Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
What is KR?
2
Representation and Mapping
3
Representation and Mapping
reasoning
programs
Internal
Facts
Representations
English English
understanding generation
English
Representations
4
Representation and Mapping
forward backward
representation representation
mapping mapping
Internal Internal
representations representations
of initial facts operation of final facts
of program
5
Representation and Mapping
• Spot is a dog
• Spot is a dog
dog(Spot)
hastail(Spot)
Spot has a tail
7
Representation and Mapping
8
Representation and Mapping
9
Representation and Mapping
10
Representation and Mapping
Good representation:
• Representational adequacy
• Inferential adequacy
• Inferential efficiency
• Acquisitional efficiency
11
Approaches to KR
12
Approaches to KR
Inheritable knowledge:
• Objects are organized into classes and classes are
organized in a generalization hierarchy.
• Inheritance is a powerful form of inference, but not
adequate.
13
Approaches to KR
Inferential knowledge:
• Facts represented in a logical form, which facilitates
reasoning.
• An inference engine is required.
14
Approaches to KR
Procedural knowledge:
• Representation of “how to make it” rather than “what
it is”.
• May have inferential efficiency, but no inferential
adequacy and acquisitional efficiency.
15
Approaches to KR
16
Homework
Reading
R. Davis, H. Schrobe, P. Szolovits (1993): “What is a knowledge
representation?”
17