Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Alroya Newspaper 02-04-2013
Alroya Newspaper 02-04-2013
issue No (965)
18 ........................
07 ........................
jDhQ .. IG
U 24
jdG FQ dG jG
:`fh``dG ``j`dG
info@alroya.info
FdG M
www.alroya.info
dGh ad jDhdG SDe Y QJ eT jObG ej
dG d T bH
``fGjEG ``FdG ``e
fdG - e
S H SHb dG dG MU IM J
ea e HGL T bH ` ``YQh G M ` G
jQG FQ O`` ```MCG O QcdG FdG
d `````G ```d``L ```b``H ```Y kGOQ ``` fG``jEG ```e```SEG
Y a ``YCG ,(RhdG Y) IjG fGjEG dH
e J ``eh ```d``L J d RG``` YGh ````T
H eG bdG jJ Y Gk `cD`e ;W Ye
qdG Q``a``e d q ` Lh q `Y Q```dG k FS jdG
.adGh ANdG GhO dG dh IOdGh
Yd z
{ M TJ
G AKdG ..eSEG adH
fdG S jDhdG
LOdG QS ``H O```M IO````S ```q `T``j
U dG cG d dG FdG
M 2013/4/9 ``aG``G ````G A``K```dG ``j
,eSEG adH Yd zjDhdG{ IjL
jdG Jh ,TCG KK I J dG
dG ``e h````d``H ,``Y````G ```d````dG ``e
aGfh dG RHCG cQh ,dG cG
.q eSEG adG
11
jh .. eG e dG dBG be Lj ziQdG{
zG H{ VGQCG jJ M zSEG{ OQ Y
e H dG dBG M AYCG
dG OS -jDhdG
LG Ff AV eG fG
Y dG AGQR``dG e G be ```eCG iQ````dG C` `LQCG
.VG jGa 26 IOdG ````UCG ``e ``e```G ``d```S``dG
21
fdG - e
jDhdG e
dG eL YG
ddG YLG ```eCG SHb
H jhGQ IQcdG e SFH
dG I``jRh jSdG OS
H ``S``H``b dG ``d``G MU IM
g VhCGh .-YQh G M -G S
CG dG SGQdG IFGO je cREG M H
GQcdGh Ld eG OY LEG
HG G``` ` ` ` G ``` ` L ``` a``` ` ` e `` e
GY dG ```` ,``ek ````e (416)``` H
jDhdG e
dG IQGR``H dG ```SGQ``dG CG``H
H W Ra GAGLEG KEG eCG dG
`dG h```` ```d```dG ```a``dG - dG ``` SQG``dG
e eS LH A``L dG H (1000)
cdG -UGY
SG jdG G```dG CG``H
G W H jQdG IjG T
GjdG ``X ,I``J``` G `````G
AGREG ``j ```H gQJ ```dG dG
`` ` `SQEG `` dP ``Y``` Sh ,`` ` `S ``` JQ``L
RGW e Je GFW IG jdG
dG SH ahG 22-EG S
EG ``` ` ` f``d ,``` H``` G `` jQ`` c EG
GdG cCJ EG J jY GQhe
LGe ``` S ``Y ``a``d``H ``` j``eCG
fL `` e I``Y``` ` ` e G``j``` J ``` ` M
jdG IOdG dbh .ddG jQc
qCG H HG jQc jeCG
``` dG ``e````G G``F``` dG `` g
HdG e SQCG gUQ QGOGdG IL
IYdG `` gh `` j`` G `` ` `ShCG I``Y``` d
dG jDhdG
:e c jRGdG fG e MG L M c
id IG ``jO``G ``jRG``dG jQL IS IO````S
LQG ``b```dG ``jRh ``F``f dG IO````Sh ,dG
FQ dG IO````Sh jQdG bJh h````dGh ad
jQG FQ Ff HdG SeHdG hDdG
bdG IQGR``H ```ShCG dG IQGOEG Y hDG ``jR``dGh
QG `` `jR`` `dGh `` ` `SG`` G ``` ` FQ `` `jR`` `dGh `` ` `LQ`` G
dG ``Y````Gh ``jQ````G FQ Fd SeHdG
jRGdG IQH hCG JdGh jQG FQ Fd
.oY S
.G d ANdGh AdG
e :e c dG fG e MG L M
jRh QcdG eh ,LQG hDdG Y hDG jRdG
VjdG hD```dG ``jRh dG ```eh YdGh IQdG
H FQ) dG IhdGh YGQdG jRh QcdG eh
dG ``eCG dG eh (dG aGG dG
Ff dG eCG Ye qdG Sh .AGQRdG
FQ IOSh AGQR``dG hDd AGQR``dG FQ
S Q``` c``dG IO``` ` Sh ```Y ``Y````Uh IQ`` ``a``Z IQGOEG
.jOG jRGdG jQL id G dG
fdG - e
dG H SdG MG L eCG U Y
e AGQRdG jOG jRGdG jQLh
H a qdG dG MU dG fG SCGJ bh .
,AGQRdG hDd AGQRdG FQ Ff S BG Ofi
jQL FQ Ff eJ e e jRGdG fGh
a dG dG MU SG M ..jOG jRGdG
dG ``` ```M``d``H ````LG S BG O```fi ``H
aH eJ e e O```TCG ``bh . ``d ``aG``G ``a``dGh
fdG - e
MCG SG IOS dG eM Y Hf
YdGh IQdG IQGRh ch jdG M H
fG ``Y ````bh a ,``Y`````dGh IQ`````d
id IG jRGdG IS IOS jRGdG
jRGdG jQLh dG eM bh
,dG b H ,```eCG Ae ,``jO``G
G hdH J gJ Gce K
`` dPh ;``` V``j`` dGh O``` ` ` bGh ``` S``` ` ` dG
FQ ``F``f ``e``J ``````e ``` e Q``` ` ` H
Qh`` j `` ` dG `` `jO`` `G `` `jRG`` `dG ``jQ``` ` L
.k dM dG
SdG QhdH hCG I``c``G Jh
Jh ,``j``` ` dG ``` LQ``G `` ` JQGRh ``H
jdG ``H ```S`````dG Qh`````dG `````J EG
egGh FdG bdH j a
.v dhOh v bEG G jdG cG
IOS dG eM Y Hf IcG bhh
LQG IQGRh ch KQG Sj H MCG
fG Y bh a ,SeHdG hDd
QNCG
Y H Sj e ``cCG ,L eh
CG ,LQG hDdG Y hDG jRdG
dG ``H gJ I``c``e Y bdG
H ``c````e ``` `````SC`Jh ,`` jRG`` dGh
LQG ```S`````dG ``e ``o ``j ,``j````dG
,jdG GdG e JbY d
GY H Y H Sj e dG
,LQG hD` ` ` dG ``Y hD` ` ` G ``jR``dG
FQ ``F``f ``e``J ``````e ``` e ,``` eCG
Qhj ``dG ,``jO``G ``jRG``dG jQL
H A``` ` dG `` N h .``k ` d``M ```````dG
,jdG jdG H FdG bdG
,G ac gjJh YO Sh
H ``` c ..O``` ` ` bG ``f``G `````S
GP dhdGh bEG jdG e jdG
Ff e O```TCG ``bh .G gG
I G SdH jRGdG FQ
S H SHb dG dG MU
dEG Uh eh -YQh G M- G
jRGdG ``jQ``` ` Lh ```````dG ``b``Y
de ``YCGh .G ac jOG
MJCG dGh ,dG IQjH JOS Y
FdG bdG YJh H Ua d
M dG Lh O```Jh ,fG H
fo dG - e
.jOG
YCG `` LQ ```` A``` ` fEG C` `H `` ` VCGh
H JCj G jRGdG odG
jQdG bd jdGh dG e mje
c ```YCG ``LQ H FdG jObGh
,nOG Q``````SG ``U``a ``jh``Jh ,``j``` ` dG
LCG e ;YCG LQ eCG GAGLEG Jh
cG ``VQ```G ``e``bEGh ,JGQSG ``e``bEG
bJG CG EG Gke ..jQdG OadG OJh
YCG Ld Uh M adG e S
.jdG c
jG M ```Y e ``b ,```f``L ``eh
QNCG
b j SHb dG eL
G OcCG d dWh k dW 3253
jDhdG - e
H jhGQ IQcdG e SFH ,d ddG LG ,eCG ,SHb dG eL Y
.G AYCG QHh ,dG dG IjRh jSdG OS
Gh ,(2013-2012) OcCG d d dG LG OYG LG N h
d dG Ld G GQGb J He jJ VGSG EG aVEG ,2013 jj 5 jQH
.LG dP IG GQGdG J CH PJG eh ,(2013-2012) OcCG
eGd ``O``cCG O````YG `` ```e``G ```H ``e``b ```dG O```G ```Y G ```WG ```c
Gk`cD`e ..``f``G G``g b dG MGd kMJQG G i``HCGh ,Jc d OcCG
dG gCd Gk f ;``O``cCG OYG Ve AdG Y dG H M Y f bdG
jJ Y SfGh ,dG b e MhG eGdG IOL OcCG OYG j
.G IAc GP LCG
de CH eG GQG``b J He e aG jdG G VSGh
M kY G NCG M ;e IbG cdH edGh HWh eG Xe
PJG dG dG e Ol Y a ;dG g de CH G e IG GQGdG J
bdG H EG dG dG ``e Y g H ,J CH ``eR``dG GAG`` LEG
.dH G Gh HG b e gd
d eH db bG dG OGYEG Fb OYG Y LG TG ,NCG L eh
G eGdG Y YRe dWh kdW 3253 gOY j jdGh ,(2014-2013) OcCG
.eG
fdG - e
H ```Y````SEG ``H ``` jQhO ```e QO``Z
hDdG Y hDG jRdG TdG Y
dhO EG k Le ,``` eCG ,O``` dG ,```d``G
`` SCGQ ``` Y ;I``` ` G ``` H``` dG GQ`` ` ` eEG
YLG Q dG o ah
dG ``` ` ` ` d `` c`` ` `` `G ``j``` ` ` dG
v J dGh ,HdG
hdG :e c
,YLGh ObG AEd HdG
HdG SDGh ,HdG dG hUh
HdG ``` ` Gh ,Q``` ` ` ` SG ``` ` ` d
dGh ,jaCG jObG d
jDhdG - e
,dG dG IQGR``H dG ```SGQ``dG CG``H
adG- dG SQGdG H W Ra GAGLEG ,eCG
LH A``L ```dGh ,H 1000`` dG h -ddG
SHb dG dG MU IM d e eS
da UGJ
dG jdG
zdG SCG{ dG
jDhdG - e
`` `` ` d`` `` ` a `` ` ` ` `UG`` ` ` ` `J
