CONDITIONALS II MIXED CONDITIONALS; INVERTED CONDITIONALS; ALTERNATIVES TO IF MIXED CONDITIONALS 3/2 If you hadnt given me a lift, Id probably still

en me a lift, Id probably still be at the station. If she had worn her seatbelt, she would still be alive. Hypothetical past situation with a result in the present. 2/3 If you werent so lazy, you would have finished your work by now. If she was better-qualified, she would have got the job. A hypothetical present state which has influenced past events. Hypothetical present situation refers to universal time. INVERTED CONDITIONALS Inverted conditionals are used in formal or literary English. If is omitted in all the cases and the correct auxiliary verb is placed at the beginning of the sentence. In negative clauses with inversion, we do not use contracted forms e.g. Hadnt Maria been there (Had Maria not been there) In Conditional I, we use should: If an outbreak of flu takes place, special measures will be introduced. Should an outbreak of flu take place, special measures will be introduced. The second sentence is more formal and less likely than the first one. In Conditional II, we use were + infinitive: If she left the orchestra, she would be greatly missed. Were she ever to leave the orchestra, she would be greatly missed. The second sentence is more formal and less likely than the first one. In Conditional III, we do not introduce a new auxiliary we just front had. If proper measures had been taken, the situation would not have occurred. Had proper measures been taken, the situation would not have occurred. The second sentence is more formal than the first one, but the likelihood is the same. Alternatives to IF UNLESS (= if not) I wont be able to lift this unless you help me.

(I wont be able to lift this if you dont help me.) OTHERWISE (another way of saying if not) Help me with this; otherwise I wont be able to lift it! PROVIDED/PROVIDING (THAT), AS LONG AS, ON CONDITION (THAT) These are more emphatic ways of saying onlyif You can only go to the party if you are home before 12. You can go to the party, provided that you are home before 12. You can go to the party as long as / on condition that you are home before 12. SUPPOSING, SUPPOSE, IMAGINE (can replace if in the Conditional II) Supposing you had $5 million, what would you spend it on? Imagine you were president. How would you change the country? BUT FOR (= if it were not / had not been for) But for your help, we wouldnt have succeeded. But for his donation, we wouldnt have managed to organize the event. BUT FOR + NOUN (no verb) IF + HAPPEN emphasizes that the event is not very likely (similar to should) If you happen to be in the neighbourhood, do drop in and see us. LEAVING OUT IF Come over here and Ill show you what I mean. (= If you come over here, Ill show you what I mean.) Imperative + and + will clause