Xc nh danh php hp cht hu c

DANH PHP HP CHT HU C

I. Kin thc trng tm 1. Phn loi danh php: + Tn thng thng + Tn gc - chc. + Tn thay th. Tn gc - chc v thay th thuc tn h thng 2. Nh tn mch cacbon chnh met / et / prop / but / pen / hex / hep / oct / non / dec 3. Tn mt s gc in hnh CH3 : metyl C2H5 : etyl CH3-CH2-CH2 : propyl (CH3)2CH: isopropyl C6H5: phenyl C6H5CH2: benzyl CH2=CH: vinyl CH2=CH-CH2: anlyl 4. Tn mt s chc an, en, in, ol, al, an, oic, amin II. Phng php gi tn cc hp cht. 1. Cch gi tn thay th : Tn phn th (km s ch v tr) Tn mch chnh Tn phn chc (km s ch v tr)

2. Cch chn mch chnh v nh s : - C nhm chc - di nht - cha nhiu nhnh. - nh s u tin : chc - nhnh sao cho tng s ch mch nhnh l nh nht - Chn mch chnh : l mch cacbon di nht v cha nhiu nhm chc hoc cha lin kit C=C hoc C=C - nh s trn mch chnh t : ( u tin theo th t) cc bon ca nhm chc ( nu nhm chc c cacbon)====> u gn pha lin kt C=C hay C C ====> u gn nhnh( nu khng c nhm chc v khng c lin kt C=C;v C=C. - Gi tn theo trt t sau [s + tn nhnh + t gc + s + vn cui ] S : s ch ca v tr nhnh Tn nhnh : tn g c hidrocacbon ; cc nhnh thng dng : -- CH3 : Metyl ; --CH2CH3 : Etyl ; --CH2CH2CH3 :Propyl Dng di,tri,tetra... cho 2,3,4.... nhnh gi ng nhau. Truonghocso.com Page 1

Xc nh danh php hp cht hu c

Nu nhiu nhnh gi ng nhau th tn nhnh no c mu t u ng trc trong dy A,B,C.... th u tin c trc T gc : ng v i s l ng cacbon ca mch chnh Met (1C) Et (2C) Prop (3C) But (4C) Pent (5C) Hex (6C)

Hept (7C) Oct (8C) Non (9C) Dec (10C) 3. Cch xc nh nhanh tn gc - chc hay tn thay th ng: - Gc chc : + Thng c ui : yl, ic + Cc tn gc v chc vit cch nhau. - Tn thay th : + Thng c ui an, al, ol, oic ... v c cc s ch. + Cc tn thnh phn c vit lin nhau. Vd: Tn gc - chc Tn thay th CH3Cl : metyl clorua clometan CH2=CH-CH2-Cl anlyl clorua 2-clopropen CH3CHClCH3 isopropyl clorua 2-clopropan CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH isobutylic 2-metylpropanol Ch : nu mch vng th thm XICLO c trc t g c ch s C ca vng. o Gia s v ch c gch n i (-) o Nhm OH trong hp cht hu c nu khng c nhm chc khc th c l OL, nhng nu c nhiu chc th c l: Hidroxi. o Nu cc nhnh khc lo i th c theo th t : Halogen, nitr, amin, ankyl......

VD: 4. Cch gi tn amin : - Lun c vit lin nhau. - Tn thay th : + Chn mch chnh di nht c cha N. + Nu phn th lin kt vi N th c N- trc tn gc. Vd : CH3NH2 metylamin metanamin CH3NHCH2CH3 etylmetylamin N-metyletan-1-amin CH3-CH(NH2)-CH3 isopropylamin propan-2-amin

Truonghocso.com

Page 2

Xc nh danh php hp cht hu c

5. AREN a) nh s trn nhn : t nhnh n gin nht( hay hp v i nhn ben zen m t cch thng dng) , nh s sao cho cc s ph i l nh nht. b) Cch gi tn : S + V TR NHNH + TN NHNH + BENZEN (hay tn AREN thng d ng) III) Cch c tn theo gc chc : a) Mt s gc thng gp:

gc iso propyl

Tert-butyl

Sec-butyl b) Gc khng no: CH2=CH- : vinyl

Neo-pentyl

; CH2=CH-CH2-- : Alyl ; CH3CH=CH- : Propenyl

iso-propenyl; CH CH: axetilen c) Gc thm C6H5- : Phenyl Mt s v d: C6H5-CH2-CH3 : Etyl bezen Ch : i vi ancol c theo cng thc : [ ancol + Tn gc +ic ] V d : CH3-OH: ancol metylic; C6H5-CH2-OH: Ancol benzylic i vi axit khng c tn gc chc tn s c c theo lch s gn lin i vi andehit c theo cng thc : [ andehit + tn axit c mch C tng ng ] gi tn ete ( RO R) v xeton (RCOR) Theo cng thc : [ tn R,R+ete hoc xeton ] g i tn este ( RCOOR ) Theo cng thc : [ tn gc ( R-- ) ca ru + tn gc ( RCOO--) ca axit h u c ( i ui ic thnh ui AT) ] ; CH3-C C-CH2-CH3 : ( Etyl metyl axetilen ) ; C6H5CH2-- : Benzyl ; CH3C6H4--: p-tolyl

Truonghocso.com

Page 3

Xc nh danh php hp cht hu c

BI TP DANH PHP HP CHT HU C Phn I :
1 . c tn cc hp cht sau : a) O = CH-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH=CH-CH=O : b) CH3-(CH2)-COOH : ( tn thng thng axit caproic): c) CH3-CH(OH)-COOH: d) HCOOH :( tn thng thng axit fomic): e) CH2=CH2-COOH :( tn thng thng axit acrylic): f) CH2=C(CH3)-COOH: ( tn thng thng axit metaacrylic): g) CH2(OH)-CHO: h) HOOC-COOH: tn thng thng (axit oxalic ): i) CH3-C(=O)-CH3: j) CH2(-OH)-CH2(OH)-CH2(OH): (glixerol) : k) CH3-CH(OH)-CH(CH3)-COOH:

