High Solids Anaerobic Digester Technology The Pathway to Commercialization

Current status of permitting and commercialization of High Solids Anaerobic Digester Technologies

Organic Resource Recovery with High Solids Anaerobic Digestion

The Pathway to Commercialization

Two Stage Digester Process

Anaerobic High Solids Digester Process

Water Returned Periodically To Hydrolysis Tanks

Day 1-3

Day 4-6

Day 7-9

Day 10-12

Tank Reloaded After Day 12, Continuing Digestion Cycle

Organic Acids & Water Rate-fed to Gasification Tank Maintaining pH Level

Organic Acids & Water Periodically Decanted to Buffer Tank Day 12 Residual Material & Water Drained & Separated

Separated Water Returned to Tank; 10% Discharged for Treatment & Recycling

Separated Solids Soil Amendment

The Pathway to Commercialization The pathway from: Validation to Commercialization

Process and Technology Validation Commercialization

Organic Resource Recovery with Advanced Anaerobic Digestion

Commercial Digester Demonstration Facility @ UC Davis

UC Davis Biogas Energy Plant

Digester capacity 3-5 tons per day Digestion temperature 50-55 C Digester volume 200 m3 Expected biogas yield 350-583 m3/day Electricity output 600-1200 kWh/day

Process & Technology Validation

Started on June 3, 2008 Food waste digested: about 200 tons from 6/08-4/09 Digester Performance Summary: Solids reduction in food waste: 89.5% for total solids, 90% for volatile solids Biogas production: average 4,600 ft3/ton (wet) Energy content in biogas: 27 therm/ton (wet) Biogas composition: 55-60% methane, 2-5% hydrogen Digester pH: 5-7 for hydrolysis reactor and 7-8 for biogasification reactor.

Demonstration Facility Food Testing

Food Waste @ 20 % Solids

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Conclusions and Lessons

Equipment Chopper pumps are essential for loading and mixing of digesters that handle high-solids feedstock. All process equipment and computer control functioned well without major problems, except for boilers. Feedstock Food processing residuals are relatively consistent and predictable but could have rocks and grit , causing equipment problems. Restaurant leftovers require selective sorting and collection, especially for removal of metal objects and plastics, unless other separation equipment is available onsite.

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Technology Commercialization

Grand Central Recycling, City of Industry

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City of Industry

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Puente Hills Landfill

The Puente Hills landfill is located in unincorporated Los Angeles County, next to the City of Whittier. The landfill is south of the intersection of the Pomona (60) and San Gabriel (605) Freeways.

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System Design Parameters

R ep ort from R uihon g Zh ang for C ity o f Indus try D ig este r D ate : 5 /1 7/2 00 9 A ss um ptions Ma de Fe ed stoc k Fe ed stoc k T re atm en t C a pa city Fe ed stoc k M ois tu re C o nten t Fe ed stoc k T otal So lids C on tent Fe ed stoc k Vo latile S olid s C o nten t D ige ster Siz e a nd Pe rform anc e Ana ero bic D ige ster To tal Vo lum e Fiv e rea cto rs , e ac h rea ctor vo lum e Biog as Prod uc tio n M etha ne Pro du ctio n H yd rog en Pro du ction C arb on D ioxid e Prod uc tion Fe ed stoc k b iog as e ne rgy c on te nt To ta l so lid red uc tion in fe ed stoc k v ia di ges tion Ene rg y P ro duc tio n from B iog as Elec tri city ge ne ration H ea t g en era tio n Eng ine -G en era to r S ize D ige ster Efflue nt Soli ds a fte r s olid /liqu id se pa ration Liq uid efflue nt after sol id/liqu id s ep aratio n To ta l so lids co nten t in l iqu id efflue nt (w aste w ater) C om p os ting C om po st on site v olu me at giv en tim e C om po st Prod uc t O ns ite W a ste Vo lum e W a ste Prep ara tio n D ig es ter Volu me C o mp os ting Vo lu me T otal Vo lum e F oo d W as te 1 25 ton /d ay 80 % 20 % 18 % G re en W a ste 12 5 to n/da y 60 % 40 % 30 % To tal W as te 25 0 ton /da y

2 00 00 00 42 35 29 1 03 49 32 58 72 64 5 17 47 39 59 22 24 72 %

ga llo n ga llo n ft3 /da y ft3 /da y ft3 /da y ft3 /da y the rm /to n foo d w as te

9 90 3 yard 3

50 % gree n w as te

5 35 24 kW h /da y 25 57 the rm /da y 22 30 kW

30 % g as to e ne rgy c on ve rs ion efficie nc y 60 % w a steh ea t rec ov ery

86 to n/d ay 1 44 ton /d ay 5%

17 1 y ard3 /da y

at 65% m ois tu re co nte nt, g oin g to c om po sting N ee d on site trea tme nt or dis po sa l

12 06 ton 30 ton /d ay 9 48 99 03 34 45 1 42 95 Ya rd 3 Ya rd 3 Ya rd 3 Ya rd 3

3 44 5 y ard/d ay

20 day re ten tio n tim e at 50 % m ois ture c on te nt at 30% m ois tu re co nte nt 1 da y time 9 30 03 ft3 9 30 0 ft2 1 0ft ta ll

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Process Flow Diagram

Ref - C Ref - A Ref - B Ref - I Ref - D

Ref - J Ref - G Ref - E Ref - F

Ref - H

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Municipal Food and Green Waste Digester

250 Tons Per Day Anaerobic Digester Project

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Integrated System for MSW Systems

Develop an integrated waste treatment system that that can effectively separate the organics from MSW and convert them into biogas energy and Value Added By-Products.

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Mixed Solids Municipal Waste

Landfill Reduction Opportunities

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MSW Processing System

Trommel screen

MSW

Rotating Drum ReactorSystem MSW Receiving & Processing

To landfill or recycling Biogas Energy

Value Added By-Products

Anaerobic Digestion

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MSW Process Residues

Organic Stream Inorganic Stream

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Conclusions

MSW processing systems could be an effective commercial process to separate biomass from raw MSW; No significant difference has been found in the biogas yields of solid wastes through different Rotating Drum Reactor (RDR) retention times; The biogas yields of RDR processed solid wastes are lower than that of food waste, but still significant; The digestion of RDR processed MSW is stable and effective at maximum loading.

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The Biggest Hurdles Facing Permitting

The Agencies The Public

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Typical Permitting Issues & Concerns

Smells & Odors from the facility Potential Local Environmental Impacts Safety issues regarding Biogas production Truck traffic and operation noise and impacts Ground Water issues from reclaimed water System Esthetics

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Types of Agencies Involved

State Solid Waste Agencies County Planning Departments Air Quality Control Districts Water Management Agencies Municipalities & City Managers Local Utilities

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Public Groups Involved

Environmental Activist Groups Local Residents Concerned Citizens Groups Political Groups

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Overcoming these Hurdles

Requires Taking the Time and Effort to Educate the:

Regulating Agencies Governmental & Legislative members Municipalities and Industry Sectors Public & Educational Sectors

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Conferences, Seminars & Special Events

Educational Events Promoting Public and Industry Awareness

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Demonstration Digester Facility Tours

Educational Tours Promoting Public and Industry Awareness

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A Technology with Sustainable Solutions

Economically and Environmentally sound Business opportunities Providing Renewable Energy sources Landfill reduction along with Water reclamation and conservation

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