Th Wi The Wireless l Evolution E l i

Telegraph to Smartphone to Future Wireless Species

VTC Fall 2011

Matt Grob
EVP & Chief Technology Officer

DATA

VOICE

INFRASTRUCTURE

WHERE HAVE WE BEEN AND WHERE ARE WE GOING

PEER-TOPEER

MULTICAST

UNICAST

Peer-to-Peer

Data Voice

Unicast Multicast

Infrastructure gave:
Longer range Lower power devices

Not yet considered

Data Mining Services Platform Backward Backward and Forward Compatibility

Peer-to-Peer

Unicast/Infra

Increasing Versatility

THENSUDDENLY

Data Traffic Growth

MOBILE DATA TRAFFIC GREW

AND IS PROJECTED TO GROW

IN 2010

FROM 20102015

Source: Strategy Analytics, March 2011.

Data Consumption Driven by Smartphones and Tablet Era

RICH MESSAGING MESSAGING VOICE MEDIA CONSUMPTION AND COMPUTING

Mobile Demand Outpacing Supply

WORLDWIDE MOBILE RICH-MEDIA DEMAND GROWTH

92% CAGR 20102015

7,000
1.5% 4.7% 6 1% 6.1%

Petabytes pe er Month

20.9%

3,500

Mobile VoIP Mobile Gaming

66.4%

Mobile M2M Mobile P2P Mobile Web/Data Mobile Video

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

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Source: Cisco VNI Mobile, 2011

Now What? (For ~1-5GHz 1-5GHz WAN/LAN)

WE ARE APPROACHING A NEW ERA OF VERSATILE SYSTEMSAKIN TO A TWO-PARTY SYSTEM

3G

4G

802 11 FAMILY 802.11

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Challenges of Versatile Technology

MULTICAST UNICAST PEER-TO-PEER INFRA VOICE AND DATA Generate

One T h l Technology? ?

More capacity

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Historical Perspective
BROADCAST IS FUNDAMENTAL TO COMMUNICATIONS
Satellite TV Broadcast 1980s TV Broadcast 1920s Radio Broadcast Peter Eccersley 1919 Wireless Telegraph Marconi 1897 Smoke Signals Prehistory Cellular MBMS, BCMCS, eMBMS

MOBILE BROADCAST

Satellite Satellite DCB-S/H, S-DMB Terrestrial DVB-H, , ISDB-T (One-Seg), FLO, T-DMB, ATSC-M/H, CMMB Cellular C ll l 2G, 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi

Survival

Essential Information

Information/ Entertainment

Entertainment/ Information

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LTE Multicast (eMBMS)

Offloads popular content from unicast transmission Flexible capacity sharing between LTE unicast and broadcast eMBMS benefits from SFN gain
MBSFN Area
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Base Stations Synchronously Transmitting Data

Delivery Tailored by Content

Conten nt Consumption
LIVE TV PUSH VOD AND CONTENT OTHER ON-DEMAND: LONG TAIL

Live TV Content Delivery U User E Experience i

Sports news Sports, news, events Broadcast Li Live, hi high-quality, h li now

Personalized Push VoD and Content

Clips, shows, archived content Broadcast User defines what content is desired for on-demand

On-Demand Long Tail

Other complimentary y content 3G/4G/Wi-Fi User searches for specific content

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LTE Flexibly Supports Both Unicast and Multicasta Trend?

OFF PEAK PEAK PRIME TIME

Total Network Capacity E Media Catch-Up TV Application updates Story Updates Trending Clips New Shows Live Sports

Story Updates Trending Clips Breaking News

12AM5AM

5AM6PM

6PM12AM

Multicast Cache Casting

Live Multicast Streaming

Unicast

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Multicast Challenges

DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ALLOCATION

BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY

SFN BOUNDARIES

CHANNEL SUPERVISION AND ALGORITHMS

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How Efficient is LTE Multicast Relative to Unicast?

5 Dense Urban-Unicast Urban Unicast Urban-Unicast Suburban-Unicast 4 Rural-Unicast Dense Urban-Broadcast Urban-Broadcast 3 Suburban-Broadcast Rural-Broadcast Rural Broadcast

USERS S/SECTOR

1 0 10 20 30 40

THROUGHPUT Mbps
Source: Qualcomm Simulation and Analysis
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Number of Users per Cell

COUNTING IS A DEFINED MECHANISM IN RELEASE 10 -> How to determine how many y listeners there may y be Challenges
Accuracy Counting UEs in both idle d connected t d state? t t ? and Rel10 only counts connected How to count all releases of UEs? (Backward compatibility when a new mechanism is introduced ) in later release)

Proposals
Query UEs from RAN Backend counting through registration i t ti and d tracking t ki area update information Combinations

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eMBMS for High Attach Rate Events

P-GW

High Attach Rate Detection M d l (HDM) Module

DASH Server

UE DASH Client eNB Broadcast Service Layer y MCE MME MBMS-GW BM-SC DASH Proxy

Unicast DASH Segments Broadcast DASH Segments

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Small Cells

1000x More Network Demand

SMALL CELLS PROVIDE REAL GAINS IN BEARER CAPACITY MORE SPECTRUM MORE BASE STATIONS

F3

F2

F1

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Self Organizing Networks for Small Cells: UltraSON

Tx Power Calibration Suite
Network Listen-Based Tx Power Calibration (NLPC) Mobile Assisted Range Tuning (MART) Guest Mobile Protection (GUMP)

UL Interference Management Suite

Controlled Limit on UE Power (CLIP) Macro Aware Rise Setting (MARS) Rx Diversity

Mobility y Management Suite

Idle Model Femtocell Discovery Active Hand-In Mobile Assisted Self Configuration (MASC) Tx Diversity

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Source: www.qualcomm/com/research/femtocells.

