Microelect ronics

Circuit Analysis and Design Circuit Analysis and Design

Donald A. Neamen
Chapt er 6 Chapt er 6
Basic BJT Amplifiers
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-1
McGraw-Hill
I n t his chapt er, we will: p ,
Underst and t he concept of an analog signal and
t he principle of a linear amplifier. e p p e o a ea a p e
I nvest igat e how a t ransist or circuit can amplify a
small, t ime- varying input signal.
Discuss and compare t he t hree basic t ransist or Discuss and compare t he t hree basic t ransist or
amplifier configurat ions.
Analyze t he common- emit t er amplifier. y p
Underst and t he ac load line & det ermine t he
maximum symmet rical swing of t he out put .
Analyze t he emit t er follower amplifier Analyze t he emit t er- follower amplifier.
Analyze t he common- base amplifier.
Analyze mult it ransist or or mult ist age amplifiers. Analyze mult it ransist or or mult ist age amplifiers.
circuit . Underst and t he concept of signal power
gain in an amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-2
McGraw-Hill
Common Emit t er Common Emit t er
wit h Time- Varying I nput
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-3
McGraw-Hill
I
B
Versus V
BE
I
B
Versus V
BE
Charact erist ic
be
i I
v
I i ) 1 (
b B
T
be
BQ B
i I
V
I i + = + ~ ) 1 (
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-4
McGraw-Hill
ac Equivalent Circuit q
for Common Emit t er
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-5
McGraw-Hill
Small- Signal Hybrid t Model for npn BJT Small Signal Hybrid t Model for npn BJT
=
V
I
g
T
CQ
m
|
t
=
I
V
r
T
T
|
t
t
= r g
I
m
CQ
|
t
g
m
Phasor signals are shown in parentheses.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-6
McGraw-Hill
Small- Signal Equivalent Circuit Using Small Signal Equivalent Circuit Using
Common- Emit t er Current Gain
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-7
McGraw-Hill
S ll Si l E i l t Ci it f Small- Signal Equivalent Circuit for
npn Common Emit t er circuit
) )( (
B
C m v
R r
r
R g A
+
=
t
t
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-8
McGraw-Hill
B t
Problem- Solving Technique: Problem Solving Technique:
BJT AC Analysis
1. Analyze circuit wit h only dc sources t o find Q
point point .
2. Replace each element in circuit wit h small-
signal model including t he hybrid model for signal model, including t he hybrid t model for
t he t ransist or.
3 Analyze t he small signal equivalent circuit 3. Analyze t he small- signal equivalent circuit
aft er set t ing dc source component s t o zero.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-9
McGraw-Hill
Transformat ion of Element s
Element DC Model AC Model
Resist or R R
Capacit or Open C
I nduct or Short L
Diode + V

, r
f
r
d
= V
T
/ I
D
,
f d T
/
D
I ndependent Const ant
Volt age Source
+ V
S
- Short
I ndependent Const ant
Current Source
I
S
Open
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-10
McGraw-Hill
Hybrid t Model for npn wit h Early Effect Hybrid t Model for npn wit h Early Effect
A
o
I
V
r =
CQ
I
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-11
McGraw-Hill
Hybrid p Model for pnp wit h Early Effect Hybrid p Model for pnp wit h Early Effect
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-12
McGraw-Hill
Expanded Hybrid t Model for npn Expanded Hybrid t Model for npn
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-13
McGraw-Hill
h- Paramet er Model for npn h Paramet er Model for npn
|
t
+ =
b ie
h
r r r h
re
r
r
h ~

