue u to be polite but OM

a l m Them u really no smgglc language m Irm

'1

J
,

aPd lnuaawnb Except m Tchcrm, you won't find movru or hM r p n s md you'll depend on what

'

29

sporu equipment your outfit brings with it for nmuremcnr. There i s however, gmd hunting and m e fuhing. Iran has plcnty of quail, snipe, and wmdcak, and you'll find wild boar in some rmionr. If you arc out after rhc latter don't make the mistake of blasting sway rt h i with nn ordinary rhor gun. Thc b u l k will hmnce o f f his tough hide and M U probably run you all thc wry back to u m p i f you can keep nhnd of him. Another favorin sport is chasing k r d l c in r jeep. Thc main dikultculty ir lo catch up with thun, for the pile is dmmt as rwifr and shifty as our own western antelope. Also, you'd bcncr watch out for c h d hok during the chnw. The Iranir h e a w d , and andent, way d arching .ducks worth trying. You'll need a Large Bashlight, n p*ce of net rigged likc a bvttcrEy act, a dishpan, and r dub. Plant yourmlf in rhc r e & ar night, rurn on the Bshlight, bang on the dishpan with your dub, and w p up the duck in the net when he flies down at the light. It's not 1s easy 18 it a n d l and m m fua than banging swng with n gun.
L I Y D O.
111"

T H E kindom of Irnn m u p i e thc -ern

rwwhirdr of the great Iranian platnu that r m h c s rcmr routharetern Asin from the Indus Riwr in India to the Tigris in Imq.

21

Iran iuelf extends mughly 6w miles fmm the Caspian Sea on the north to the Pcrrinn Gulf on the m t h ; a b u t goo mile* fmm Afghanistan and Baluchisrnn on the cast to Turltcv ,and lraa on the west. It has an a m caual ro a b u t one.fifth that of the United Sraterd28,ooo square mule+ with a population a b u t onetcnrh a* great as ours. Mon of the country is tahlelmd, nnging in elevation fmm 3 . o ~ to 8,000 feet a b v c aea Icud; but there am two amar of m a d lowlands. The one along the shores of the PC& Gulf is n dcwrt with very hot dry winds. The other, bordering the Carpian Sea, is hot and wet, with rropiul jungles where there arc tigers to be hunted. At of the tableland arc n n g u of mountains which the resemble our Rockies. To cross there mountaim the TransIranian Railway mquimr 124 tunnel* and gloz bridges in h e c o w s of its &o milcr from the Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea. The grcatcr part of thc tnblcland where most of the peeplc live ir dcrerr-much like the drier regions of western Unircd Stater. In the summer, rhc muntryridc ir brown and derolau, and in the eastern part u c such areas aa the Darht-i-Kavir (salt dcsrt) and the Lut Ducrt, which are barren. Very few people l i x in this cartern part of the tableland. T h o s who do make their living a shep hcrdr. In the western portion there rm mountain nnges

22

and high valleys. Here, wherever water is avrilable,there is irrigation farming much like that practiced in Utah and The large cities arc located in the irrigated sptr. Teheran, the capital, has a ppulation of morethan 3oo,mo. Tabriz, in the northwest corner, has abovt 2m,ooo p p l c : Irfahan. in the wcarcrn mountains.. rw.ooo: . . Merhcd..in the cartern mountainr, 1 4 o . o ~ ; and Rcrhr, on the reiny Car pian coast, about go,wo. Some of thew cities arc very interesting for rhcir architccrurc and pcoplc, while Teheran is not find the kind modern in many rcrpccrr though you WBU of cntcrtarnmenr to which you are accurrorned at home. The climate of Iran is healthful, except in rhc a s p i a n lowlands, whem malarial m o s q ~ ~arc t ~asdanger. ODthe tableland the weeher m m b l u that of low, Nebmska, and the Dakotaa though there ir less rainfall. In winter rcnlperaruru are low, although they aeldorn drop M o w uro. In Jummcr, they avcmgc bcrwccn 70 and 90 degrees, sometimer raring abavc ~ wOn . the tabllmd, even when the day* am hot, bc prepared for sudden d m p in tcmpcrarurc after the run gocr down. Evcrywhcrc, ucept along the northern -st, rainfall ir ronry. On the rssccrn tableland the rnio ddom exceeds cighr inchu annually, and the wcrrcrn tableland averages rg incher-abaut t h e m e as %If LnkcCicy.

