TAREA 1 EXAMPLE 43: A crude oil system has the following composition: COMPONENT xi C1 0.45 C2 0.05 C3 0.05 C4 0.

03 C5 0.01 C6 0.01 C7+ 0.40 If the molecular weight and specific gravity of the C7+ fractions are 215 and 0.87, respectively, Calculate the density of the crude oil at 4000 psia and 160F using the Standing and Katz method. SOLUTION The table below shows the values of the components.

*From Table 11. **C7+= (0.87)(62.4) = 54.288 Step 1 Calculate the weight percent of C1 in the entire system and the weight percent of C2 in the ethane-plus fraction:

Step 2 Calculate the density of the propane and heavier:

Step 3 Determine the density of the oil at standard conditions from Figure 41:

Step 4 Correct for the pressure using Figure 42:

Density of the oil at 4000 psia and 60F is then calculated by the expression

Step 5 From Figure 43, determine the thermal expansion correction factor: Step 6 The required density at 4000 psia and 160F is

EXAMPLE 44 A crude oil system has the composition: COMPONENT CO2 N2 C1 C C3 i-C4 n-C4 i-C5 n-C5 C6 C7+ xi 0.0008 0.0164 0.2840 0.0716 0.1048 0.0420 0.0420 0.0191 0.0191 0.0405 0.3597

Given the following additional data: MC7+= 252,C7+= 0.8424 Pressure = 1708.7 psia, Temperature = 591R Calculate the density of the crude oil. SOLUTION Step 1 Calculate the parameters aC7+ and bC7+:

Step 2 Calculate the mixture parameters am and bm:

Step 3 Solve equation (414) iteratively for the molar volume:

Solving this expression iteratively for Vm as outlined previously gives

Step 4 Determine the apparent molecular weight of this mixture:

Step 5 Compute the density of the oil system:

EXAMPLE 4-5 A saturated crude oil exists at its bubble-point pressure of 4000 psia and a reservoir temperature of 180F. Given API gravity = 50, Rs = 650 scf/STB, g = 0.7 Calculate the oil density at the specified pressure and temperature using Katz method. SOLUTION Step 1 From Figure 45 or the preceding equation, determine the apparent liquid density of dissolved gas:

FIGURE 45 Apparent liquid densities of natural gases.

Step 2 Calculate the stock-tank liquid gravity from equation (42):

Step 3 Apply equation (420) to calculate the liquid density at standard conditions:

Step 4 Determine the pressure correction factor from Figure 42: Step 5 Adjust the oil density, as calculated at standard conditions, to reservoir pressure:

Step 6 Determine the isothermal adjustment factor from Figure 43: Step 7 Calculate the oil density at 4000 psia and 180F:

EXAMPLE 4-6 Rework Example 45 and solve for the density using Standings correlation. SOLUTION

The obvious advantage of using Standings correlation is that it gives the density of the oil at the temperature and pressure at which the gas solubility is measured, and therefore, no further corrections are needed, that is, p and T. Ahmed (1988) proposed another approach for estimating the crude oil density at standard conditions based on the apparent molecular weight of the stock-tank oil. The correlation calculates the apparent molecular weight of the oil from the readily available PVT on the hydrocarbon system. Ahmed expressed the apparent molecular weight of the crude oil with its dissolved solution gas by the following relationship:

where Ma = apparent molecular weight of the oil Mst = molecular weight of the stock-tank oil and can be taken as the molecular weight of the heptanes-plus fraction o = specific gravity of the stock-tank oil or the C7+ fraction, 60/60 The density of the oil at standard conditions can then be determined from the expression

If the molecular weight of the stock-tank oil is not available, the density of the oil with its dissolved solution gas at standard conditions can be estimated from the following equation:

The proposed approach requires the two additional steps of accounting for the effect of reservoir pressure and temperature.