CC DNG BI TP C BN CA OXI LU HUNH V HALOGEN

1- Bi ton kim loi phn ng halogen X2 ,O2 .

2 t Kim loi (tr Au, Pt) + hh kh( O2 , X2 ) oxit (O ), mui halogenua (X ).
o

Bo ton khi lng: mKL + mhh kh = moxit, mui. LBT electron => Ha tr x nkim loi = 2. nX 2 + 4. nO2 . VD 1: Cho 11,2 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm Cl2 v O2 tc dng va vi 16,98 gam hn hp Y gm Mg v Al thu c 42,34gam hn hp Z gm MgCl2; MgO; AlCl3v Al2O3. 1. Phn trm th tch ca oxi trong X l A. 52. B. 48. C. 25. D. 75. 2. Phn trm khi lng ca Mg trong Y l A. 77,74. B. 22,26. C. 19,79. D. 80,21.

2- Bi ton H2S, mui sunfua(S2-) tc dng kim loi, axit...

+ Pb ( NO3 ) 2 t + Axit ( H ) 1) Kim loi + S (O2) PbS hn hp Rn X Hn hp Kh Y (H2 + H2S) (Fe, Cu)
o +

Ch : nFe= n H 2 S + n H 2 v LBT nguyn t S => nS = n H 2 S = nPbS VD 2: Nung m gam hn hp bt Fe v S trong bnh kn khng c khng kh. Sau phn ng em phn rn thu c ha tan vo lng d dung dch HCl c 3,8 gam cht rn X khng tan, dung dch Y v 0,2 mol kh Z. Dn Z qua dung dch Cu(NO3)2 d, thu c 9,6 gam kt ta en (CuS). Gi tr ca m l A. 11,2 B. 15,6 C. 18,2 D. 18,4

3- Bi ton H2S, SO2 tc dng dung dch kim

nOH nSO2
=

(NaOH)
n Na2 SO3 = n NaOH

Cc PTP c th xy ra : SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3 (1) SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O (2)

n NaHSO3 = nSO2

1 (va ) Dd HSO3
(1)

2 (va ) Dd HSO3 v SO32

(1) v (2)

Dd HSO3 SO2 d
(1)

(va ) Dd SO32
(2)

Dd : SO32 v OH d
(2)

Xc nh thnh phn sn phm mui thu c ? Na 2SO3 ( V d : 1 <

n Na2 SO3 = n NaOH nSO2

nOH nSO2

< 2 => NaOH + SO2

SO2 Na2 SO3 NaHSO3 ( NaHSO3 ) VD 3: Sc t t 2,24 lit SO2 (ktc) vo 100 ml dd NaOH 3M. Mui to thnh sau phn ng l A. Na2SO3 B. NaHSO3 C. Na2SO4 D. Hn hp Na2SO3 v NaHSO3

=n

4. Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl gii phng kh H 2 mMui clorua = mKL + 71. nH 2 V d : Cho 10 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn tc dng vi dung dch HCl thu c 22,4 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng mui thu c . mMui clorua = mKL + 71 nH 2 = 10 + 71. 1 = 81 gam 5.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long gii phng kh H2 mMui sunfat = mKL + 96. nH 2 V d : Cho 10 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al, Zn tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 long thu c 2,24 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng mui thu c . mMui Sunfat = mKL + 96. nH 2 = 10 + 96. 0,1 = 29,6 gam 6.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho mui cacbonat tc dng vi d/dch HCl gii phng kh CO2 v H2O

mMui clorua = mMui cacbonat + 11. n CO 2 7. Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho mui cacbonat tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 long gii phng kh CO2 v H2O mMui sunfat = mMui cacbonat + 36. n CO 2 8.Cng thc tnh s mol oxi khi cho oxit tc dng vi dung dch axit to mui v H2O 1 nO (Oxit) = nO ( H 2 O) = 2 nH ( Axit) 9.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi d/dch H2SO4 long to mui sunfat v H2O Oxit + dd H2SO4 long Mui sunfat + H2O mMui sunfat = mOxit + 80 n H 2 SO 4 10.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl to mui clorua v H2O Oxit + dd HCl Mui clorua + H2O mMui clorua = mOxit + 55 n H 2
O

= mOxit + 27,5 n HCl

11.nh lut bo ton electron khi kim loi khi cho kim loi tc dng axit gii phng hiro. Ha tr . nK L= 2 . nH 2 12. BI TP V LEUM Oleum l Axit bc khi C cng thc : H2SO4.nSO2 nn khi tc dng H2O (n +1) H2SO4 n H 2SO 4 (n + 1 ).98 Nn : nOleum = . Khi pha trn dung dch th c th coi oleum l axit c nng : 98+ 80 n n +1 Cu 1: Cho 0,015 mol mt loi hp cht oleum vo nc thu c 200 ml dung dch X. trung ho 100 ml dung dch X cn dng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,15M. Phn trm v khi lng ca nguyn t lu hunh trong oleum trn l A. 23,97%. B. 35,95%*. C. 32,65%. D. 37,86%. n Hng dn: nNaOH = 0,03 H2 SO4 = 0,015 Trong 200ml c 0,03 mol Cng thc: nSO3. H2SO4 Bo ton cho S: (1 + n)0,015 = 0,03 n = 1 %S = 0,015 = 0,3595 .178 Cu 2: Ha tan 3,38g mt Oleum vo nc thu c dung dch A. trung ha A cn 800 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M . a) Hy xc nh cng thc ca Oleum b) Cn ly bao nhiu gam A ha tan vo 200g nc thu c dung dch H2SO4 10% Hng dn : nKOH = 0,08 n H 3 b) M = 338 Ly m gam mdd = (200 + m) mt = (200 + m).0,1 n H a=
( 200 + m ).0,1 m = 11,6m = 200 + m m = 18,87g 338 98 .4
2SO 4 2SO 4

0 ,03 .32

= 0,04 a =

3 ,38 (n + 1 ) 0 ,04 M= = 84,5(n+1) = 98 + 80n n = 0 ,08 n +1

( 200 + m ).0,1 98

Kim loi tc dng vi axit HCl v H2SO4 long. K B C Na Mg Al Z F Ni S a a n e n

P b

C u

H g

Ag Pt

A u

Tc dng vi cc axit thng thng gii phng Hidro Khng tc dng. Kim loi th ng (khng phn ng) vi H2SO4 c ngui l: Al, Fe, Cr Ha tr:
H I
0

K I

Na I
+6

Ag I
+2

Mg II
2 (1) +4

Ca II

Ba II

Zn II

Hg II

Pb II

Cu II

Fe II

Fe III

Al III

O II

Cl I

Cn bng phng trnh phn ng: Cu + 2H2SO4 c CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

(1) 2

S mol:

n (mol) =

m( g ) M

(mol) ;

(mol)

=Vk (lt) / 22,4 (kc) ;

n = CM . V (lt);

mA %mA= m hh .100% ; nA %VA=%nA= n hh .100% ;

n (mol ) V (lt ) CM (mol/l)=

CM =
hoc

C %.10.D M ; C%=

mct ( g ) x100% mdd ( g ) ;

m (g) MA V ( ml ) D (g/ml)= ; dA/B= M B ;

msptt .100 mhh H% = msplt Mhh= nhh ;