. - .-

Nrv%rls .

23

W l S T D l l l AND C O V I l Y l L N T

T W O THOUSAND five hundred yean aeo. " . Iran.. then Perria, was the military nation of the world. C y w the Great, the first of r series o f mldier k i n g , csmhlirhcd an empire that included the whale of thc Middle East fmm lndla to rhc Med~urraneaaand from the C a u c m s b p to the Ind~an Ocean. In chow early years as a world empire, Iran war organized for total war. According to military hirmrirns it war the hnr nation to mt up a system of univcraal militar" service. Bovs of five beran trainins in the u s e of a m and at thc age of 15 cntered into a Fyear period of advanced training. After thrr they wcrc rerervirrr, liable for militnry duty when needed, until they reached the age of 50. The Persians were also believed to have been rhc hnt m employ 1 4 e r r on a large %ale to increase the fu, power of rhcir forces. And they developed this arm further by puning rhc bowmen on honcbark. . Darius rhc First, gr~ndranof Cyrus, war m u d particularly for his atrcnrion to rhc prohlcmr of supply. One of his major work war the conruucrion of a vast network of military rmdr cvcr which umps and rvppliu could be rnnrputed to any threatened pan of thc onpirc. He alro crrablirhcd an empire-wide rprcm of mm-

29

alunicarioll by mounted carriers-not unlike thc famow In 33, B. C . , the Iranian Empire was finally overduown by Alexander the Grcnt at the Battle of Arbela. With about q,wo men, hc defeated more than a milPcrrianr uxd clephanu, probably ihc fin1 time in hirwry r h ~ they t appeared on a battlefield as offeosim -pons, rhcir tncrical employment being quite like that of the rnnk in wday's wzrfarc. It tmk 500 years for Ican w make r comehack as a nation. Then, under Ardashk, a tribal chief, the pmplc rnconquercd much of their old empire in the Middle East and again dmve into Indla. For thc'ncxt 4w yarr, the Perrhns were constantly at wac; k h t i n g about 15 major wan with the Roman Empire a d numerous smaller ~ u with r the Whirc Hvns the A d s , the Turks and the Khazarr. In the 11th century, Inn, dong with orhcr countries, suffered one of the worst blitzkriegs in history. Hordcs of Monzol horsemen.. caolbls of tnvcline So miles a b v or x,wo mile a month, swept out of the East dcsubying everything in their p t h . At Mcrv, a city in the northwcstcrn p r t of the empire, p4wo p p l c were killed. Ar Nirhnpur, all things living, cvcn the mimalr, were

27

wipcd our, and the city war Icvclcd. For the next roo v a n . the counrrv-what there war left of it-was mled by rhc dcwcndanfs of rhc Mongol conqueror. Split rnro small narcs and dommnarcd by forcmgn ruler, for ~cvoal hundred years. Pcra~aarmc again m the 16th century undcr the Safavid kings, the of which war Shah Abbar. Partially undcr the heel of Turkey, whose military power wnr nearly at i u hcighr, Shah Ahbas began the rmrganization of the P u ~ i l nA m y which wrs then composed almost cxdusively of light cavalry. Wirh the help of two Rritish soldier-advcnrurera, thc Shidcys, n wellsquipped army of cavalry, infantry, and anillcry divisions war created. In lu fim major trid, the new army met and dcfcared 1 ~upcrior Tvrkih iqRicting mom than 20,ooo carualticr. From the 17thcentury on, the history of I n n was onc of increasing foreign influence, with England and Russia the predominant nations. Wars and internal strife were almmt ~nccrrantx, that by rhc time the First World War bmkc out I n n war slmmt i n n ststc of anarchy. During the, war thc Rritish, Rusimr, and Tvrkl mvpicd prtr of the country. In 1921 a new Icadc~,R- Khan, arose, an o&r in the famous b a c k Division, her to become Shah. Under his lcadcnhip many step t-rd modeiniution of the country wem &en. In A u p t

km,

2)