dG dG jdG
`` ` `dGh ,z`` `` ` ` ` dG `` ` ` ` `SCG{
fdG jdG j
bEG G fo dG
SQe e 30 e fo dG
jHCG e 10 Mh VG
OY `` cQ`` ` `` ` ,Q`` ` ` `G
jdG SCG b e
,`` ` `f`` ` `o ` `dG ``` f``` ` ` ` dG
S ae EG aVEG
dG H ```Yo
e O`` ` ` ` ` `Yh ,`` ` ` ` ` ` `o ` ` ` `dG
d ```H```dG G``F``` dG
.o dG dG G
M jeQ ,eCG ,sfh
M ;``j``L G`` `gCG ```Y
jdG ```d```a J
`` ` `` `` `` `` `dG `` ` `e Ol `` ` ` ` `Y
EG ``` J ``` dG ``j````dG
,fo dG ```` `G ``j``` M
IOjRh ,UdG aeh
YadGh ddG IAdG
Uh ,``cQ``` ` G ``a``` d
dG `` `` ``WCG GQ`` ` ` ` `e
IOdG UNOJh ,jdG IdGh
,d ``jO``` ` dG QGhOCG
`````H ``` ` a ``` ` ` ` ` dGh
.cG dG QWEG
Qc `` `e O`` ` `Y `` ` `` `Th
fdG jdG V
bH fL EG- fo dG
dG G`` ` b ``` ` ` SCG
k fL -i`` ` NCG ``````G
jdG G``g da ``e
Y `` `b`` `dGh ,``````dG
`` `` ` MG`` `e ```` `` `` `J `` ` ` ` `S
j `` ` ` h ,`` ` `` `` `` `G
ING jQdG GgCG
jdG J e X
`` ` `f`` ` `o ` `dG `` ` `f`` ` `` `` `` `dG
`` ` j`` ` h Q`` `` ` J `` ` e
`` ` ` `jQGOEG `` `` ` G `` a`` c
dGh dGh
`` `jo `` ` ;`` ` `` `jQ`` ` `dGh
`` ` `j`` ` `g`` ` `Gh IA`` ` `` ` ``` ` ``dG
J A``` V ``` d``` ` dG
WdG ```LG``dGh ```G
jdG ``J``Y Y IG
.fo dG fdG
dG S - e
dG /jJ
dG e MU ``dG Q````dGh dG dG
LCG e dG GQYG EG kGe ..VCG dG aGGh
kah DhfEG dGh ,FS jH cG dG AH
M ;jdG M J dG fCG e TJ dhO j
Ad eG e Y d edG IQGOEG J
ObG
FGdG jJ boj zG S{ IQGOEG
eCdGh ``dG Y``d ``G fG```dGh
QNCG
jDhdG - e
Y H S H j e SCGJ
g IQGOEG ````FQ ``H``G G
bdH ``` U``G ``jO``` ` ` bG `````G
d edG dG IQGOEG FQ
Gd IQGOEG hCG LG ,G
.2013 dG
beh VGSG LG s Jh
jH Gh G VGG e OY
S Yd G fGdGh FGdG
N ``` ` ` G ``V``` ` ` SG ``` c .2013 ,2013 ``` d `````dG ``H```` ``LQ``N d dG HG OYG LG e ```S````j `` ;``eC` ` dGh `` G `` `SCGQ
id GR``EGh GQGdG R``HCG YLG fh AGOCG jJ Y G ```WGh OUh ,2012 d ``G d edG dG JRaCG eh ,dG GG
.GjEGh Ud e cT jGa d dG GQhCd e S be J ```Y `````dG IQGOEG N h .HdG IdG N dG
zIG{ e d Qd ds G GeCG Y HbdGh ..SGh IdG SDG Y zJGhdG aQ{ QGb J LCJ be
UG ``M```G `` eCGh .d ```Y````LGh ``jO`````bG
edG fdG JGhd ``fOCG ``G ``aQ QG``b H
dG gCJh jQJ IQhV T a ,UG dH
UNG ```L b ``e ``JGh``dG IO`` jR ``e aG
dG aVEG dG ADd H ;eG dH
CGh S ,Y kY Gfj CG e k H ,UG d
UG dG edG fdG ``jQ``J
ddG GSG Y ``U``G dG ``e YSG j
LY ```dBG Vh k```jCG ``M```G ``g Th .I``aG``dG
dG dG b e UG dG e aO jd
LCJ GbG kjCG c .jdG ddG aJ d
SGh IdG SDG Y JGhdG aQ QGb J
IdG SDG J Ihf GQGb J AdG
.dG H SGh
Acd LG ie M e EG LG Jh
IY ``a``` VEG ```f```eEG ``e ,``L``J ```d `` MGh Q`` `````H
NG M ASH ;QdG dG f Wf
e je Vh IQhd dG c .G f
SQ `````dG ``M```U ````dG CG ``e ``cC```d ;``d````e
kjCG h .IG IQ````dG ``Y H ``fCGh ,```a dG
jJ ``` M``` d ``` U``N `` fG`` b ``` Vh IQh`` ` `V ``` ` b``` e
jQdG dG Hh ,keY SGh IdG SDG
SDG YO Y gCG e dd ;kUN
.d ``e``Gh dG ```Jh ,SGh IdG
,IG IQdG e d MG dBd dH ``eCG
eRdG fGdG G G Vh IQhV hJ a
IQdG Y dGh ,Qd dG G``eCG Y Hbd
G`` ` gCG ``` ` h ```S````j `` ;``` ` e `` `Gh ,I``` ` ` G
jDhdG - e
dG ``j ,SGh IdG SDG Y
FQ SFH ,oY YUh IQ aZ kYLG ,VG
,HdG H dN adG IQGOEG Yh ,dG
,UGh eG YdG e dG AYCG QHh
YdG SGh IdG SDG ASDhQ Hh
.dG W
b ``e ``M```G ``` dBG be ````LG ``N h
Ihf GQG``b d ;d HdG G dG a
S ````bCG ``` dGh ,z``` ` S``` Gh I`````dG ``` ` ` SD` G{
J dBH G MG be c ,dG
dH edG fdG JGhd ``fOCG G aQ QG``b
.UG
c`T
jDhdG e
Y k Jh .``e ``fG``L e fY
H eY QcdG U bJG ``g bJ
fd ``````dG ````F``dG ``SGh``dG ``V``Y
e ````cG```T ``Y ````f CG ``f``` ` ` jz: `k `F``b
cGdG - ```fh```dEG cT - eS
G `````d M ````b S ```dG
Y cdG FHR H jJ Sh
SJ Ie J M J EG dG
z.Jeh JLMG
fY CG EG z:`` e`` Y Q``` c``dG Q`` ` `TCGh
,ce ``FG``` T ``` ` k` e``` ` gG `` J
G dG cT R``HCG e cGTh
ad ``` f``` Y ``` N `` e ```````e `` JC` J
jDhQ ``N ``e c ``e``G ````aCG
I`` j`` L ``` ` ` e ``` T``` d `` ` `` `` `JG`` ` `SEG
TDG S Lh .2009 jO c f
YSCGh ```e```dG ```````dG ````aCG ``a``J ``e
Y S e e dG Mh
L ``N TDd dG HG ``e FY
www. N e fhdEG GdG Y hGdG
.oabinvest.com
jdG ``` H 20 `` ` Yo ``H``` dG ``` TD` e ``` ` jh
bS H ,``G dG LQe cT jY
k HdG Y H i``LCG
IQGOEG Y
dPh ,20 ```Y ``H```dG ```TD`e ``j````H Q``````SG
J ``` dG ``H``` ` G `` e`` G ``` J O``` L ````V
ie ```YCG Y aGh jG LMG
.IOG je e
hCGh Mh TDc 20 oY HdG TDe ALh
d kN Uo ``dG ,dG ie Y
G ddGh HdG ``N ``e ````SCG AGOCG
dG G``g ``` h .``` d``G GQhC` ` `d `````e ``` S
QSCG c VGSG N e ic Ie G
Hh YVe H a ``LQ``G cdG SCG
G `` SCGQh ```d```dG ````H``dGh ``d`````dG ```Y j
Hh Q``` ` YG ```H `` NCG ``e ``c`````d ``a``G
GP TDG oj H ,cdG J ``e ``SCGQ ``bCG
je ``e G ```e j Sb ``
jRJ AKCG jQSG jOdGh aG fih
Sb ``K ``eh jQSG jOUh afi
cCG H jOdGh aG d AGOCG ```SGQOh
JGQGb P``` Jq G ```Y ``g``Y````j `` ```a````Th ``bO
TDe `````Sh ,G`` g .``` ` ` JG``` SEG ``jQ``````SG
iNCG dG GTDG QGZ Y ,20 oY HdG
S M kjS JfHh Se V M e
jJ h .Y c e SQe T JfH j
TDG G cdG J CG WTG TDG
j CGh ``` d``G GQhC` ` ` d `````e ``` S ``LQ``e
GS d dG FGb Iaeh Y Y dhGJ
gQNG kS 20 e TDG j Yh .de
QNG CG c ,eJ aHh YVe SCG Y
LG bdG dG SSCG Y e TDG Y
LG `````dG ```S```e G`````SG `````Sh ``c`````d
TDG ``dhG```G ````SCG ``b``ZEG Q````SCG jd
1,000 Y TDd SSCG dG OYG M
H zJL{ e VQCG d LT fl aG
M .jdG OQGG J kce kfhJ
G jd M LM g EG
.dG dG dG fl
H ``eR e ee LT cTh
.jdG OQG`` ` Gh ``` ` dG ``j``` J ``Y``H
1^2 cT J ,```dG ie a
.kjS SdGh dG QhO Qe
e ```f````dG ```X```H ``` f : ``` VCGh
EG G``````d ,``` HQ``fh ```S````dG ``` j``N
Ia Z IQGOEG ie Y bGe
,gGdG bdG h .GS 5h 3 H GhJ
eM ``e 100 ``HG``b ``L`````T ``X``J
Y c eG jNh LG LQO
J ,``J```L FQ Hh .``` Y
Gfl ``e ``j``G ````d k` ` d``M ``` e``G
e hdH dPh ,dG dGh jQdG
.Yh fi cT
jDhdG - e
Ldd ```f``CG ```e``G TO
Y LT ``c```Th (``J```L) ```Y
e `` ` VQCG ``` ` d ``L`````T ``` fl
LT YJ ``bh ,````M JL
H ``J``````dG ``eG``H ``Y```` ``` Y
dG Petro Mod OehH h Petrel
PSCG j .G eGSG S
``J```L ````FQ ,`` gGQ OQ``cQ``H Q```c``dG
fh .`` `LCG ``j``W Q``````SG ``g ``````dG
CH kGL AGSh ,YdG Gd kGL f
Gej CG gQh BG UCG HW
.g aGMG VQCG Y H
