Ain Shams University

Faculty of Engineering

Continuous Casting

March 2008
 Continuous casting
Continuous casting is a casting method in which the steps of pouring,
solidification and withdrawal (extraction) of the casting from an
open end mold are carried out continuously.

Cross-sectional dimensions of a continuous casting are constant along

the casting length and they are determined only by the dimensions of
the mold cavity.

The length of a continuous casting is limited by the life time of the

mold.

Continuous casting technology is used for both ferrous and non-

ferrous alloys.

Depending on the mold position (vertical or horizontal) continuous

casting machines may be vertical or horizontal.

Vertical continuous casting

Steels are commonly cast in vertical continuous casting machines.

Molten metal is continuously supplied from the ladle to the
intermediate ladle (tundish) from which it is continuously poured
into the mold at a controllable rate keeping the melt level at a
constant position.

The water-cooled copper mold (primary cooling zone) extracts the

heat of the metal causing its solidification. The mold oscillates in
order to prevent sticking with the casting.

When the casting goes out from the mold it is cooled in the secondary
cooling zone by water (or water with air) sprayed on the casting
surface.

Most of vertical continuous casting machines are equipped with

strand guide units bending the casting and changing its configuration
from vertical to horizontal.

The casting is continuously extracted from the mold by the

withdrawal unit followed by a cut-off unit.

The casting process begins from inserting a dummy (primary) bar

into the mold.

Then a molten metal is poured into the mold where it solidifies and
grips the end of the dummy bar.

The dummy bar is disconnected from the casting after passing the
withdrawal unit.

Horizontal continuous casting

Horizontal continuous casting machine is generally used for casting
non-ferrous alloys.

In horizontal casting machines graphite water-cooled molds are used.

Due to the water cooling (primary and secondary) solidification rate

provided by continuous casting is higher than in other casting
methods therefore continuous castings have more uniform and finer
grain structure and enhanced mechanical properties.