%h. Today Iran is n constitutional momrrh~, with a Shah and r prliamcnt which is elected evuy 2 years. Iranian politics are in a m c w h a t dcl~czrc rratc due t o the war simaion, so it ir imponant that you avoid any crprcuion of opinion on polaka1 masers.
S A l l T A m l COWDITIONS

YOU will find few of the sanitary precautions which you rake for ganrcd nr home. Even in thc apital, Teheran.
which the Iranians mnrldcr the mon bcautifd capital in rhc world, and which has wide mar and modern buildinp, you will find no wnud water supply and no serverage system. In thc cities, m a r of rhc tc~lctrarc crude outhouws. In the villagu &<re are not even these, and you will have lo p r uud u , relieving ymrwlf outdoan ar my convenient uld scclvded spot. In both the cirin m d the country you will have to carry youiown supply of toilet

PP'. Beaure of the lack of swage dirporal, yo0 must never drink ."y ,".*a, 'ha' her nor brrn BoilcS. The open
to wash in &em.

irriptian ditches =re so full of germs it is n a even safe The k t drink is hot tea. Ires (shcr-

20

beta) nm no ufer than the water from ahrch thq srs made, and m gncral should k rvo~ded Wma rr curled by morqulmcr, and masqurw nets am a n ~ s s ~ wherever fy thcrc t n r a s are f o u d The n a r d l also hdp to protect you from Jcorptona, whrd ldoL a ba like cnyfuh and whrch have n pznful and wmermu dangemur amg They lrkc to rlccp x n shoe*, lo be sure w sh& youn out m the morning kforc you pub them on Shn, rcdp, and cyc d l r a m are common, 90 p r m a l d-lmcs rr v u p tmportnnr Be urcful, tm, never w rub your cycr Vcnucd diacase IS prcvalcnt Dodt take chuleesl T h e are some general health hmm Your medrul and wdl glvc you more dctndcd lruuucuoru ruutnq &rs
MISCELLINEOUS I M F O R I I T I O W

EUlmMy. The pnnopd unlr of currency m Inn a the nd (pronounced "mAHL') It lo wonh dour three centa m Ameracan money, and lo dw, worth IW dznmr ("DEEnai'), ~ u r rar the Amerncan dollar IS worth rw <en- There xr no c a n for r rlnglc dina, however The mdcrc Iran, m ~ n 1s an dummum ar b m z ptcrc wonh five drmn Other coxnr are 10, 25, 50 d m a prmc6, and r. 2, and 5 nd nlver, colnt The offimro of your outfit

90

I very likely make arrangemenu for you to change r money into Iranian cuncncy. If you chvlge your howcvcc, barer go to a repurablc bank. The rate change varies constantly, and the professional money arc quick to take advantage of yovr ignorance gc rater. l o Iran the Government and most burinur follow a calendar peculiar to Iran. Their N c w r r Day, called N o Rooz, is the ~ 1 s of t March. There 12 months of 30 or ~r days each starting from that . The 'lunar" or "mwn" calendar is uacd by rclius group. That means that there are 13 months of drys each. It also mcnns that rpcial dater will nor bccur at the ram rime of thc year as on our calendar. For instance, in rgq, the feast of Ramadan began =boat September 10, but in 1943thc dare fsllr amund Scptcmhr I . All religious holidays arc figured by the lunar cdcn dar, and thu* vary from year toyer.

TlmL Train xhcdulcr m d government o5-r urn the

I(-hour clack, which ia the same as our official Army time. On this c l a l r p. m. ordinary tims hcomer rs dclmk, 6 p. m. IS 18 o'elack, I T p.m. ir 23 ddock, m. Ouside of the cities, the Moslcrns are very vague about the time, and gemally uw suarbe and 3-r as a rwd.