LdG AY H efH Yjh
P`` ` `` ` Y `` ` `` `G `` ` Y `` ` S`` ` ` Gh
h`` ` `G ``` ` d `` b`` dG ``` d``Y ``` L``d``` L
jDhdG -e
-Jd ``` f``` ` dG ``c``` ` dG ``` ` YCG
eN ```J I``FG``dG cdG - fY
bJ Y - dG eG JG
dG fhdEG Y e gJ Ice
bq h ,fhdEd G eS cT
H eY QcdG fY fL e bJG
fL eh ,dG FdG SGhdG VY
dG ````F``dG ```c ```S ``j eS
G ``` fh``cE` d ````e```S ``c````d
G`` e `` H ``d``W ``` ` ` dG IO``` ` S Q``` ` ` H
ObG h``` ` dG I`` `FGO ````FQ `````F``dG
dG IO``` ` Sh ``` LQ``G IQGR`` ` `H ``` ` dGh
`` dPh dG i``d G Q``` dG
fjdG ac eL W j ze G{
k a ,````Y
aCG I``F``L Y dM ``Y
Gg h .2012 dH dL e he
Ff ,dG N H G Y U ,dG
:dH e ,G cd dG FdG
bdG Wd f e ,G fEG
jQdGh eG SDG e a d
kjCG ```O``cCG SDG fl e ``EGh
GHh JYhe ``YO ``N e ``dPh
aSG ``` Y ``` ` f ``` c ,`` `` ` O`` `cCG
SGQdG H AG``LE`H JY hH
SGQO ``N ``e JH ``b```dG GP
MdG G MCc e ,G he
a d IFGdG jQdG PdGh eG
dGh bEG iG Y ``EGh kfi
HdG adG IQjR CG dG cCGh .kjCG
Mh hG fe j e ,d
.d jhdG
jDhdG - e
LdG e ,`` G h````e SG
dH jdG I```G d ```d```G
SGQdG Wh MdG e Y eCG
ac ``` e``` H `` j`` ` `V`` ` `Gh ``` ` ` dG
V d ``` JQ``jR ``N ```f```j``dG
JG `` ` ShCG ``` ` dG ````c ``e h``` ` dG
IQjR JCJh .jdG eG H kOcCG
OcCG fH e Ac d adG
fGe GQjR ebEG M e eH G
dPh dG hO MdGh d
jQdG jQG Y WEGh aQe AGKE
M JH ``b```dG GP ``jQ````dGh
JQjR N e Y SGQO AGLEGh dG
h dG IQ``j``dG ``g J M .d
jQG R``HCG Y dG EG e ,``G
ObG
Q````````NCG
c S H MCG
ObG QGSG
d Gk` g``L ``` YCG ```S AG``` dG ``FG``YCG
N e IAGdG Y cjq EGh f YSCG
OdG G``g ``N ``e `` bCGh ,```G e
f G``` Hh ,``` ` dG ````a `` gCG ``S````b``H
.c e gCG bG
Sd dG jObG QKBG c e
,G Y dh Jd eG fEG
VJ H ObG dG j
e Gh`` dGh TfG ``M ``H d
L ``e O``c``dGh ``T````fG `` Mh ,```L
e CG dG g CT eh ,fK
Y ``KC`J ``e ```d``eh dG ``e `` eRCG
dGh ,ddG eRCGh ,HdG NdG hP
QXh OdG ``e ``j``G G``MEG EG OD` J
a ```d``Hh ,`````G ```L```fEG ``b```dG
e dG ObG QGSG UCG
jObG d SSCG G`` gCG ``H
QK ```dh ,``jO`````bG ```S`````dG ``` ` VGhh
e ``M ``jO`````bG ``H ```c ``L
dG qCG EG ,dG ObG QGSG
ObG QGSG qCG Y GLCG e
dG i``` ` ` e EG ``` U``d``H `````j
e ```S```e Q``b ```Y ``` G ``e ``e```dG
GRdGh QSCd dG iG QGSG
j e j GHh YaG Ge
.jObG SdG GgCG H Y
IG `` `dh`` `dG `` N`` J `` ` `V`` e qEG
ShCG G
k ``c ``L Q``KCG ``b jObG
,ObG QG```dG ````UCGh jObG
dG hO c k SGh ck GQOEG g qC dPh
,ID` ` c ``Z ``k `d``M ```F```dG ````dG qC` `H
jdG GQTEG AYEG Y ILY j
k G j e dch ,S H gZh
jC
- O``` ` ` bG ``````d ``` LQ``G Q`` KB`` H
j e UCG H -externalites
EG Qe Z Gk `eCG dG fEG dJ
c GQYG g ``eCG ,e j
e `````e i`````e qC` ` H GQOEG ``e ``H
AT g ObG dG dhdG NJ
dTEG ```j ``e ``gh ,Qh``` V ``e ``cCG
QGSG Y KCd da cCG GhOCG
.dG ObG
dG eGdH G aG qE`a dd
H gS ``e```G ``` fEG ```Y ``KD` J
eG `` ` `fEG ```S````S ``` L``J ``` T
Y Jj dG dG LdG dhd
qCG c ,dG ObG QGSG
e ``gCG eG ``` fEG
dG dN e dhdG J CG
fEG SS ````gCG Jh ,O`````bG
dH ``` ` ``` ` e `` gC` `c ``e``` G
GhOCG ````V hCG ``` Z ``X O`````b``d
.iNCG
H ``e``g fe ```d``G SdG ```h
G`` gEG J ``` fq C SdG
Gh ``jO`````bG Sd IO````G
e J ,dY e
h dG e J ,ddG
Jh ,``Y``a``G G``` e QG`````SG
KDJ CG ```d``G SdG ``N ``e ``dh``dG
GhOCG I`` Y ``````S``H G`` ` gCG `` g ```Y
SdGh eG ``` fEG SS gCG
.jdG
g ``e ``a``` O`` ` dG ``` ` SCG ``f``` b``J
hD` `` `` `G `` `eh ?O`` ` `` `` `bG QG`` ` `` `` `SG
````````G IGOCG ``g `` eh ?````` ``Y
?
Sandas~book@yahoo.com
jDhdG e
YGdG SGQH G UG dG Y
``Y``` ` dG ``jO``` ` U Q``````S `````G
Qhd dG YLG ```KEG eCG U ``dh``dG
dPh eG IdG e dG dG OfG
SFH jH G YLG Yb
dG FQ dG M H S SG G
dG WGh .dG AYCG eG QHh
jOU M IOQGdG fdG Y LG Gg
jdG gCG beh ,G H e YdG
dGY A - jDhdG
FdG ``` dG G``` Y ``H `` `gGR ``S``` ` G ````c
dLEG dG CG ,h`` e A``H```c cd dG
G`` YCG ``N gH cdG S ```dG ```YC`d
CG Ve ..``jQ e 230 f J G G
cdG J ```dG ``W```G L J ``Yh````G
Lh ````Th ```W```dGh ````NG``dG ```a``fi Jh
.bdG
gd Jd d J cdG EG :bh
LMG Heh ,d jdG G J
..OdG J dG dGh dG e AHd IjGG
dG M eg Y U jJ dP AL
G ``` G ``VG``` ` ` S ``c``` ` dG ``````f ``` dG
IdG `` g `` N ``g`````J `````S ``` dG ``Yh``` ` Gh
dhGh I````G ``c````dG ``e ```G ``g ````b```eh
N UGJ cdG EG dG ``bh ,e eG
J e JCGH e 2018 Mh 2013 e G G
,AHdH d IOG ReG We J dhDe
WG g dG LMG aJ Y dG gh
IQGOEG fCG Y j dW
jDhdG e
IQGOEG OdG je T G Gg
j dG OG QWEG h .IdG BG
SGQdG fh JH jd G H
2013/3/26-24e IdG N G f
G LdGh O``` TQEG b ``e hdH
a dGh Hd edG jjH
SQG G``` V``fi I`` Y ```b````dG ``` L
TG bh .``fEGh Qcd Ie ``jh
SGQdG ````H ``j````dG ```Y G``` V``` G
dGh G dG Hd jG
IQHG-jDhdG
IQHH jOdG gCJ NG
SGQO OG`` `YEG `` ````jQ```dG IQh`` `dG
q ```dGh ,IdG jQd ih``G
f
.2013/3/27-23`` ` ` ` `e I``` dG `` N ``` ` G
G je ,FdG S H OhGO bh
GQh`` `dG ``e``f``H Q`` `WEG ``JC` J IQh`` ` dG qEG
,G e G gj dG jQdG
.SGQdG dG Gg N G CGH dGh
YG Uf ``H eY SG j M
Rd fdG cd dG FdG Ff
UG dG cQe EG G dG
kGL e dG dG JGSEG ```Vh
Wh QOG``c OjEG hJ e dP
dG S LMGh Jh JJ gDe
hdG ``d``ch ,``U``G dH kUNh
QaCGh iDh``dG IQd YdG fl ``e
G d TQdG g H J dG
Y je Ff bh .dG ADg e OdG
N H dh jdG Od QU cT
W ``LCG e TQdG ``g cQT :dG
jd dG ```Lhh AGQBG O```Jh Q```aCG
q h ``` ` ` dG ``` ` ` ` dG
JGSEG ``V``Y
q h HdG
Md I``j``G Q``` aCG ``W
IhdH ```O``cCG cQe ``Mh .``eO```dG
dG d G JGSEG Vd
g ddG EG M ; gCG e j
M ,`````JG```SEG ``g ```S```SCG Q```G
c ``c ``e `` W ``K``K Ih``` dG Q``` ` j
cQG ```H ``` dG IO````S `````Mh
TGdG S H GY - e
G dN /jJ
J ```dG ````dG ```TQh ``` YCG ```UG```J
jJ :GH JCJ dGh edG idG IQGRh
dG N e dG dG IOG
M eCd `` j`` ` `dG :`` `` ` ` ` JG`` `` ` SEG
dGhCG ```Y `` TQh ``K J
ddG IQh``dG :AGOCG IQGOEGh JGSEG
d JGSEG G OGYEG fdGh
dG ``j``` e ``` a ddGh dG
.SDG
N ``` H IO`` `Z ``` J ``` TQ``dG `` g `` `Mh
IQGRH IOG V V IFGO Ije MS
q :edG idG
jJ GH IhdG J
dG N e dG q dG IOG
ObG
G S
de L N f 205 J UQdG
f5969ieEGVfHdGHdGjTDGh..eSGLJdGY
dGY A - jDhdG
f dG e dG HdG L hCG dG GQhC` d e d dG TDG a
j dG Hh ;FG 0^35 f LGH ,f 5969 ie Y d ,f 21
,FG 3^33 ,de L 5 N f 205 e ``cCG TDG a e