Femtocells Require Innovative Interference and Mobility Management

FOR RESTRICTED ACCESS/LARGE SCALE OPEN ACCESS DEPLOYMENTS MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
Femto Discovery yBeacon Reliable HandoffBeacon Assist

INTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT
INTERFERENCE TO MACRO OR OTHER FEMTOS

Femtos Typically Share Macro Spectrum Femto User

SET OPTIMAL COVERAGE

Unplanned Femto Deployment

INTERFERENCE MORE SEVERE WITH RESTRICTED ACCESS

Macro User

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Guest Mobile Protection (GUMP) Protects Nearby Nearby Active Active Mobiles

GUMP Protects Macro User

Guest Macro User

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Controlled Limit on Power (CLIP) Protects Macro UL from Femto UE Interference

CLIP Protects Macro UL

Femto User

Macro User

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CLIP: Over-the-Air Test Setup

FEMTOCELL FUE IN HSUPA DATA CALL

Macro NB

MUE1 IN DATA CALL MUE2 IN VOICE CALL

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Evolution: Femtocells to Femto Networks

RESIDENTIAL

SMALL ENTERPRISE

LARGER SCALE ENTERPRISE/RESIDENTIAL

Initially: y Indoor Hot-Spots p

Deployed by userunplanned Supports restricted access Users broadband connection Scalable Femto network architecture
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Next: Denser Indoor and Even E Outdoor O td Deployments D l t

FEMTOCELLS USED AS TRADITIONAL PICOCELLS
Also deployed by operator More enterprise and open access Inter-Femto service continuity (soft HO) Interference coordination

Wi-Fi Complements Femtocells

Wi-Fi Hot-Spots
Hot-Spot Offload Pico/Femto Pico/Femto

Wi-Fi Hot-Spots
Pico/Femto

Macrocell Tower

Heterogeneous g Networks(HetNets) ( )
With Picocells/Open Femtocells

Femtocell

Femto: 3G Ubiquity, QoS Voice and Data Wi-Fi: Wi Fi: Hotspot, Best Effort Data Offload

At Home
Typically Restricted Access Femtocell and Wi-Fi

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White Space

TV White Space Devices

In the USA the FCC has specified two classes of TV white space devices
PERMISSABLE TV CHANNELS
TV Channel
2 56 713 1420 2135 36 38 3951

FIXED PERSONAL/PORTABLE

Frequency Band
VHF VHF VHF UHF UHF UHF UHF UHF

Frequency (MHz)
54 60 5460 7688 174216 470512 512602 602608 614620 620698

Allowed Devices
Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed and Portable Portable Portable Fixed and Portable

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TV White Space Devices

FIXED DEVICES USE OUTDOOR ANTENNAS CLASSES OF PORTABLE DEVICES
Mode I: Client Mode II: Access Point

PERMITTED TX POWER
Fixed: 30 dBm with up t 6 dBi antenna to t gain i Portable: 20 dBm with no antenna gain

CHANNELS ADJACENT TO TV BROADCASTS CHANNELS

Fixed: Not permitted Portable: Reduce TX power to 16 dBm

STRICT OUT-OFBAND EMISSIONS

INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE MECHANISMS (EITHER/OR)

Geo-location with database access Spectrum sensing

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Case Study: TV White Space Availability

GOOGLE EARTH COLOR CODING FOR TVWS CELLULAR CAPACITY OFFLOAD
Performance
Good (Green) Fair (Yellow) Bad (Red)

Capacity Gain
> 50% 20%50% < 20%

Number of Fixed Channels

3 2 1

GOOGLE EARTH COLOR CODING FOR TVWS FEMTO

Performance
Good (Green) Fair (Yellow) Bad (Red)

Outage Probability
2% 2%5% > 5%

Number of Portable Channels

4 3 2

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White Space Availability (California)

FEMTO CAPACITY OFFLOAD

Source: FCC
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Peer to Peer

eNB

eNB

USER ENDPOINTS

USER ENDPOINTS

WAN Communications

Peer-to-Peer Discovery

Peer-to-Peer Communications

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Are We Now Asteroid Proof?

THE NEWEST EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS UNICAST BROADCAST VOICE, DATA, AND EVEN PEER-TO-PEER

SCALABILITY SC
(mix big/large stations)

LICENSED/ C S / UNLICENSED BAND OPERATION AND INTER-OPERATION

LIMITS S FOR O MODEM/LINK PERFORMANCE

PROTECTED SPECIES SPECIES. SAFE FROM EXTINCTION. EXTINCTION

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Duarte-consider background treatment

Duarte-consider background treatment

DONT DON T COUNT ON IT

PROTECTED SPECIES. SAFE FROM EXTINCTION.

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AR Video

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