31

u d InfPcqtmedwnorhsvcaptdalofmtaning m the 1 Spcsd and haste are almost mkmmm. WhenmIlsolupr"nav"hcmerm~rhrnanhour01 *a Wbm he np "mmmrd' (FAR-DAH) freqwrady hmar m the fuaur

b,thcULta,"w~chLaLqlemorr
hn0ncofauq)mm.

W~ladYllrunr Thrmcmrp~~nuuadbrdl & m c m r a m t and m g h a m I-. The un* of hgh m thc mtm r y u nr ~ thc "mmcr," &h is937
&,orrh&morrthmendourpudr.Thmt

'

of mad duwrr u thc "kthmer," ah&

IS r , w mrra or about fi-hthr (a It& over mhrlf) of M L o ~ f our rmlcl Thr ~ ~ of n w&t f it thc %!+gram," which sn pounds m our q m . L ~ q u d arc

How-, thc Innu have ~e"enl b m l #y,wm of msho and mru ura of lhar sun. If gou run mto of t k you wtU -ply hrve m Lsmthemwkmtheumcmmer. In mnl dltnm,pnmsululy, th. lrare s nguc about dutura M are abmt nq hrsc

.,I,

~1*sLdemylnlepd&mtbw hocs D o not place mo much cm6&rxc m .n+mg they tdl p u .

&.

C 1 1 1 C I L I S T O I DO'S

IPS.

D0W.T.

Rerpcct the lrrnir as men and ar roldicrr; recognize that their way of lrfc is as right and natural for them a

youn is for you. E x p t to barpin for your purchavr and always arrive ar a price bcforc accepting any gmdr or services whatmCr.

Alwsya wash your hands before caring, and say ' "Bi~milld"if Mmlcmr arc prcxnr Respar the Morlcmr at pnycr. Keep any dogs of your own away from mosques and from Modem home. Drink water only as hot tea or after bailing. In general, take your cues on manncn from rhc I r v l i ~ and remember that your mission may . fail if you . rmkc cncmin of rhcm. h ' r try to tell Innis how much bcttcr cvcryrhing b in rhc United Srarcr. They think most things ue bnrcr in Iran. Don't discus religion. Don'r diwuu polaicr. Don't cntcr mmqucs vnlcrr you arc invited and escorted rhcrc by r Mmlem. Don'r offer an lrani liquor or drink it in front of h i .

'
',

Don't offer en Inni pork in any fom: b n , murage, or food -Led in lard. Dodc much or jade Irani men; cvcn thms you know quite well will n n t it. Don't twcb a rnpchlMe Ir?ni woman, or even I d at one unneccrnrily. Don't rvike an Inni. Don'r threaten Innis; use pcnuaaion, cxplmmion, and , e r wards m gcr things done. Don't c r p c your body in the presence of an Inni. Don't rnirrakc courtesy for friendship; an Inni is dwap polite, but he is hrndsmcnrnlly ~vrpiciou~ of forcignua. Don't expect definite future commiuncnu: when an lnni rays "now" he means "thb very hour"; when he rays FAR-DAH (tomorrow) he means "metime m the futurc." Don'r expect definite knowledge of distances fmm muntry men;they travel little and have never lurncd n ,urr numbcrs (except very s d onn) with any e Don't ridicule or criticize rhc Irnnb in English in public places. Some know English qviv as well la you do. Above all, lus common ~ o s c on all -ion$. And m e m b e r chat cvcry American roldicr is an unofficialem. basador of gmd will.

