Power Systems

Experiment 8: Undervoltage and overvoltage time lag relays Objective: Connection of the relay in a three-phase network and investigation of its behaviour with respect to overvoltages and undervoltages for different relay settings. Determination of the resetting ratio. Measurement of the inherent delay, the adjustable operating time. Demonstration of a trip. Experiment Outcome: At the end of this session, students will be able to understand the application of relays in protecting the system from overvoltages and undervoltages. Equipment List and Experiment Set Up: 1 Three-phase supply unit with FCCB (Cat. no. 726 75 or 725 61J) 1 Power circuit-breaker module (Cat. no. 745 561) 1 Three-phase transformer (Cat. no. 745 50) 1 Resistive load 1.0 (Cat. no. 733 10) 1 Electronic Stopclock (Cat. no. 313 033) 1 Over-/undervoltage time relay (Cat. no. 745 181) 1 Moving iron meter 2.5 A (Cat. no. 727 32) 1 Moving iron meter 100/400 V (Cat. no. 727 39) 1 Acoustic continuity tester (Cat. no. 727 421) Unitest-ohmtest 1 Set of safety connecting leads (Cat. no. 500 851) 1 Set of safety connecting leads, green/yellow (Cat. no. 500 852) 1 Set of safety bridging plugs, black (Cat. no. 500 59) 1 Set of safety bridging plugs, green/yellow ( Cat. no. 500 591) Procedure Assemble the circuit as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Arrangement of the components for the experiments with the overvoltage/undervoltage relay
Power Systems Undervoltage and overvoltage time lag relays

Figure 2: Circuit for investigating the behavior of an undervoltage / overvoltage time lag relay in a three phase network
Power Systems Undervoltage and overvoltage time lag relays

The following initial settings are to be made at the relay: Time delay : 0:5 s Undervoltage : 0.95 Overvoltage : 1.05 Undervoltage Relay Characteristic Experiment The buzzer, which indicates a trip acoustically, is initially connected to terminals 11 and 12. The value of UN - 5% is to be supplied on the secondary side of the three-phase transformer. The resistive load (cat. no. 733 10) is used as load; the resistor R should initially be set to 100%, so that only a very small current flows after the power supply unit is switched on. When R is made smaller the consumer voltage falls and the relay output for undervoltage (described in the following as "undervoltage relay") operates. When carrying out the experiment care should be taken that the current does not exceed 1.2 A for a significant time, otherwise the three-phase transformer becomes overloaded! Slowly increase the current by decreasing R until the undervoltage relay operates. Then slowly decrease the current by increasing the R until the relay releases. (The slow adjustment is required because of the reaction of the relay, which is delayed by 0.5 s). Record the operating and release values of the voltage and use them to calculate the resetting ratio of the undervoltage relay: V supply: ____________ V UN 5% V input to relay: ____________ V Tolerance = ((V supply V input to relay) / V supply) = ____________ V Relay Set at 90% 88% 86% Real Value Uv<

UN V input to relay: ____________ V Tolerance = ((V supply V input to relay) / V supply) = ____________ V Relay Set at 90% 92% Real Value Uv<

Power Systems Undervoltage and overvoltage time lag relays

94% Overvoltage Relay Characteristic Experiment DIP switch setting : 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 In order to obtain the corresponding measured values for the overvoltage relay, the value UN (marking 380V / 3 ) is initially set at the three-phase transformer, while the resistive load is set at approximately 15 - 20%. Now connect the buzzer for the acoustic signal of a trip to the terminals 21 and 24. Starting from this point, slowly decrease the current by increasing the R until the overvoltage relay operates. Then slowly increase the current again by decreasing the R until the relay releases. Record the operating and release values of the voltage and use them to calculate the resetting ratio of the overvoltage relay: UN 5% V input to relay: ____________ V (Resistive load set at 1.2A) Tolerance = ((V supply V input to relay) / V supply) = ____________ V Relay Set at 100% 101% Real Value Uv>

Power Systems Undervoltage and overvoltage time lag relays