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水轮机模型验收试验的研究与探
水轮机模型验收试验的研究与探
2004( )
# #
1, 1 , 2, 3
( 1. ,
100038; 2. ,
3. ,
[ ]
530022;
530023)
W inter-
K ennedy ,
, 3 ,
[ ]
; ; ; ;
[ ]
TK 730. 1
[ ]
[ ]
4 ,
137. 8 M W, 88 m, 106. 3 m, 79
m( 71 m) , -
F599 , #
11 , : n.
Q.
10
10
= 73. 04 r/ min,
= 0. 794 5 m / s, Gmax =
3
: H p = 95. 57 m, Q p =
Winter -
K ennedy
- ,
, ,
,
, , ,
M W
$C= 24b,
20 , ,
0. 25%
, 40%
120. 1 m 120. 6 m 120. 35 m
H s ,
113. 837 m 6 ,
4 , 2
( ) ,
F599- 13,
40
, ,
14 ,
D 1a = 270. 52 mm,
11. 5513B1
, 40 93. 148% ,
14 , 88 m 5
, ,
IEC ,
0. 184% , 0. 25%
, ,
, ,
[ ]
2004- 02-17
[ ]
( 1955- ) , , , , ,
2/ 3 , $G= 1. 22% ;
2004( )
IEC60995 , 88 m, $G = 1. 67% ,
, ,
0. 43% ,
, , ,
3. 4
3. 1
4 ,
,
,
,
6 , 19. 74 mg/ L,
IEC 2. 36 mg / L
3. 2
,
2 ,
, , 3
,
2
,
,
,
3. 3
,
79 m,
93. 4 m( 80. 335 r / min 73. 883 r/ min)
( 0. 184 5 0. 156 1)
,
,
, F 599 ,
,
,
,
,
, , ,
,
H p = 79 m, 93. 4 m ,
, ,
4
, ,
, ,
,
-
3. 5
,
,
( < p) ,
,
, ,
,
, ,
,
,
,
,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
, -
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
( 4. 1 ) ,
9
, , , :
600barA , PPC2+
, 6
Z r ,
, 3. 2 kHz, 10 s,
, D p / D m = 11. 551 3,
32 768 ,
30 m , H r = 88 m,
0. 05~ 120 Hz
H p/ H m = 2. 933 3 X D p/ D m ;
( ) ,
Z r = 115. 2 m, -
0. 3D1 , ,
97%
m
,
4. 1
, ,
Rr RDT
, ,
v Z p = 7. 275 m, v R =
0. 082 6
, v Z m = 0. 629 8 m,
I EC ,
RDT 2 - R r2 = v Z m / H m = 0. 021,
Z r , Rr ,
v R, R1 , v R1 = RDT 1 -
I EC 60193 ,
, , Z c,
1. 848 m
Rc
, -
, ,
Z DT , RDT ,
, ,
, ,
? :
H a- H v- H s
: R =
H
: H a ) ) ) , m;
H v ) ) ) , m;
H s ) ) ) , H s = Z r- Z s,
Z r Z s , m
,
H a - H v ,
R1, R1 = ( H a - H v ) / H R2 , R2 = - H s/ H
, : R = R1 + R2
:
( 1)
,
,
, ,
,
( 2)
H s Z s , H s
, ,
Z r , : H s = Z r - Z s, Z r ,
, ,
H s ,
, ,
,
( 3)
, ,
, H m / D m X H p/ D m ,
, ,
10
2004( )
, 1 , 5 RDT , 5
RC , v H 1
, v H 2
, ,
, 5
RDT RC
H p
/m
$C
/b
71. 11
16. 0
n. 1
/ ( r#min - 1 )
84. 68
$H 1 / H
/%
$H 2 / H
/%
2
3
88. 63
88. 75
22. 0
16. 0
75. 84
75. 80
0. 700 2
0. 491 3
0. 319 8
8. 11
8. 16
0. 260 9
0. 261 3
3. 96
7. 02
3. 69
6. 96
4
5
98. 49
107. 38
20. 0
18. 0
71. 95
68. 91
0. 645 6
0. 588 9
0. 232 0
0. 212 4
5. 91
3. 47
6. 00
2. 91
1
2
70. 84
88. 58
16. 0
22. 0
84. 84
75. 87
0. 469 3
0. 699 6
0. 229 0
0. 185 1
8. 64
5. 06
8. 25
5. 26
3
4
88. 58
98. 26
16. 0
20. 0
75. 87
72. 04
0. 492 8
0. 645 3
0. 183 1
0. 168 5
7. 33
6. 49
7. 36
6. 21
107. 40
18. 0
68. 90
0. 589 1
0. 151 0
3. 65
3. 07
Q.