WIMTS ON

mowocwcwa

P1ItS14M

THESE am pronuncution hints to hclp you in h i o g

t o the Persian language records which have bccn supplied

to your trmp unit. They will alm help p u with the p m nunciation of sdditional words and phrgiven in the vorsbulary below, which arc n n indudcd in rhc records. There is nothing very dil6cult about Persian-cepr that you won't bc able to read signs and mwapapers you wiU'%c. That ir bccau~ethc Pcrrirnr we a diffuent rilphabcr fmm ours. lhreforc, the insmiom and v* cabulary helow arc not bared on the written Pcrdnn language, but are n aimplifvd system of repruenting the language as it rouad,. This system mnrainr letters for d l rhc yrvnds you rnrur make to be underrood. Ir docs nor contain Icrrcrs far sane o f the sounds you will hear, but it will give you enough to g a by on, both listening and speaking. The rounds of Persian Yarg fmm region to ' C ~ ~ Dwry I I , much rr English v a n e in pronunciation in this country. The dialect you will hear on the records i a nathcrn dialcrt, and if you follow it you will be underrrmd almost cvcrywherr Here uc n few simple ruler to hclp you: I . Arrmrr. You know what the accented syllable of r word is, of course. It' is the syllable which ir spoken louder than the other sylbblcs in the word. W e

35

I 1 show accented (loud) syllable m cap~tlllctten and accented syllable ~nm l l letters. Yo& Thnc arc the kxnd d aoundr we mprernt Engltsh by a. r. o, u, d,ay, etc rust follow the keg lav and you wtll have no tmublc
r

, ,

:
: '.

or A WYI. I L 0 in w ( E X W I PN ~: A me=niw"m") or N1 qurL dw he. in father (EumpL: CHAHR. meanurL ins .Your") rn AY q m l . the ay in day (Elmplc: a-LAH-ox* .-LAY-kxn, mnninz 'gmd b y " ) or E e q u s u d , the bl in iot (Exam* YEK. m&

"-",
nunc
3,

or EE or I or A w

qulr

Ih. ee b lzet (Example: BEEST "m"iw '"~W~V'') dw i b (Elrmplc: I s m i m n . i n ~ "my ~~urL

c,

equals

or

00 & s
qwl.
.qulls

"
o

or U or 0

the au in w l n l but d i w d h b o n (Erample: jvnS muniw .'Fndn~") dw 00 boat (Ewnph: m a - N O O N .irs w d m "W You") the her m w (Example: k*.d.NUM, m a " . i.8 %ladun or M ' u " ) the o in l a ci e x m p l p l AHBB I 0 0-0. I w "k,")

3. Consaa#nu. The mmmntr nre all thc sound. that

arc not vowels. Pronounce t k m jurr as you know them

in Englnrh.

All uuuonsoll &odd h pronounced.

a7

N~~~~ " ~ l i ~ h rthem. " Here

sounds to h n .
h

arc PDW

-man<

.ftu ~rndl h is~ l v n y rpmnouod wlrh the h s o d Liren arrfully m Ibc h round on ~k -dl kh ir prom-rd wko yovr & r a t wko you b . ~ ,o .,. i t. .,.I -lvlly for r on Ibc -rd. g is p m m m d like t h rrccp, it 3. not 3 a s m n g nod 7 0 " pn

.h u Ilks lhc rh in r h u
d ,
"Ilk= 1ht.d in d w c h
OI

rh is 1,kc ,he r in uurc

ng i.li*cIbcbcl*lo"lZ

Ibc

' in m-re

L
LIST

* . S T

USEFUL WOIDS

I W O PWIASKS

HU1E i s a h of rhc morr wchrl words and phcyou

need in Persian. You should / e m rhrsr by heart.
They arc the words and phrwr includcd on the Persian
gusgc records, and a p p r here in the order rhcy a c v r

will
C-np
. n .

[Engkh--Sii#rF?d
-n

-W

H - nus n

Pnn.n

Swflnpl
ml

Y-BXIe
M A
Undcnrrnd

MEECi.*d -HEW ME-

I clont uodmund-NA-me-/@-

man

--

PI-.