.GT 21 f e dEG Uh f YCG e Wg
igh ,f 6174 ie Y VG SQe 25 KEG L N TDG ZEG ch
EG ,f VfG Ib ZQh ,IMGh L f 101 Gba IH dG dG gH
.dhGG cd bdG dG LGH fGbG e UN jb j fCG
J ,dG e dG HdG jGH e dG c dLEG IdG CG EG ,LGdG ZQh
b IO``jR e ,```dG jGH G fQe FG 3^61 H GOU M TDG CG
TDG S dG IdG W QYG NCG eh .jQ e 3^4 Y jj hGdG
,HQCG SG jQGJ dHh ;cd edG G OfG YG fGbGh
DhdG IhL J CG e hG J d ,``HQCG TDG j CG W hj
d FGZEG EG aVEG ,OGaCG e G GNG H fG e dG gCGH dG
.LQG GQSG
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,,
,,
,,
()
()
()
()
Ye b
2012 dG e jHCG T CG EG dH UN ,jHCG T M e bGG b Yjh
dG iG ch ,f 5869 Y bZEH Se dG a M dG QdG NBG c
e e gc dGh ,dP H LGdG Gd dG N TDG Y j dG YCG
.QG dG
EG aVEG ,G dG e gcCG fc YdG L e H ,eCG ,LGdG ALh
dhGG ddG M Th ,HdG Z dch G SDG QSG e H G
7^71 e Wg ``jQ e 7^68 Oh``M QGOh e M NBH fQe W VfG
dG fG a ,hG``J L NBG e fQe FG 0^33 f LGH jQ e
.oY jQ Qe 12^17 hO be hGJ j NBG Y FH 0^18 H cd bdG
f 19 f Gba f 7252 ie Y G dG TDe ZCG ,edG dG h
bCG e 3149 ie Y TDe ZCa eG b eCG ,G 0^09 LGJ Hh
LGe f 8148 ie Y YdG b ZCG a ,G 0^05 Hh f e
.HdG H fQe FG 0^09 Hh f 7 f
Z SDG b e UN ,e H AGdG Y dG Z ,eCG L Nh
e G 11^09 Hh jQ dCG 853 EG fo dG Z je b fGh ,fo dG
;LG e G 16^9 Hh jQ e 1^3 Je b fc a ,hGdG LEG
e G 5^8 Hh jQ dCG 446 H eCG o dG Z QSG U fG dHh
.JhGJ M
20 QSG fG a a bQh 18 e JQG ,de bQh 49 Y hGdG eCG h
Uhh ,GkY 1790 Hh ,S e 33 f hGdG h ,bdG QSCG SGh ,iNCG
.G 80 EG 2012 hGdG b LEG e fQe dG f
YJQG
cCG
k
e SCG gd dH YJQG ``cCG SCd hCG G ``cG``G Th
0^108 Y e FdG hCG cG IR -QSd G S Sh ,dG
G LG J ``dG dG ``dPh ``ZEG S NBH fQe G 9^09 JQG H
H gG Y jf ``HQCG jRJ Y aGG dN dGh cd edG
SCd dG cG ALh ,(S d H 6) G aG G ``SCGQ e FG 6
,G 3^8 JQG Hh ``jQ 0^082 S Y ZCGh dG eG S kYJQG ``cCG
S JQGh ,G 3^48 IOjR Hh jQ 0^119 Y ZCGh dK GQeEGh oY S Mh
dhdG S K J ,jQ 0^062 Y ZCGh G 3^33 H AdG OGe YU S ZEG
.FG 2^86 JQH jQ 0^108 Y ZCGh dG GQSd
ZCGh fG d WdG S IQGH VfG SCG cCG Fb AL ,HG h
X iG Gg EG dG S Uh JCjh .G 9^76 VfG H jQ 0^037 Y
edG cdG H FT gKEG Y S dG eRCG Me EG G cT Uh
SG b K e j ie EG dG S LGHh ,dG e Hh J
.jG fCW VG MCG Lh dG IQGOEG FQ Ff H Y j
IQGOEG FQ Ff H SdG OM H M H ``CG e bG dG A``Lh
H bJ hGJ e VG jCG N On Oq J e An GREG fEG ;fG d WdG cdG
VdG H cdG Jh q AdG EG cdG IQGOEG LJ
q Y YEG FSh
q G Gg Ea ,cd G G
,G jG b e Ic DhJ QKCG T
N hCG H fEG b AGS ;fo dG edG e G Y kb q S fq CG c
e cdG EG G Lh jG ac WCG CG Oq hCG :```VCGh .jRdGh dG
Vh IOYE SG G OjEG Ve
m IQGOEG CH eh eYh je
j edG dG INCG e me UGJ Y fCG c ,jQGSG EG cdG
fEGh ,GWCG L VJ dG SG FSdGh o dG
t OjE M m cGT G
.LdG jdG d m eh Ve Ff d f
jQ 0^386 EG S g dG bd eda S g VfG SCG cCG K ch
2^58 VfG Hh jQ 0^189 Y ZCGh QU H S K ,G 5^39 LGJ H
fGh ,G 1^67 VfG Hh jQ 1^240 Y ZCGh dU Me S J ,G
.jQ 0^297 EG FG 1^33 H Wd oY S
k
hGJ
cCG
dG M ``e hG``J ``cCG SCG Fb QSG ``e`` G S QsJh
K ,LEG e G 16^19 f Y GPe jQ e 1^24 b H hGH
hGdG h ,G 11^5 Hh jQ dCG 884 H hGH jdGh QSd oY S
GQeGh ```Yo S ``K ,```G 9 Hh ``jQ ``dCG 472 H HdG QG`` fCG S Y
J ,G hGdG b LEG e G 6^14 Hh ``jQ ``dCG 472 H hGH
.G 5^79 Hh jQ dCG 445 H hGH HdG QSd G Y S
G hGJ
Hh ,dG LEG e G 88^91 e jQ e 6^83 b e fo dG AGT Hh
AGT H c ,dG LEG e FG 2^33 H jQ dCG 179 G je b
jQ dCG 437 b SG fLCG AGT H a ,G 3^07 Hh jQ dCG 236 dG
.G 5^69 Hh
83^1 Hh jQ e 6^38 b e fo dG H H a ,dG c dH eCG
7^57 Hh jQ 2^35 b SCG G H Hh ,dhGG ddG LEG e G
e b H a ,G 1^96 Hh jQ dCG 150 H SCG dG H c ,G
.G 7^37 Hh jQ dCG 566 fLCG
ObG
hO `S
k
LGdG UGJ zb{h ..Wg HO UQH Y j dG FdG bJ
q*KfkG*K2jGf**6*
M{sfG*6 H6
iGe**4KG iGe**4KG
i84+
{E
f;+*6
iGe**4KG
+26
e*
iGe*G* kMG*6
iM2G* iGe**4KG
=*
M|+*
A
A
A
A
A
RjhQ - IQaS ,d
4KaGe+li<eG**0M{+*
4MI
A
99
99
aG
A
A
A
A
A
A
111.0
111.0
A
A
A
A
M|+*
64fH
/{*G*H{+
MeH-*
A
91
91
M|+*
64fH
106.5
106.5
/{*G*H{+
MeH-eG*{sfG
J7g+7}H+N|KblNk1I
f SdG SJ Z N JQGh .G e
.SQe EG jj e IdG H S
b G j eG Y hGJ h
.edG Y Y
jG*
cdG - jdG
cdG - HO
i``` ` ` e `` ` bC `` `HO ``` TD` e `` `f
HdG Ff jG bJ e jT
IjL AfCG CG Z dG e hCG
.SSCG Y hGdG j CG
fc GPEG e ae hG jjh
dG OU QS hCG ``H``dG Ff
YEG ```S``e `````jh .``` dG ````e
TDe ```gh .``j``HCG `` NGhCG ``F````dG
bCG gh f 1826 EG H 0^2 IQeEG
HGQ Sh jj 28 e ZEG ie
MCG Jh .L N h``f
Jh YSCG ie ``bC hGdG
cdG ``e A``` fCG ```Z ``e````dG
QYEG S ``fh .````SCG QSCG ``
.H 1^9 Gd HdGh H 0^6
HdG eSEG cdG S gh
UCG eH H 8^1 (eS) eCd
.jf jRJ hH
d H 0^6 XHCG TDe gh
RjhQ - s Y
SOdG d ```Y```JQG ``` fOQCG ```UQ```dG ````UGh
Lc jOb SCG Y Oh AGT Sh GdG Y
.dG Y ddG e je aJh ,SdG
,f 2119^92 EG H 0^88 k Je dG TDG ZCGh
e 26^4 e fQe QjO e 26 hGdG b Hh
FQ Ff G eY ``bh .HdG G Q```jO
UQdG EG :`` ` `fOQCG `` G `` SCGQ ```S `````e L
b e IdG SCG kXe Ak GT J dGRe
V g dG G eCG{ :VCGh .jG QU
.zdG IOY Y O IjL dS
,QjO 7^25 EG H 0^83 HdG dG S ```JQGh
13^23 EG H 1^69 fOQCG SdG Le S OGRh
.QjO
6^2 EG H 3^33 ```fOQCG h```dG Ie S OGRh
5^39 EG H 0^37 fOQCG JG S JQGh ,QjO
.QjO
A
RjQhQ - IgdG
e ICWh jG UQd FdG TDG LGJ
0^82 TDG LGJh ,ee OaCG M dGh jG
Y j c dG YdG ie Gk Sc f 5057 EG H
.f 5080
IhG cH dG dG b FQ QdG bh
ie Y SdG TDG h``M{ :dG GQhCG hGd
e e VGh V Sh AdG H f 5050
L TDG OGJQG bG e{ :VCGh .zdGh jG
IQjR bJ e S ,f 5070 ae AKdG (dG)
hU e ah Sh .zAHQCG (Gk Z) dG hU H
e KO AG``LE AHQCG Gk Z e IQjH h``dG dG
S e dPh ;QhO Qe 4^8 b Vb CH eG
.Y jObG eRCG d QhV JG GHE IgdG
cCG GL SS gCG S S
s ,edG jHh
dG T Sh H 6^6 LGJh TDG Y FG
YG SCG fG c .G ``MCG ``j dG ``e
jOSh ,R``f``j``Hh ,g ``Hh ,dGh ,eg dG
SGQhCG SCG JQGh .H 1^6h 0^4 H MhGJ H
0^2 J SGQhCGh ,H 1^3 Lh ,H 0^3 AfEd
.H
RjhQ - Qjf
Y bG e VCG AL fH YCG eBG GPG EG jG A e ,eCG ,dG JQG
.jQdG IjG T VhCG CH dG Y EG aVEG ,dG fG f
YGJ e h X HS bh TCG HQCG ie fOCG e bG eH hQdG SGh
Y S Y GSCG e c ZEG X jg fc edG CG Z .Ub PfEG JG
G j HhQhCG cG d jdG SdG LGe b QH JG AGLCG d .edG
.G G j Qj dG IG jdG FXdG Y dG jdGh
EG Ib bj G c H ,SQe 50^9 dG SdG jG je TDe Hh
EG G 0^6 jCG hQdG LGJ e ,j 93^65 EG G 0^6 Qh``dG gh .jGa 50^1 e 52