t
| =
fe
h
o
oe
r r
h
1 1
+
+
=

|
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-14
McGraw-Hill
T- Model of an npn BJT T Model of an npn BJT
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-15
McGraw-Hill
4 Equivalent 2- port Net works 4 Equivalent 2 port Net works
Volt age Amplifier
Current Amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-16
McGraw-Hill
4 Equivalent 2- port Net works 4 Equivalent 2 port Net works
Transconduct ance
Amplifier
Transresist ance
Amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-17
McGraw-Hill
Common Emit t er wit h Volt age- Divider g
Bias and a Coupling Capacit or
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-18
McGraw-Hill
Small- Signal Equivalent Circuit Small Signal Equivalent Circuit
Coupling Capacit or Assumed a Short
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-19
McGraw-Hill
npn Common Emit t er p
wit h Emit t er Resist or
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-20
McGraw-Hill
Small- Signal Equivalent Circuit : Small Signal Equivalent Circuit :
Common Emit t er wit h R
E
) ( |) 1 (
2
1 ib i
E ib
R R R R
R r R
=
+ + = |
t
) (
) 1 (
S i
i
E
C
v
R R
R
R r
R
A
+ + +

=
|
|
t
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-21
McGraw-Hill
R
E
and Emit t er Bypass Capacit or R
E
and Emit t er Bypass Capacit or
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-22
McGraw-Hill
Current Source Biasing and Current Source Biasing and
Nonlinear Load
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-23
McGraw-Hill
Small- Signal Equivalent Circuit wit h Small Signal Equivalent Circuit wit h
Current Biasing and Nonlinear Load
) (
c o m v
r r g A =
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-24
McGraw-Hill
dc AND ac Load Lines: dc AND ac Load Lines:
R
E
and Emit t er Bypass Capacit or
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-25
McGraw-Hill
Problem- Solving Technique: g q
Maximum Symmet rical Swing
1. Writ e dc load line equat ion t hat relat es I
CQ
and V
CEQ
.
2 W it l d li t i t h t l t i 2. Writ e ac load line equat ions t hat relat es ic
and vce
3 I n general i = I I ( min) where I ( min) 3. I n general, i
c
= I
CQ
I
C
( min) , where I
C
( min)
is zero or ot her minimum collect or current .
4 I n general v = V V ( min) where 4. I n general, v
ce
= V
CEQ
V
CE
( min) , where
V
CE
( min) is some specified minimum
collect or- emit t er volt age. g
5. Combine above 4 equat ions t o find opt imum
I
CQ
and V
CEQ
.
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-26
McGraw-Hill
Common- Collect or Common Collect or
or Emit t er- Follower Amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-27
McGraw-Hill
Small- Signal Equivalent Circuit : Small Signal Equivalent Circuit :
Emit t er Follower
) )( 1 (
2 1
ib
i
E o ib
R R R R
R r r R
=
+ + = |
t
) (
) )( 1 (
) )( 1 (
S i
i
E o
E o
v
ib
R R
R
R r r
R r
A
+ + +
+
=
|
|
t
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-28
McGraw-Hill
) )( (
S i E o
|
t
Out put Resist ance: Out put Resist ance:
Emit t er Follower
o E o
r R
r
R
t
=
o E o
| + 1
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-29
McGraw-Hill
Common- Base Amplifier Common Base Amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-30
McGraw-Hill
Small- Signal Equivalent Circuit : Small Signal Equivalent Circuit :
Common Base
) (
L C m v
R R g A =
]
1
)[ (
E
L C
C
m i
R
r
R R
R
g A
|
t
+ +
=
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-31
McGraw-Hill
I nput Resist ance: I nput Resist ance:
Common Base
R / ( 1 ) R
ie
= r
t
/ ( 1+ |)
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-32
McGraw-Hill
Out put Resist ance: Out put Resist ance:
Common Base
R = R R
O
= R
C
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-33
McGraw-Hill
Common Emit t er Cascade Amplifier Common Emit t er Cascade Amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-34
McGraw-Hill
Small- Signal Equivalent Circuit : Small Signal Equivalent Circuit :
Cascade Amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-35
McGraw-Hill
Darlingt on Pair Darlingt on Pair
2 1
| | ~
i
A
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-36
McGraw-Hill
Cascode Amplifier Cascode Amplifier
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-37
McGraw-Hill
Small- Signal Equivalent Circuit : Small Signal Equivalent Circuit :
Cascode Amplifier
) (
1 L C m v
R R g A ~
Neamen Microelectronics, 4e Chapter 6-38
McGraw-Hill