~ p o k Ilowly-khnl-

an-NOON-

her-TE W R F BE---NEED
h**"

M l t * . l

o u m right--&

RAHST B E . w

rn '.light Id-UmT B E .
PI-

r M Ihrhd

k CHAP 8 E - m

n-rrnl point+hd-HISX
heed

MEB.

kw-mn, niJHAHN BE&

olrura ur drm in hilomeun nor mila

Onr hlomnr. 4"d. % o f s mil..

W W J o 4 I E T R

m m h

-YEK d A

UV-P-~PDA~ +h~deei.DAh oinmr-oorDdh

m m y - m

f0vrSHAHR fivcPdN1 ,k-sHISH x-HAFT &-heHASHT nincNdWh -DAh clr-hi-DAh

MxaryoncBEEST<w.YEK
thVty-sEs

thi-tHEz~zcD0 fo-heHIL fihp-wm+AHh rixWHASI 8mmnJ.f-TdHD - I ~ ~ . V ~ ~ . D A ~ &~~+~.TAHD tbm-s-DAh ninw#-VAD one h " n d n d 4 A D bmcm-.-iWrD"h Mtee-hu-DAh rl h ~ . Z N I R .h-,hah",.DAh

10

Wh., lcCHEEST I d N W h ' . Ib.3--IN CHEEST I-MAN armen-a-GAHR rntd(EE.kh.hrn

I want rig--MAN aCAHR MEE.kbhn m ur--BE.&bw.wm I w a r m ",--MAN MEE. 4h- B E . k h . l ; ~ ~

r Bnd-NAHN
Prut-mce.VE Wa-AH# Ems-TAWKH-nr MAWRGH MsCCUSHT Poetas-SEE& n-me-NEE Milk--SHEER B a d H B - e 10 d h Y E K n'n'LAHS AH& I0 A NP ofd - Y E K @ . l A H N CAh-VE A NP d tn-YEK fn-IAHN d.h.EE
A 8I.s
yo" my:

h d'iWL0
'kb-md.HEE

TOfin4 out h r n d lbiom -,I How m w h ? - 4 H A N D

Onc "-AKL"-YEK

m w
Two " - A W - D A W
AHL me. AHL

n What tin.
hl-&-XI

CHAND

Ten w -Ah d.-rn~R AZ YEK w . x u b - T E

41

Qmmr p t fivfiYEK RAWB AZ PAN) p . w d T E h o t y psrt W-BEPST 1. * " a AZ HAJT In'". *mh T E Hdf p t t w-SHISH-a* NEW T w n t y of n p b c E E E S T d r -ce & HASHT MeE
&h+-.rd

N what nmr dos Ih. m m u

sun?--CUE VAKHT m . n MAH I ~ S ~ . R O O Mee. ,Aa.md

h e h.lrplanhJHIN h v 4 e r a KAT M E E b b -

What

Md am. dm. d,c rm. I~~X?-CHEVAKHP nnS-SHIN h m - M T MEE-

of w ~ Y E K R A W Bbr DAW MEE-mnA.d-.rd w b u t i m c C H e VAKW h e mo"iC,e,."..MAH .mnenehi).ROO MeBrha@arm

4-ad
Thy--1M-ROO2 T~~w-FAR-DAH

.
,

v-.rd
D b

.,

tk. l *

SundarYEK-,hSn-BP Mond~yDAw-r6an-BE Turrdry--SE.,hm-BE W&)cCHAH8-s4am-B

Thunda+ANI-'rb.n-BE Prida-n-E SaNnty--h-BE

y . d .P " . I"

What i. your n-?--IS-m. S ~ - M H C H E E ~ M y onmc L J&--ISns MAN

lobs

)ou u y "ublr" io DAR /&-SEE ~1641 CHE MEE.wrrd c d b ~ h a m k .h .~m ~ ~

I b r do

*ummlll.F*N..l

e . , . I I

nk (d r

nv+r)--ru HEL

IaXcDAR ?ah CHE m"n4ulYAW &hPAHN nva--ROOD k k h NE

mow--nn(k3 $,"lag or -..r

r y o m (1lght)-ROO2 Icxn--ldh RAW n 6n-h

x r or ,vask-pn GAL woods n g r o r c ) n SHE

hol-

M E Y S H ME mars<ah R# ax-ROOD ru-hf TdHB utad-RAHD

Tln*

a n M A H h
m a /T E

ya,,"bld&Ooz

m u Jd?