/ ( m3# s- 1 )
0. 469 9
, ,
( 4)
4. 2
, ,
: ,
, (
v C < 0. 5~ 1b) 1
, 2 ,
15 ,
, ,
,
, ,
2
,
, , ,
, ,
; , ,
, - ;
/ 0 , ,
,
, , ,
,
1
, ,
, -
, ,
, ,
, ,
11
, , , :
4. 3
30 m,
1% , 1. 22% ; 1. 5%
, 1. 96% , ,
< = 1. 0% 1. 5%
, , ,
8 ,
, 1%
2 ,
, ,
1% ,
51% ; 1. 5%
, ,
, 41% ,
( < = 1% )
( < = 1. 5% )
H p/ m
$C
$H 1 / H
/%
$H 2 / H
/%
G
/%
$H 1 / H
/%
$H 2 / H
/%
G
/%
$H 1 / H
/%
$H 2 / H
/%
G
/%
1
2
71
88. 6
24
16
10. 85
8. 64
10. 4
8. 25
90. 59
85. 47
7. 02
5. 74
7. 38
5. 12
89. 88
86. 02
4. 79
4. 55
4. 78
3. 80
89. 48
85. 51
3
4
88. 6
79
22
19
5. 06
5. 61
5. 26
5. 49
92. 11
88. 32
3. 34
5. 52
3. 20
5. 87
91. 83
87. 10
2. 82
5. 14
2. 74
5. 06
91. 20
86. 89
5
6
98. 4
98. 4
14
20
6. 02
6. 49
6. 02
6. 21
82. 3
91. 93
4. 59
3. 30
4. 36
3. 25
84. 37
91. 45
3. 93
2. 68
3. 27
2. 55
84. 02
90. 53
7
8
107. 6
107. 6
6
19
5. 30
3. 65
5. 41
3. 07
38. 41
91. 89
5. 02
2. 87
5. 43
2. 78
56. 74
91. 32
3. 70
2. 25
4. 42
1. 94
57. 39
89. 93
, 30 m, ,
, h s = 0 m
, -
Winter - konnedy
5. 1
, 8 ,
, , 0
0 ,
0 , 0
- n =
1 000 r / min, , 0
, ,
, ,
$C 16b
24b30b38b 44b 5
,
, ,
,
F AP
k A , h s F u
F b
, H = 107. 6 m,
148 M W , 1 950 kN
139. 9 r/ min, n Rp =
2 , H = 107. 6 m,
5. 2
148 M W , 2 400 kN
, 2 900 kN, 3 930 kN
5. 3
F599 24 , 23
1# , 6 # , 12# , 18 # ,
12
23# , 24# 6
2004( )
( ) ,
$Q = Q M - Q , $Q
0. 001 23, , ,
:
Q p = 293. 52 p 0. 499 995
,
,
: Q p ) ) ) , m 3 / s;
p ) ) ) , bar
2
, 30 m
, , ,
, :
h s = 0 m
( 1)
V oith- Siemens
0. 25% , 0. 1% ,
,
, 6
( )
3
( H max = 107. 6 m, H p = 88 m H min = 71 m)
, 6b~ 46b1
;
( 2)
, ,
;
( 3)
,
;
( 4)
( )
, ,
, 12# 24 #
( )
8 , 4 ,
,
,
5. 4
;
( 5)
;
( 6)
Winter- konnedy
Winter - konnedy
( ) ,
,
,
,
,
,
H p = 88 m 76. 12
,
,
, ;
( 7)
, , , ,
, , ;
( 8)
, ,
( : )
5 ,
( 1. China water conservancy and hydroelectric pow er research institute, Beijing 100038, China;
2. Guangx i Youjiang water and power dev elopment Ltd Cor p. , Nanning 530022, China;
3. Guangx i water and power design inst itute, N anning 530023, China)
Abstract: T he aut hor introduced the turbine model acceptance test for the efficiency, output, cavitation, pressure fluctuation, runaway , hydraulic ax ial thrust, hydr aulic wicket g ate torques and W inter- K ennedy differential pressur e of the Fr ancis turbines to be equipped at Baise multipurpose dam project. Detailed analysis and discussion are also conducted for the key technical issues such as K arman vortex, channel vortex and ex ceptional pr essure fluctuation. Emphasis is put o n the thr ee differ ent definit ions for plant cavitation
coefficient and t heir influence on the pressure fluctuation test. T he effect of cav itation coefficient on the similarity betw een prototy pe
and model turbine is also discussed.
Key words: T urbine; model acceptance; pressure fluctuation; plant cav itation coefficient; channel vortex
13