.j 120^02
jRdG QhdG g H ,jeCG QhO 1^0409 EG G 0^1 GSG QhdG jCG fGh
k G YO ddG jQc GJdG EG ``bh .jeCG QhO 0^8358 EG G 0^2
.dG jC
hQdG SGh .VGQCG Y g CG ddG jQc T GPEG kjS OS fEG HG jQc dbh
.QhO 1^2770 EG G N f CG H QhO 1^2815 Y cj J hO
z````f{
LG````j
RjhQ - cW
SCd f TDe LGJ
ie `` `fOCG EG ``` f``H``` dG
e ,``` eCG ,``` H``` SCG ``K``K
dH jG b
jQG ``` ` SCG `` ` `HQCG
JQG dG dG cdGh
H ,I`` ` `NCG ``` H``` SCG
`` ` `b`` Jh `` ` ` dG `` V`` ` `` `fG
.dG dG
EG H 2^1 f ```gh
`` `cCG ``````f 12135^02
Y ``MGh ```d ``d VfG
TDe ``` ah .`` ` `` `SCG i`` `e
3^3 ``b``` f ```` `ShCG ``` ` H``J
.f 1000^57 d H
ObG
10
`````````dhO
ObG dG QH bJ Sh
RjhQ -HO
GkDWJ jdG ObG e S
bJ e ,2012 e NCG HdG Gk jT
G dG KCJh kjJ RdGh dG fEG
.YLG HGVG e eH
ObG CG ``` ` ` SQ GA`` ` `` `MEG `` `` ` XCGh
dG QG``e Y H 3^4 H jdG
dG ```b``J Se ```H H ```c ```V``G
ch .R``jh``d ``J``LCG SG H 3^5
H 1^9 H kG`` S G ObG
LMG ``e```G b ``e```Y 2011 ``Y
Y `````G `````ch .```WG`````d``H ```d```e
HCG FdG M e G fEG VfG
H j dG jOdG e G S
.fGG GOGjEG e H 70
j ``dG -R```dGh dG b fEG OGRh
Qe 30 M ddG jdG ObG ``HQ
NCG HdG a H 0^4 H -QhO
RjhQ -H
jG ``j`` SdG ```TD`G S
,SQe 50^9 dG YdG dH
kGT 11 e SCG j
M ,O`````bG ````dG Q`````H ````jh
.eCG YCG dG IAGdG OaCG
SG ``jO``` ` ` bG ``b``J ``fQ``` ``H
YCG ie TDG j CG gAGQBG RjhQ
J G IAG```dG d 52^0 Y ``dP e
gh 50^1 ``d```dG ``jG``a ie ``e ```YCG
EG dG TDe OGRh .TCG N bCG
k e TCG IY ie ```YCG
52^7
fdG ``JR``HCG ``e ``gh ``jG``a 51^2 ``e
RjhQ -d
H ``V``b Y d kFQ
dG h````U ``e QhO Q````e 4^8
AGM IH e L h``dG
eY H ``fRG``G be Y
jObGh SdG bdG e
HdG FdH MWEG YCG dG
.Qe M
EG ``j````dG IQGR`` `H hD```e ``bh
GSd RdG fGSCG S
L fK EG JS ```G
.L `````N ``e (QhO 1^18)
`` ` fG`` ` ` ` `` ` `SCG `` ` `` `S `` `` ` J`` `` ` Sh
d H 100 QdG GSd
QSCH dG CG``Hh .L 16 EG
RjhQ -IgdG
e EG eCG jdG IQGRh db
dG R`` Z ``fG``` ` SCG ````S ``` aQ
`` VG`` ZC` `d ``` ``H 60 (R`` ``` `` ` dG)
`` VG`` ZC` `d `` ` ``` H 100h `` ` `d`` ` `G
fG ``e h`` ```Sh ,``jQ````dG
GO`` `jR ``X ``` ` V``Z ``L``` ` MG
JQG hO GSCH QSCG Ic
.XG JGhQ
S Q`` ` ` `WEG IO`` ` `j`` ` `dG `` ` JC` ` `Jh
dG bdG ``YO eG
fRGG ``e kG``` c k````b ```````j
k eY YdG N jh .edG
fHdG cdG K
cG HdG d e SG XCG
I````dG YdG ``c````dG ```K
TCG J i``e Y hCG Id HdG
EG j ,SQe EG jj e IdG
Yj SCG QSCG JQGh dG LGJ CG
.YCG K
dG ``` f``J ``` ` e ``F``` f `` `` ` XCGh
cdG d FdG TDG ```JQG eCG
``` f``` K ``d``` S EG I``` ` dG ``` Y``` ` ` dG
c H ,`````jO 12 ``d```S ``e ``SQ``e
bJh .S dS dG bJ Se
ie Y k IdG YdG cdG
bG ``e ```M ;``eO``` dG ``K```dG ````TCG
gh fj ``MGh dS ```TD`G j CG
XCGh .jObG bJ Se f
N J IdG cdG CG kjCG G
`````H ``` KG ``````H ``` ` SCG``dG ``` b``` fEG
e fQe jHEG hCG CGH dG dG dG
.H 2^3 f IO``j``d ```b``J Se
f N jW Y dG GTDe h
e S VhCG qEG dj jdG cQG
IAGb CG Jh .IL fq CH FdG f
.FG e cCG FG CG EG S
% 30 a j GjEG dG
GAMEG ``c``e ``gQ``` UCG `` `bQCG O`` `aCG
b dG ```e C` `H G`` `jEG ``e```G
HdG ``KC``H `````H 30 ``e ``cC ``` JQG
.dhdG jObG
Y SdG T e AfCG dch fh
H 31^5 H G EG eCG db cG
jf ``aG``j ``dG ``SQ``e 20 M Gk ```T 12
H 27^4 dG Hh .SQdG dG
SQ fH H VG jO jf
H 26^4 ```G ``ch .```b ``e Q```U
fN J e GjEG Jh .2012 SQe
dG CG`` Hh .G````S Y ```e G`````dG
eY 2010 ``j```f GkO`` M ``Yk ``` JQG ```J``j
eh O``b``dGh AG```dG ``YO eG N
H ```Vh```e ``H```Y ```aO ``G ``dP
dG ``` U ````S h``` dG G`` ` jEG ``e``f``H
bJ `````J `` ``V``` ` f``d ``` ` ` G
NCH `` fq EG G ```jh .Q````SCG V
e qEa G IOQG dG QSCG
e f j b GjEG G dG
.SdG bdG
dG QJ bJ dG
eCG GQeGT . dG dG jRh b
GQSG SG Y QOb OH ObG EG
.kjS QhO Qe 50 H ITe LCG
N U ``D` e GQ```eG````T `` cCGh
CG dG QSG d cd IQjR
cCG dK dG e QJ bG e
G G dG ie Y SBG ObG
eG Jh .2014 SQe j dG
S dG ObG jd IgL jdG
.GS Y N d ie fOCG
RjhQ -HO
gh jQdG d HdG HO db
MHQCG U EG HdG Hd FQ IMh
H ``d```eCG d ``` JQG ```V``G ``` dG
``jQ````dG ````dG ```Jh ddG N
.IQeEG
UQd ```H -``` eCG ``c````dG O`` `aCGh
-JGS hG`` J ```j ```M ``HO G```S``f
326^71) gQO Qe 1^2 H HdG U CH
je 204 e fQe 2012 (QhO e
CG cdG HJh .2011 gQO
je S EG g dG ``V````fG
b Q````e 2^4 ``H```e 2012 ```a `` gQO
GQhdG GQe L cdG fch .Y
e jQY Yhe b VfG He
.2009 Y HO cdG jO eRCG
d HdG ``HO GOG`` jEG JQGh
11
jdG M G J IjG OL Gq K
adH Yd z
{ FSG gCG:AGNh dhDe
jdG e aGG dG fCG dhGe AH e eGd eSEG
TdG dG Y k V eSEG adG AGREG G MdG :QS
eSEG ad ObG dH Yd G ac JJ IQhV :c
zjN L{ eSEG dG QYH U Z QJ :eG S.O
SDeh GOGaCG G J IQhV :jH
jH d
XCG dGh ,dG IFGdG dG SDG iME
aj dG G OGaCG e H 69 e cCG CG
cCGh .jdG adGh eSEG adG H dG
G OGaCG e Oa BG 6 e cCG T dG -SGQdG
Gh WGG e ,HSCG 6 ie Y dG
qCG hj G OG``aCG ``e H 15 qCG -dG
a e dG SDG H J eh eSEG adG
iNCG Shh zjPcCG{ O ,eSEG aGfh Qe
IFdG b qCG hj e H 20 qCG c ,Hd
,H 30 f e H ,H j h ``eCG
je ,jdGh eSEG adG H jd a
e dG e c VJ eh ,dG Y JGQNG
.dJ
G OG`` `aCG ``e `````H 37 CG EG ``` SGQ``dG Q`` ` `TCGh
adG SDe i`` MEG ``jk Q``L Hk M j ``b
b OG``aCG e H 20 H ,gQX O eSEG
adG QX e TCG 3 ``N jk QL Hk M j
j b ,H 37 qEG SGQdG db a ,eSEG
j b dG IdG j hH dh ,jk QL Hk M
SGQdG Jh .eSEG adG SDe EG a
k GDS
G OGaCG Zj dG eSEG G hCG Y
OGaCG e H 50 qCG HLEG fa ,e IOSG
H 19 H ,SEG jdG e IOSG Zj
eh ,```d``G ````FG ``b```H ``e IO`````SG ```Z``j
IOSG Zj G OG``aCG e H 14 f
H ,KCG j e H 12h ,GQq dG j e
G e jQG j e IOSG H 4 Zj
.eSEG
c MG
eSEG adG CG j G OG`` aCG H CG
CG j ``NBG dGh ,M Vhb J Y IQY
d iNCG HQ Sh EG g e eSEG aGdG
bh EG dG ,adH TCG a G``d ,jdG
Hh
q .```H ```j ```Mh ,`````G ee j ```M
adG ``````j ``` WG``G ``e ``j``` dG CG ``e``` dG
aCG EG h````j ``G H d ,```e```SEG
adG gQNG EG M ;dG MdG e
e ``c G``` e ```Y S jdG hCG ``` e``` S
E G
Hd UG L e aj C gMCG S ch
Yd z``jDh``dG{ IjL IQOe edG Kh .dG
aK jH c H J dGh eSEG adH
,FSdG dG G eSEG adG
eh ,e c H dGh e c H dG VJ dh
.jdG adG jhj
Y gGj dG fYEG e ZdG Y qfCG OGRh
fc AGS dG IjG eSEG dG SDG
SDG g EG J fYEG g CG EG ,aGf hCG kcH
VJ h``H ,eSEG jdG O He dG