May
to

=,-4,e

DAHD

*,

ts w u s u l n *I

AW*

m Lprlnbr* 2.-

1-r

*.-*her

SH.4hrn

VAR

Scptemk zr

Ceok

2 , 2 1 . I -

MEhR

h b r

21

21-

Cdz&r

n m Novemkr

d-BAHN
Nwrmbr n m I*rcmber

NI-ZIR

DAY January 21 10 Lbrvvy ddh-MAN ~ ~ b r u a rat y m -b .I-.

FAND

bey (or %)-+SAR kotherd..mh.DAR cbild-h-CHE dlvgbler (or glrl)--dukh-TAR famil~-KnAHdQE L&rlrrlrDAR

D " l.

hmbnduh-HdR
m A A R D
mether-d-DAR
dsw-khh-NAR
w-4dN
sad, .ycCHESHM
fmgt-n*-c.fwsH+
frnt-PAN
h d O O
nacdn.M.4HCH or &NEE
r&da"dnh.HAH dqI-PulHN
l o c m e C d W S M - r PAH

.nn-&h.ZOO bck-PAWSHT W,-k.DAN d O O S H bnod--D4fl @-JAR I s r S d H G H - r PdH m&~-HAN ~k-m.D.4N

.
U

Yu.adlun*un

S T A K H te KHAHB bl&-,..TOo
&an.d,.m

r-II.
aow (&

KAWN plue)-*u
r ~

I h REE

umbcMkYAHR

ondm

MOO

gloude-KEW hu--t--t-LAHh n.rkdck#rrh-VNI+

m ~ h I V A H R undcnhin-ZPER pcnd.,k. NEE

u l u . . .
4-KHOOB 6nd--BdD Xi. large, gxa~-AwRC smdl or ltt?l-kc+CHEK nghl-RAHST Idd4HAP rick-d-KAWSH u.lCKHOOB o r KKAWSH hungry--pau.mur-NE thi",y--y.b.NE bbr*-s,.YAHb wbi--FEED red--SAWRYH blu-&BEE
*.ceMBT

rold--SAD , hecCARM %+TAR d-KHAWSHK ~ ~ 0 ~ i r c ~ e - R d ~ ~ chclpaZAHN

c ~ * o h - U &

&lI-PAWR long-4r-UHZ .har-frn-TAHh h.vrus.GbEN hzbw.BAWK dd id Femol)-PEER old (of ~ ~ ) - 4 a w b - N E

new-xo
y e V A H N elcar-PAHK dir~--4a-SsEF

ycUo&ARD b'gh4#u-LAND lo-h-TAH1 d e H O D or a-MEECH rhallw--COD NEEST Nod-rkMAHL SsvMwNOOB

-OR
-s.DEU[

%sL4HARGH Wnt-GHARB

-b
w~PKEE wbc-CHE how mny-6.sd-TAH how f H H E CHADR RIH.

h a
myoncKA-,~ everytdy--H.,R.~a,

for4~-RAH-)r +AZ i P D A R or TOO w

Wbrt &e is mdnyI--EV--~vz CHAND DOMe MAHWbrl &s d th wk?--EH.

How b r 8.

CHE GHADR R N t ~ t h z
Wbov bovr u

* v s e r l d r AHBE
mu?-

k**-

NEW KPEST IS th wrrn s d ~ l m-DEEK m -REEN DE6 4m.IAHST -1-&ASTAR

W k

, ...~
I
)uw --MAN

I bsrco'l my m o H N HEETCHPOOL NA&&nn

Ism &-AN
HAS-

GAHR &.RAM mh-KHAIYSH

M I an Am-AN m+#h.E x.4S.m lam your f m d - + f A N WOSC l b M A H H.4S.1..I