EE100B Lab Report 5: Feedback Based Voltage Regulators

Andrew Yu 860998961 Zaza Nguyen 860967146 Sec 23 2-22-2013

Abstract: The objectives of this lab is to familiarize ourselves with the design of adjustable voltage regulators and the characterization of the voltage regulators. We want to construct stable power using either negative or positive feedback requiring only a source of unregulated DC input. By understanding line regulation and load regulation, we are able to understand the characterization of voltage regulators. Procedures: Part 1: Characterization of Voltage Regulators: In this part of the laboratory experiment, we want to implement and characterize an adjustable voltage regulator which provides regulated output voltage 5.5V 8V and nominal 6V output with the input, and assumingly unregulated, 9V power supply. 1. We assemble Figure P1-1 without the load resistor because we want to obtain the values without the load first. Also, in the warming, it says not to keep 100 hms resistor load in the circuit for too long because it will operate at a power level it isnt designed for. 2. We set the values: input power supply voltage to about 9V, R4POT at 100ohms and adjust with a set-screw the output voltage about 6V. 3. We vary the input voltage VDC = VIN from 0V to about 15V, which we record the output voltage using a multimeter. 4. From the values obtain in step 3, we plot the characteristic VOUT vs VIN to determine the line regulation characteristic according to formula(1):

This step helps us achieve our objective of understanding the characterization of voltage regulators. 5. From the results obtained in the previous steps, at which input power supply voltages will the circuit provide a reasonable voltage regulation? What is the largest swing of the input voltage at nominal 6V output the voltage regulator will tolerate to within 10% of its nominal output? This step helps us be the designer, familiarizing ourselves with designing a circuit with certain voltages that we can agree to be correct.

6. Set the input voltage back to about 9V and using a set of load resistors: 100k, 10k, 5.1k, 1k, 510, 100, measure the output voltage VOUT and the load current IL vs the load impedance RL. This step is important that we dont leave the load resistance in for too long because it will operate at a power level that it isnt designed for. 7. Using the data we obtained in the previous step, we would plot the characteristic VOUT vs. IL and determine the load regulation according to formula (2):

This step helps us achieve the objective of familiarizing ourselves with the characterization of voltage regulators. In the previous step, we understood the line regulation, and now we understand the load regulation. 8. Compute the power consumed by the load resistor of each nominal value. Which of the resistors would not suite as a load. Earlier, we are given warnings to not leave the load resistor in for too long because it will operate at a power level that it isnt designed for. Here in this step, we will find out if the resistor does or does not act at a power level that it is designed for. 9. Plot the characteristic log(IL) vs log(RL) and determine what current your skin would need to tolerate if you accidentally shorted the output. Speaking of carelessness.

Data Analysis:
VIN [V] 0.5 1.05 1.49 2.04 2.53 3.08 3.99 4.99 6 6.96 7.99 8.98 10.04 11 12.02 13.03 14.03 15.01 VOUT [V] 0.025 0.504 0.924 1.47 1.95 2.5 3.42 4.42 5.43 5.82 5.91 6 6.1 6.18 6.28 6.37 6.46 6.55 VOUT/VIN [V/V] 0.05 0.48 0.62 0.72 0.77 0.812 0.857 0.886 0.905 0.836 0.739 0.668 0.608 0.562 0.522 0.489 0.46 0.436

VOUT vs. VIN

7 6 5 [V] 4 3 2 1 0 0 5 10 [V] 15 20

Data Table 1: Obtaining data for Line Regulation Graph 1: Plot of VOUT [V] vs. VIN [V] for Line Regulation #6: #10:

Vout, V 6.205 5.81 5.93 5.96 6 6.02

Ohms IL, mA Vout/IL [V/mA] log(RL) PRL, mW Open 0 0 0 0 100 55.65 0.104 2 323.3265 510 11.88 0.499 2.707570176 70.4484 1k 5.98 0.997 3 35.6408 5.1k 1.185 5.06 3.707570176 7.11 10k 0.597 10.08 4 3.59394 0.061 99.91 5

log(IL)

6.095 100k

0 1.745465169 1.074816441 0.776701184 0.07371835 0.224025669 0.371795 1.214670165

Data Table 2: Obtaining data for Load Regulation and Power Consumed of the Load Resistor at each nominal value

Vout vs IL
60 50 IL (mA) 40 30 20 10 0 5.75 5.8 5.85 5.9 5.95 Vout (v) 6 6.05 6.1 6.15

Graph 2: Plot of Vout vs IL for Load Regulation

log(IL) vs log(RL)
2 1.5 1 log(IL) 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 log(RL) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Graph 3: Plot of log(IL) vs log(RL) for Load Regulation

Conclusion: In conclusion, we have successfully completed and understood this lab of feedback based voltage regulators. Since we were asked to do only the first part of the lab (part 2 was optional), we familiarized ourselves with the characteristics of the voltage regulators. Of that topic, we experimented to obtain the line regulation and the load regulation. We also graphed out the line regulation and saw that at 6V, it is the best reasonable input voltage. Also, we graphed the load regulation and analyzed the data. This lab was different from the rest of the labs, because we were able to test different resistors of the load and found that not all acts the power level that it was designed for. One error we did make in the beginning of this lab was burn the diode because our settings was not correct. We will definitely remember to check our circuits and settings before another diode will burn!