Hh H dG g eh ,Y S dG OG g
S z``jDh``dG{ M CG Ve
,jdG adG
k
aCG d ,TCG KK Id eh eTh
hDhj jdG OG``aCG EG UdG N e ,FdG
Gj M ,IjY H RdG hgj h FGG
N `` e ``f``c AG`` ` `S ;``` JGQ``` ` N `` cQ`` eh `` `YGh
.jdG hCG eSEG adG
fGe SGQO
e fGe SGQO Ff f b zjDhdG{ fch
eG S
.G
FGG e gQYH zjDhdG{ IjH eG OTCGh
bS ```fCG c ,dG ```G I``FG``dGh dG
.dG G G GQOG J
YdG OL
jdGh QSd dG jG Ff jH Dd bh
CG MW j jL Ve CG EG HdG Y H
VCGh .g G d OL EG LH
VG IdG N eb eSEG aGdGh dG CG
,eSEG adG M dG GhdG e OY H
G Jh Gh```dG ``g QGSG gCG EG G
k e
,SDG M ``EGh ,Mh OG``aCG ie Y d
eSEG adG H dG Oa c j CG j M
adG ```M```J ``` dG `````G ``g ``eh ,``j``````dGh
adG CG ``H``Jh .``g``Zh ,`````Y ``` dBGh ,``` e``` SEG
Y IjL d ;jG YdH d eSEG
Gg `````G J Lj `` ,``` ` dG `````G
,YdG Lj ``k `e``jh k JM Gk ` `eCG QYH ,```G
Yh CG Ve
,ah Yh Y Fb QNG c j M
k
dCe S H Kh ```e```SEG adH G
.bh
jDhdG H MJ Y GhY fL e WGG
(UG dH Xe) edG M bh ,jYdG
G Y IjL aK J eSEG adG EG
He fc ```fCG ``e ``Z``dG Y ``fCG Ve
,dG
k
jdG Oe e aGe fc ,dG Ia e
dG Qj G OG``aCG e dG qCG Z ,eSEG
VCGh .jdGh ```e```SEG adG ``H G
fdG S - jDhdG
jDhdG ````M CG ``jO`````bG AG`` `Nh ``dhD` ` ` e `` cCG
SG ``b``dG ``JC` J ``` e``` SEG ``a````d``H Yd
eSEG aGdGh dG e OY Y AH e keGJh
G J I``j``G O```L e ,dG
.jdG M G
GH ```Y````d ```````G ``L``G O`` Lh ```Y GhO`` ` `Th
kTfG j CG bG e dG ,jG G dG
G ac Y LGdG e qfEG Gdbh .kGc kjObG
ie Y jG eSEG adG e jEG
CG EG je ,ObGh eSEG d dG
YdG J `` kGc Y j z``jDh``dG{ M
.G Jeh e
FdG `` `LO`` `dG Q``` ` ` S `` H O````M IO``` ` S `` ` bh
z`` jDh`` dG{ ````M EG ``` ` dG `` c`` G `````d ``````dG
kGc Y jo eSEG adH Yd
dG ,G Jeh e ``Y``dG J
ObG aJ c ,dH G d Yf aVEG
LOdG cCGh .QgORGh dG eGY e jH WdG
e AfG H ``dPh ,SG bdG JCJ G CG
NOEG N e dG Gd dGh jdG dG
SH QOdG G fdG Y eRdG jdG
jGJ G gCG CG VCGh .2000/114 bQ dG
aG YCG dhG dG bfG e eGJ e
M ;```````G ``aG``` dGh ````dG ``N ``e ``` e``` SEG
G dG GH Yd G LG XJ
,kjObG kTfG ```jo CG ``b```G ``e ``dG ,``j``G
YO fCT e dG GQSG e je V N e
.WdG ObG Q``gORG Rj dG h ```fEG
CG g eSEG ad SSCG dG CG ```VhCGh
jQdG adG YU je H j G
jQJ ij a ,dG e Y IOLG jdG
Y kV j ,OY ```HQCG eSEG adG
.TdG G dG Gg
YLG dhDG
dG ``c````d ``````dG ````F``dG ````c ``` MCG `` bh
J zjDhdG{ gOJ dG G qEG QSd dhdG
QSG CG```e ``e YLGh Wh ````bGh `` aGhO ``e
adG A`` H ``e `` fCG `` ` `VCGh .``` Y``` ` LG ``` dhD` ` ` G
G SDe AGS G ac Y j ,eSEG
jG ````G G``g ,`````S``dG ``` G hCG ``G
adG eh eSEG H ,dG ie Y
adG qEG ``` M ;O``` ` ` bG `` f`` Gh ,``` e``` SEG
Te H gJ dG GhOCG aCG e J eSEG
ITG HQG fCG Y Jh ,ObG dG
.ObG f CG dG
Y ``H``LE` d ````e z`` jDh`` dG{ I``j``L IQO``` e CG `` cCGh
adG M G Mj dG IjdG DhdG
dG VJ fH ,eJ dG eGh ,eSEG
S G CG EG G
k e ,jdG adG Hh H
.Gk L e ObGh YLG H d j
dG Y ``e```G S Q``` c``dG ``b ,````L ``e
EG e H e ze{ eSEG Iad YdG
e ``fCG c ,Gk ` `L e dGh ``Y```dG ``f``G
,eSEG adG fCG A``H e dG G
ee G e kGL kGU kYb CG kVe
adG `` e `` a`` ` `NGh ``` e``` SEG ``a``` ` dG `` Y
G OG``aCG e dG CG eG ```VCGh .jdG
Vhb J J eSEG adG CG j
g H ,jG G c dM eNh M
jdG e aGJ eN J ,HQ de SDe
H dG GcQj CG j OG``aCG CG VhCGh .eSEG
Ghj CG b ,jdG Jfh eSEG adG
e CG ``e de ``eG```d``H GJjh ,```d``G ```JGQG``b
CGdG
12
aG e IjG GQGOEG
dG S fi . O
SGdG OJ d e VG GdG W e
.FXdG J j e H Gh
bf dG HdG IjG jOdG LdG bf
e HT GOb jf ,WdG eN Gk N e
MS GOb ,G SHh bOdG hdH
HCJ GOb ,dGh jdG agh ,IAdGh dG
.dH J h Hd
aG e
GN e JG eh dG de H f
:KCG dH d c
UG SG Y dGh RGdGh jOa ````G ```KCG ``d``H ```d ``c ````dG ``` J ``` dG
.Sf
J Q``` X dG jQd He h h````G R`` EG ````gCG Y de ``U``M ``e
dhDG Y jRdG e j Ggh ,d OG bdG
.GdGh
dU NGdG dG JT dG SdG gh ,Qh``G ``MORG e M e eCfh bf
.gCG dH IN SdG
GQk Yh ,aG dG e j dG d ek N
. dWEG Y
aG ``F``f IO````S EG ````k`jCG ```U``e dGh
eN LC be l ch k L Ma ,hQeh
. QX
(g JGSEG g IjG AedG V dh)
Salalah9@yahoo.co.uk
M a ,N ek Y HQCG e cC WGbhdG
. JGQb Jh
bdG J cG dG fY dG fEGh
QR IHh ,SG MCG d HdG GQdGh
hDe hCG QGOEG CG j ``MGh AMEHh I``MGh
.OGQCG EG JgDe Jh XG FGb EG UdG
jRdG e
IQGOEG Y fhj ``e EG Se ``L``M ``` fCG
WdG e eS S EG JCG eh ,QX QeCG
j a ,ITdG JOb e k gCG a
NCJ IjL jDhQh JGSEG VH jRdG e
,Y h KM dG GG W gQYG
AL g ``dG UG QX Vh gCH ``NCG e
. CG Y e CGj
fc GPEG eh ``jQGOEG GdG f bGc f
G eLh fEG e ,IjL ``jQGOEG J g
dG ```e a ; G S GdG J C` H
Gh IQOdG bdGh HdG GAdH Y jRdG
dG L ``e ``e````dG IQ``` e ``` ``eh ,````W``dGh
e Y dG jG Hj CG IQhdH dh ;FGdGh
g k L jf dG Sa .. ! ek Y HQCG e cC e
.! HJ edG e c . qb dG e c
bdGh dGh AdG j JEH j da
. dG a dP H dGh ,aCGh N g e EG
Ih e H jOdG FXdG H dP Y bh
. bCG ASDhQh jje eh ,jY Gk Qhe Gfh
a ,k Sh k ShQe k `jQ``L k ` `jQGOEG Gk J f
k
G YGhh
k Nh eeE
k G jZ Ofi dG Y
SHb dG ce dG ```dG G``j``d HdG) dH
ZCG a Jh ,(``SQG``Gh LG IGQOEG dGh ad dG
QTh ,dGh SQGGh LH JGVfi dCGh ,dU e
SGhdG H ``dGREGh H bh ,``SG``YCGh G``aCG a SdG
,eSEG IdGh jdG dG VJh ddGh GOdH ddG
bU dbCG ..k eh NCk Gh Hv CG s MCG jdG dU gCG H TYh
Uh aG as J idG jZ Ofi dG UCG CG SCG
M QX afi eb a CWh dG hCG dG e aQh
EG ..dG G MU dG LdH EG ,Yo S JQOe
SG Y j CG j G kL jZ Ofi dG j e
,Heh cCeh e a Gv L H ,VGe c LQ ..fK e
a bTQh X Nh HYO MU ,QU l SGh ,l e ,l e ,
l c
,jM AKCG Wj h ,J fCGh dEG j ,ech jM
k G de c dP Qb Yh
H a j c a ;d j jC
n.dGh In CGGh ,gGh
n
ndGh , njdGh jdGh
, ndGh jdG
n
n
e c d{ :G Sj jG FbUCG MCG Y b ch
JLM fh ,Qhfh Qhd a ;je b dG
HQO aQ dP Y jh .(jZOfi dG Y G ch
dG e Nh ``eEG YGdG ``jOCG f EG jdGh
bh ,k L fPSCG Ofi dG EG{ :IhM jN dG dH
k Jh ,dG a Y Mh KCG Jad c
e Gk KDeh v e ZGa
a AdG dSG EG Rhj H dP Y j eCG dh ,(H
jdG H Ofi dG IYO CGH ,QGM hCG QSG C de
dG Y v jQJ dH dU a SdG CGH bh ,dG BGdH
JNh HSCH dG SGh ,``H G O``Y OGR K ,Ofi
JGh dG OGRh ,dEG fG j CG YGHh YhQh Mh
J :e ;YSCG ShQdG e iNCG S s a ;IdG bQ
a czh ,zi``dh j f Gg{ YSCG ShQdGh ,dG BGdG
MRh UGJ Y KCG idG AdG g GhdG fch ,zdG eN
Gh ,LdGh dG dM dG K ,G EG dU QL
.dG YH QfCG dEG
dG Y s Jh ,G f jW jZ Ofi dG sT ...
