TITLE: STUDY OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURES

OBJECT: - To study the properties of various types of crystal lattices and different planes within the crystal

Name of crystal

Crystal Structure

Effective no. of atoms in unit cell

Effective vol. of atoms in unit cell (VA)

Volume of unit cell (V)

Radius of an atom in terms of a

Packing Efficiency (VA/V)x100

Simple Cubic Body Centered cubic

52

68

Face Centered Cubic Hexagonal Closed Packing

74

74

Model and Miller Indices

Crystal Structures (Simple cubic with planar)

Effective no. of atoms in the planes ( N )

Area occupied by atoms in the plane (A)

Area of the plane (A)

Effective no. of atoms per unit area of plane (N/A)

Planar Density

No.CP1 (100)

0.785

No.CP2 (110)

0.555

No.CP3 (111)

Effective no. of atoms in the planes ( N )
For ABCD and EFGH

0.453

Model and Miller Indices

Crystal Structures (FCC with planes)

Area occupied by atoms in the plane (A)

r atomic radius

Area of the plane (A)

Effective no. of atoms per unit planar area (N/A)

Planar Density

No.CP4 (100)

For PQRS

0.785

For ABCD and EFGH

r atomic radius

0.565

No.CP5 (110)

For PQRS

r atomic radius

No.CP6 (111)

0.906

Model and Miller Indices

Crystal Structures (BCC with planes)

Effective no. of atoms in the planes ( N )

Area occupied by atoms in the plane (A)

r atomic radius

Area of the plane (A)

Effective no. of atoms per unit planar area (N/A)

Planar Density

No.CP7 (100)

For ABCD and EFGH

= 0.589
For PQRS
r atomic radius

=0.832 0 0.34 0.45

No.CP8 (110)

For ABCDABC

r atomic radius

0 No.CP9 (111)
For DEF & DEF

For BHIJKL

STUDY OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF VARIOUS COMPUNDS

Crystal Structure

Description of Crystal

Sodium Chloride ( NaCl )

The crystals consists of unit cells having Clions at the corners and face centre and Na+ ions at the octahedral voids + Lattice: FCC Basis: of 2 different types of atoms

Cesium Chloride ( CsCl )

A unit cells having Cs+ ions at the body centre and Cl- ions at the corners of the cube + Lattice: Simple Cubic Basis: of 2 atoms of 2 kinds

Tungsten Oxide( WO3 )

A unit cells consists of Tungsten atoms at each corner and an Oxygen atom at each edge centre. + Lattice: Simple Cubic Basis: of 4 atoms of 2 kinds

Wurtzite Structure
A unit cell consists of zinc and iron atoms and sulphide ions. Lattice: HCP arranged in alternative pattern Basis: of 2 atoms of 2 kind

DISCUSSIONS

1. Among the various crystal structures the maximum packing efficiency is

found in FCC and HCP, i.e. 0.74.

2. In presentation of crystal structures of compounds such as NaCl, the atoms

in the corner (Na+) may be replaced with other kinds of atoms (Cl-) also, without hampering the actual crystal structure.