Phn II: trc nghim

Cu 1. Ankan X c cng thc cu to : Tn gi ca X l A. 2isopropylbutan C. 2,3imetylpentan A. 3,4imetylpent1en B. 3isopropylbutan D. 3,4imetylpentan B. 2,3imetylpent4en

Cu 2 : Hp cht CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH=CH2 c tn gi l C. 3,4imetylpent2en D. 2,3imetylpent1en Cu 3 : Trng hp no sau y c cng thc cu to khng ng vi tn gi cho ?
CH3CHCH2CH2CH3 CH3 Isopentan CH3 CH3CHCH3 CH3 neopentan CH2CH3 CH3CHCHCH2CH3 CH3 3-etyl-2-metylpentan CH3 CH3CH2CHCH2CH3 CH3 3,3-ietylpentan

A.

B.

C.

D.

Cu 4 : Hp cht hu c X c cng thc C4H9Br. un hn hp g m X, KOH v ancol etylic thy ch to ra but1en. Tn gi ca X l A. 1brombutan B. 2brombutan C. 1brom2metylpropan D. 2brom2metylpropan Truonghocso.com Page 4

Xc nh danh php hp cht hu c

Cu 5 : Hp cht hu c X c cng thc cu to : CH2=CHOCOCH3. Tn gi ca X l A. metyl acrylat B. vinyl axetat C. vinyl fomat D. anlyl fomat Cu 6 : Amin (CH3)2CH-NH-CH3 c tn gi l A. N-metylpropan-2-amin B. N-metylisopropylamin C. metylpropylamin D. N-metyl-2-metyletanamin Cu 7 : Amin CH3-NH-C2H5 c tn gi gc - chc l A. propan-2-amin B. etyl metyl amin C. metyletylamin D. etylmetylamin Cu 8 : Tn gi no sau y khng ng vi cht c cng thc CH3CH(NH2)COOH? A. axit 2-aminopropanoic B. axit -aminopropionic C. axit -aminopropanoic D. alanin Cu 9 : Tn thay th ca cht c cu to CH3CHClCH3 l A. 2-clopropan B. propyl clorua C. propylclorua D. 2-clo propan Cu 1 0 : Tn gi ca C6H5-NH-CH3 l A. metylphenylamin. B. N-metylanilin. C. N-metylbenzenamin. D. c A, B, C u ng. Cu 11 : Tn gi ca cht CH3 CH CH CH3 l C2H5 CH3 A. 2-etyl-3-metylbutan. C. 2,3-imetylpentan.
C2H5 |

B. 3-etyl-2-metylbutan. D. 2,3-imetylbutan.

Cu 12 : Tn gi ca cht hu c X c CTCT :

CH3 C CH2 CH CH2 CH3 | | CH3 CH3

L : A. 2-metyl-2,4-ietylhexan B. 2,4-ietyl-2-metylhexan A. CH2 = C = CH-CH3 C. CH2-CH-CH2 -CH = CH2 C. 5-etyl-3,3-imetylheptan D. 3-etyl-5,5-imetylheptan B. CH2 = CH-CH = CH2 D. CH2 = CH - CH = CH - CH3

Cu 13 : Trong cc cht di y, cht no c gi tn l ivinyl ?

CH3 | Cu 14 : Cht CH 3 C C CH c tn l g ? | CH 3
A. 2,2-imetylbut-1-in C. 3,3-imeylbut-1-in Truonghocso.com B. 2,2-imeylbut-3-in D. 3,3-imeylbut-2-in Page 5

Xc nh danh php hp cht hu c

Cu 15 : Cht

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

c tn gi l ?
CH3 CH2 CH3

A. 1-butyl-3-metyl-4-etylbenzen. C. 1-etyl-2-metyl-4-butylbenzen.

B. 1-butyl-4-etyl-3-metylbenzen. D. 4-butyl-1-etyl-2-metylbenzen.

Cu 16 : Cht CH3 CH CH2 COOH c tn l : | CH3 A. Axit 2-metylpropanoic C. Axit 3-metylbuta-1-oic B. Axit 2-metylbutanoic D. Axit 3-metylbutanoic.

Cu 17 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php thay th ?

OHC -CH2 - CH -CH2 - CH = CH - CHO | CH3

A. 5-metylhep-2-en-1,7-dial C. 3-metylhep-5-en-1,7-dial B. iso-octen-5-dial D. iso-octen-2-dial

Cu 18 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php thay th :

CH3 - CH CH2 - CH - COOH | | C2H5 C2H5

A. 2,4-ietylpentanoic C. 2-etyl-4-metylhexanoic B. 2-metyl-4-etylhexanoic D. 4-metyl-2-etylhexanoic

Cu 19 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php gc chc.

CH3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N CH 2 CH3 | CH3

A. Etylmetylaminobutan B. etylmetylbutylamin C. butyletylmetylamin D. metyletylbutylamin

Cu 20 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php thng thng :

A. 1-amino-3-metyl benzen. Truonghocso.com

C. m-toludin. Page 6

Xc nh danh php hp cht hu c

B. m-metylanilin. D. C B, C.

P N BI TP CNG THC CU TO V DANH PHP HP CHT HU C

1C. 12C.

2A 13B

3A 14C

4A 15C

5B 16D

6A 17A

7D 18C

8C 19C

9A 20D

10D

11C

Truonghocso.com

Page 7