;H dG EG H j g YGO t c a Vj CG H
S J d ``Hu Oo eY jZ Ofi dG e M e dPh
dG a VJ dGh ,dG Md IdGh Gh dG Y J
,FSdG H dP c .jdG EG eCG QJh ,IdGh iPCd
f ah dG J Y j e HCG fCG J eCG G H
WCGh AdGh dG t h GdG a SGdG JT sd ,dEG
SCG gCG MCG c g eh ,dG Z QKCG ,a KCJh dM
c e d HCj dh ,```MCG e c a dYGh j
f e k KGh ;gCGH dG JYO a jh Gk U OGOj H ,jo
dG GHCG a a Gk H j CG YSH j h ,d J G
HGh jdG G fh GdG Le a BGdG SQG
T e OGR ,dM SdG a dG dGh ,dG gH
.JTh
a eSEG Mh ja iYO ibCG MU Ofi dG jo h
Y CG r b LGj CG Qh c dG CG MCG j h ,GdG
Y fieh LGhQh gQKBG gT CG H ,dG IYdG g
MCG QcdG dG SCGQ Yh ;GdG AYh AdGh dG
G a gJ fc JGN CH dGh IdG YCG dGh ,dG
GdG EG gd Jh TH b idGh , ch ,dG
Ch ;(!!)G``` dG fi ``eEG dG edG dG PSCG ``c
-G Mj- gCGh GdGh OGH H
l SCG jZ Ofi dG
S -(jaGdG) Ib gh- bGdG GdG i``MEG s J a
,jZ Ofi dG I``YOh IS QcSH fjdG JGAd
dG Ia N ej c dGh ,eSEG YdG Wfh
d J jTdG ITh GdH dG Ife sd ,dG eH
1981 dG ah .GdH gCGH dG JYOh Je cE UdG
J CG Gh dG QGbCG AJh ,GdG e k eh Hk Qg s a
,Yo S cQG fOH EG G```dG e Ofi dG jW
dG hCG dG eh ,dH ebEGh ,QX afi jdHh
s b ,eY
k KK e cCG a TY dGh ,dG EG a Uh
H dGh BGdG Jh YdGh ShQdGh GhdG dG a
c bh a MdG QUh bdG H e fG meh IjL
.e YGhh YGOh N EG Se LH a G
l
dG Y Y
w H
JGdG VQ H fi
bh ,OLG CG J Ya M Y ff
.Qj h jo CG jjo FW m n n H J
Yo ``e eOdG MG ``g`p `dG CG T ..
H Sd G dG Sh h ,WGG CGe
H QSGh ,aQh G `` gGdG
CG dG EG aVEH- g ,G dGh dG
,cG eGdG QcSGh ,z``MG``dG WdG A```HCG{
aNG EG dGh ,Sb ITh M eVh
;jOe jh dG j Me gQYH
,dGh cdGh dGh QHG W Y fCG
d fCG EG ,k fih
o k e g nLhC
n G dG ddG c eh
JG dGh ,cG UCG L i j
e eOe ,jdG e ,MGh Wh dH
.H YGhh dP EG
mohammed@alroya.net
eSE
k G ,te eCG M EG dG j uh H ,jNBG
.dG d U fe dG Gg L
VQCG Y ANEG iYo WJ iDhdG J PEGh
EG ,dG dL Y gGQ c jdG WdG Gg
,Y aG dhDe k L JGY Y dCG fCG
REG Gg Y Wh zj{ e g CGh S
J UGY Y J CG s jh ,e d s Y dG
e ibCG g e dg dh .J jhMdG JG
a ;J YYdG Y SGh GG R
,Gk U QdG UGhCG JHV ``eCG dJ ``dG
LR
s j dG ,SGh ,FdG L j
J M ,eBG Sd gdG YGdG H
fCH Se ,dGh adG Va EG JM
OYG CGe hj ,FGW Gfj CG bh ,k L
,MGdG dGh ,MGdG dG CGeh ,MGdG dEH
j e YSo ,G UCG a .IMGdG r p dGh
OGaCG FS U dG WdG o dG H dP c
JH a J dG bdG ,IMGh H dG
.YGfCG Y aGh dG rUn e jdG QGG
L dG dL SS d ...
EG dMCG M ;YGfCH dG V ````kVQCG z```Y{
o
Hh ,J dG N Y Fe H SdG jM
,WCG Id J N KCJ j CG Y FN
YGdGh dG Qhd bGdG jdG CGh S
e jdG MGdG dG AHCG MLG MGh
M- dL TO dG zWGG{ CGa .dG H
WdG A```HCG U SG ,``eh``b e Y -G
f EG ,f s b Whh YLG f MGdG
jdG Y CGG Gg dL YOh
s .dG d f fEG
,dG d HSG AL dG MUEG e
,dG W S QJ LdG G``J h
NCJ Y J gh g WGbhdG QDH CG ZQ
13
iDhQ
jDhQ
o
fdG Io OS
G Vh
eT jObG ej
dGh ad jDhdG SDe gQJ
o dG
,fdG IOSh SDs G dhO jJ jW Y M H
J e M eh ,cQG dG Y e OY HQCG GR``EG Y SC
k J
dG dL U
n p Mn -cQG dG a eh- fEG M ;m jJh mjh
AYEG EG n Sh
n ,jG ``dh``dG ``YG``b A```SQEG Y -``YQh G M- G
.b fh
m G Y AdG eJ Y KCG ;MhU
m m SGQ SC
o `cQCG SQCG ,``ShQ``Gh G Qt ```dG ``N ``eh
dG ,fdG IOS ``dhO `
.SDG dhO Ao H o j dSH dGh ,G AdG EG J
Ljh ,isG dG dL IM d e m dH m gH AdG M bh
AdG ``jQ``J k `bQ``a k `e``Y u jh ,````gG G``g AdG SG Se
.jG o dG
SG Y dG ```H Ad ```YCG d ``j``G o dG A``Lh
,f jYQh ,FdG dG bNCGh oeh b SJh ,jJh AdG
cH dG S Mo V Y dGh ,Ad edG SdG ```r `SQh
GbGh ,Vd jJh ,VdG GAG``LEG Jh jJh ,dG A``YOGh
.AdH G fGdG Yhe
M- isG dG dL OsL ,eCG ,YCG AdG
SDhJ Nh
n
dG Y e MG g Ad YCG G QhO Y cCdG -YQh G
;dG e OY HQCG e e bk fG ;cQG
iDhdGh dG cGd
n
.jdG dG Gg AHC s G
Qm hH Ad YCG G
j ,AdG jJ H G QhdG Y IhYh
o
o
Vh
,dhdG G S`
o SCG g dG ,fdG IOS jJ x eh xgL
SdG
u h ,ILdG dGdG oj dG IQhO o jJh ,jGh G
n
.cCG LdG Y bM H e
LGd dG FS AGOCG Y kHjEG j
QhH G b s CG T h ...
o
.QgORGh WdG n J Ru J Im QHh ,cCG LdG Y
IQGOEG FQ
jdG ``FQ
`` FdG M H ``JM
jdG
24479885 :Jg
info@alroya.info
ObG
230 , 208 :fi
businessdesk@alroya.info
G
244 , 242 :fi
localdesk@alroya.info
VjdG
239 :fi
sportdesk@alroya.info
dU e
23295546 cah Jg
salalah@alroya.net
fYG
24479888 :Jg
ads@alroya.info
cGTGh jRdG
24479886 :Jg
24479889 :ca
TdG dU
``jRdGh `YdG
eGd jL e
M HCG OGDa
jQJ
14
F;+k=mu IK2gMfN3
F
g=5ghl2+E IK2gMf-
F
lHKg0 IK2K4
F
F
F
lHKg0 626
F
F
lHKg0 +26
F
F
7},J+}EkHgGLlN57,>+5b+
cdG -UGY
T SG jdG GdG CG``H
`` ` G ``` W ``` H `` jQ`` ` `dG I`` j`` G
dG GjdG ``X ,I``J```G G
,S JQL AGREG j H gQJ dG
IG `` `j`` `dG `` `` ` SQEG `` `dP ``Y``` Sh
22-EG ``````S RG`` W ``e ```J```e G`` F`` W
,HG jQc EG zdG{ SH ahG
EG J jY GQh```e EG fd
``` S ``Y ``a``d``H ``` j``eCG G``` dG ``` cC` J
fL e IYe GjJ M LGe
.ddG jQc
jQc jeCG jdG IOdG dbh
eG GFdG g qCG H HG
SQCG gUQ QGOG``dG IL dG
IYdG gh jG ShCG IYd HdG e
HG jQc FdG jeCG jG
dG qMh .jQG FdG GQhG Yd
.dG H dG Y ddG jQc
``d{ ddG ``jQ``c qEG ````dG ``bh
ODJ d dG JGRGSG hCG JGjH kT
jJh ddG jQc dY IO``jR EG EG
QGSGh dG d dhdG OG
jeCG G bh .zSBG T T
jQdG Q``````S 22-G G``F``W qEG
dG HG jQdG jeCG jdG
ad A``` ` G OG``` ` ` SG ````T EG ``` J
e g CG LGe HG jQc Y
.ddG jQc fL
GFdG OY jeCG G Oj h
IYb ``e ```H```G ``jQ``` d ```L``J ``` dG
Uhh .HdH Gh````chCG ``j``G jOc
GJ ``e A``L ``fC`H AG`` `LEG G``g ````dG
Y e jeCG G```dG j JhQ
IOLG YGdG H jG IdG 2004
.OdG G Z
f j M aSc ahe jH dG
a ..G
k j d dCGh dG H W Ua QjG
.IQG e Qb Y j
Y CGH a .dP Y e jROg fjQOG J
fdCG ZCG GP aSc jg bH QGUEG
Ff ``` ` UCG ``` ` dG ``e ``` ` ` dG ``f``G ``` Y ``` ` d
edG Re Y jhj Hb dCGh bS UUdH
.e
d CGh ahe dGe e gh jROg db
.G Qf fCH fMCG TCG
Y ``` YCG `` dG ``a```S``c `````f``H ```H```U ``` J h
d HhQhCG OG e d VJ d 2008
aSc dCG H fG Y dGh e bdG
IS OG````H VJ ``dGR dG HU ```Lh
.Y a
Sj ``KO`` ``g``L ``H````dG ```G ```Vh ```h
H bdG J EG Jh ``HhQhG OG a
.jdG
JCGH AH e Q``WEG LGG jROg Jh
f a j dG dG G d aSc eM
.jL e ahe MJh HU dCG 50
aSc IO````S dG ```G ````dG ```aQ ``eh
j Oj ML
a k bY e G UCG
k
OG EG fG dG hO ``eBG bjh ``G
.G QGSG YYR N jh HhQhG
e jb UCG aSch HU CG hj ..BGh
.QdG Y dh M fG AfE JG
HhQhCG O``G LQG SdG dhDe jJh
LG N AKdG Gk Z J UdG TG jKc
aSc fh JGO jG HU AGQRh FQ H
.J Tg
HU fG KO ``eCG dG ``eCG G``g Sh
Jh MUEH aS Y gh ``HhQhG Od
QGSG cCG EG j fLCG j QGSG IQOH
.HdG aSZj hO H
Y CG``H Y AfEH ``eCG j aSd dHh
He bd Hk M WCG T M NO eY 1999
15
dG
jQH `a SdG
e`````J S`````j
HCd dCG SD CGd SG XCG
MWCG ``dG QdG ``L ``M CG eCG
dG e OdG AfCG LMG H
IQG HfG b eJ Sh jGa
H kfH RJ CG LG e dGh je
.ZCG
FQ O``` j `` dG `` ```jC``dG OGRh
21^9 EG jQH jH HdG AGQR``dG
jj G 20^9 e kYJQG SQe G
d ```jC``dG ``LG``J H ``` dG ``f``c
GY MGh .G 17^4 G cGTG
OG hO ```aCG ``U````TCG ``e BG
JGa IO``jRh ddG ```JQG Y `` HhQhCG
.jQH dSG G iOCG dG eCG aGG
dG e bGdG ``dh``dG Sh
dCG dbh .je 12 fH HfG
G OCG jQH eM dSG{ e
eY OGRh `` L `` M Q``` ` fCG ```S``
edG dG ``M ``ch .zjdG Y
JQG Y ````MG ``e jG ``cCG
je ``V````fGh ``aG``G ``e``N Q````SCG
e G 5^5 EG T OGR M G
dG Sd k``ah jj G 1^9
27h 22 H IdG kT 1050 a QT
Y ``` bEG f ```H ``VG``a``Hh .``SQ``e
Qb H 57 h 55 H hGj e jdG
H e Y S L CG HCd dCG
He dG G```UCG e G 38 h 35
j dG eCG cGTd H 30 f
kfH ``LQCG Y RS HfG CG EG
.ZCG hH
k SdG G GS j dG :GOdG
zWdG QGG{`d G
`a 3 e
SCH PfEG IFW
jh Hg IFW EG dhDe b
SCG PfEG e ``N SCG
.e Y Gfc e c g KK e Y
IFdG ``` M EG QG``` dG ``` Y ``` Uhh
T ``g``MCGh ``K```dG L Y Gh``Yh
dG ``H J CG H P``` fEG ``b ``c
.IdG dJ IH b
VZ d e
SH dG YG e
YG e e dG CGH
gh SCG e LhRh SJ dG
Ye e e TCG IY H AL dG OG
.WG f dG YG
W dG YG fe je Y Yh
Jb h``` H ``H````e S ``` LhRh ```a``c
IH e dH de jQf IYCG Y Lf
YG Ye bh .dG j SH Q``a
FQ jRhQ jQGO bh .jj Sg Qe dG
VCGh jY fc dG L EG Qa jH
bh .z``a``````e ```b ``c{ .EG.EG.`` ` `S d
EG ac We WT FQ fH jO
SMh (BG.`` H.EG) O``G dG e
dj jNBG fdG PfEG hDeh SJ
`` fEG ```f``H `` bh .````dG ````L dG
j ```a``c We ``W```T ````FQ e `` HEG
de G Y Y fq CH VG dG
H Y ITe Q``a Q``N j ``dG jdG
Y fH qj h .``SGO e k e 20 f
Y j d dG G H G
hcS fdG P```fEG hDe CG ```SGh f
dG ``S``g b ````L jY YL Y
dG f gh jj 31 UUdH M b
EG ```a A``L k`f```H ``` dG IQGRh ```a `` YGPCG `` dG
QS ac We dG YG e
jQCG G``NCG YL V G``eCG RGHG b f
QU JG jY ALh .AdG jdG
GNCG YL GQP CG ```dG jJ af
Th Y FGMh b YCG Y dhDe ``jQCG
Y YCG JQG{ fCGh i``NCG FGLh g
fq CG j ``j``dG V dG GSH O``gh
.zfdG PfEG g e fhj
Y dG BG MJ jOdG
dG fb `a IjL J YGb
cdG -WG
RjhQ -AU
k J zSM{
IZ SQGe `a WCG H NG `d ``ffb
Y Y H 2007 a ae V
HfG `````ZC`H ``L``` G ``gR``a
fG Th .dG jdG
k jJ eh jdG G SdG
dGh IZ IjL fGb QG``bEG e
GaJ IZ SM Gf d .HdG
.jG dG fb QG``bE gO
e h fCH cG he jh
dbh .IZ e dhO AH GS
``` ` T``f `` gh ``````dG ``` jR
e AL jG fdG EG ICG``G M
S Y b Vd SM he
Ije J ```dG dG ``d``bh .I``Z
ffdG GQ``````SGh ``` HCG ``c``
YGPEd ``K````e dG ICG``` ` d
HdG fdG C`H dG{ dG
gH fEG Gdj CGh ddG j
...d ``f``gEG G``g ``S```dG Gj
fEGh eSEG cM fEG Gdj GP
e k `` H `````G G`````SD`j CG h``j``j
M A``` ` NGh ```d``M GQh`` ` dGh ``` dG
.zddG e GQe
cdG -UGY
RjhQ -IZ
c HdG dG IQGRh Q```UCG
IjL ``FG``d I`` Z ``` c``G ``S``` M
SQGe ```jQ```dG ``e ``L``dG ```
iNCGh d k a Jh dG
.SdG S e d
dG ``e GQk ``` ` YG ``f``` dG ``````Sh
AfCG T Sh G ```SGQ``dG
SQGG `` dP `` ```M````dG ``` ` dG
e gjj dG SQGGh UG
he ```jh .I````G CG ``SQG``eh
eSEG cG EG IjG GAGLEG
d `````G ```Y ``g```a ``V``a h``
iS h``j``j ``` fEG ``d```j ``j``jD`e
``` a``` G ``````````dG ``` ` dG ``` f
QG `` g`` e `` ` `dh `` ` bh .`` `fG`` `b
f{ R``jh``d dG IQGR``d fdG
SdG ``` C ````f e T
T ``e``N Y f f .e
SM ``j``Jh .zaK Y ```Gh
ILh ``` ` gCG k` H``M ``` ` V``N ``` e I`` Z
jOG Mj G :e
``` `a ```TG ````H
RjhQ -ceH
U d e EG e e e e Gb fG
IdG EG GJ jOe eSEG e QGO b e YS H eCG
.ddG jhGdG
H ``MCG eCG hCG NCe ``bh H O``Y Ah```dG EG S ``bh
Gb ``Y``J fa ``J```e T ``j``L GQ`` Zh Y ``c`````TG
AdG dG Sh .R``` A````MG Y jOG ``LCG de
a kjY fa ``N``J H ``e ``eCG ``V``a HU Y
.ddG be e jOG OW EG iOCG dG fc jj
Gg FOg Q``eCG{ JdG Y cS gh je HQL bh
e SdG ``Nh QGdG dG FShh Me G```SCG .dG
e AG``LCG OG CG ``e L QOe ``cPh .zJH
CH eM H OaCGh .jOG e Je OLh Y d IdG
.cTG Gb GOe 20 e cCGh bG Y GMGh de jL
.QdG ``WE OJ Gb ``bCG Y fe N EG S ``bh
H IdG NO jOG e Y EG G SH e bh
fG d J f Y QfG gOj ee IQS J
HQCG e e JGb OY J Y jQH Uh .G OGaG
eY dG jf H L dCG EG G bdG L BG
.jaCG Ib EG e J
RjhQ -HGW
RjhQ -jJ
Le EG `` e`` ` `M Q`` ` `` `e `` ` `b
MCG ``` eCG hCG A````e G````N ``d```
GjR Y dG AGQRdG Fd kGQe
.HGW Qe Y JQS NGO e
dG Y dG NGh
Qhe H dG ``e G ``gh
AGQLJ MV EG OD` J J H
EG GjR e Qe bh .HGW
.AGQRdG FQ Qe Qc e dG
JQS G``c``J .fe j ``MCG { ``bh
h .zJ ``fCG e kX ``Q
e ````G JdH ``J```SCG EG dG
```jh .``a````NG ```b ``JQ````S
MWCG ``` dG ``` V``` ` fG ``` eh .O`` ` G
j 2011 ``Y ``j```f G``` dG ````
VJ ``Y````G OG`` `aCG i`` MEG EGh I``Z SCG I``` Lh I```d N e c OY Y Id O``G d M
KM dG bGdG N L AGY V Gfc fjH jYQ N VG AdEG aJ ```dG G ``Y```G ``e
.RH je EG jW H GYe ab YL EG `` `eCG ``dhD` ` ` e `` `bh .``` ` dG
Ge ObdG d jU MT QfG Le a
UTCG J e Y SCG e ,eCG bGY eM NGO
.OdG H jJ je WdG e e bCG Y
e d dG Y dhDG QdG Y YL CG J h
dG G``g Ye j I``Y```dG H Je dG ``e
GdG AcREGh dG Y j dG bGdG eG jd
Je j dG G NGO G MdG LG Obh .FdG
G Gec 150 J dG jJ SH bGdG ed HJ
kGQGVCG CGh V Ia N kjM TCG OGH e dG
dG dG EG dhDe ``bh .jdG H dH
.WdG ``LQ e S H UTCG J b jJ ``bh
.bG cJ b MdG CG EG QTCG b dhCG jQdG fch
SGM L dG LG dG EG OG e WdG dbh
U IO``Y J ObdG MT CG jdG HJj G
dG ``bh .eG JG EG dGh RdG Ud ``j c
..WdG jje jH N j ``c{ jdG EG dU
Hh Lh ``fCG ``M``Lh QfG H ``eO jdG ``e A``L
dG ``jG``H ```e ``jQ````fG `````dG ``Y````Jh .z``L``dG H
fG eG
hFxuE(
hGxE(