The Impact of Doppler Effect on the Beat Frequency

Signal of Linear FM Detector

Yang Xun

Zhanzhong Cui

Xinhong Hao

National Key Laboratory of

Mechatronics Engineering and
Control
Beijing Institute of Technology
Beijing, China

National Key Laboratory of

Mechatronics Engineering and
Control
Beijing Institute of Technology
Beijing, China

National Key Laboratory of

Mechatronics Engineering and
Control
Beijing Institute of Technology
Beijing, China

AbstractThe traditional analysis of linear FM detectors beat

frequency signal was based on that, the detection system and the
target were stationary. As a result, it could not reflect the impact
of the dynamic delay of the received signal caused by movement
and the Doppler Effect. Beginning with the traditional research
results, the beat frequency signal is analyzed in both time domain
and frequency domain theoretically, with the help of derivation
of the Doppler Effect. The result shows that, the beat frequency
with the Doppler Effect is not a standard periodic signal, and the
Doppler Effect not only causes the frequency spectrum shift of
the beat frequency signal but also broadens the spectrum. And
the broadening effect is affected by the frequency spectrum of the
transmit signal mainly. Combing with the simulation results, the
approximate expression of the beat frequency signals frequency
spectrum under the sports is given at last.
Keywords- detector;signal processing; LFM; beat frequency signal;
Doppler Effect

I.

[1]

[2]

[3][4]

[5][6]

f d = 2vr / vr
[7]
vr
[8]
[9]

978-1-4577-0536-6/11/$26.00 2011 IEEE

II.

1 [1] f 0 F
T 1(b)

2 f i ' = 1 = 2 (T ) 2 f i = 2 = 2
= F / T

nT < t nT +

1 = 0 + 2 2 T 2 + 1 (t nT )

2 = 0 + 2 2 (t nT )

(2)(3) 2 nT t nT +
1 nT + < t < nT (2 )

f (t ) = cos[0 2 + 1 (t nT )]
+

4485

(3)

n = 0,1, 2 ... 2 -

[u (t nT ) u (t nT )]
(1)

(2)

nT + < t (n + 1)T

n =0

R v t
(t ) = 2 0 r
C

R0 C
vr

+ cos[0 + 2 2 (t nT )]
n=0

[u (t nT ) u (t nT T ))]

(4)

F ( ) =

[ F (m ) + F (m ) +
s

m =

F3 (ms ) + F4 (ms )] ( ms )
F1 ( ) = e j[0

2 T (T 2 )]

(5)

( + 1 )
]
2
2
F2 ( ) = e j[0 2 T (T 2 )]
e

j ( + 1 )

j ( 1 )

Sinc[

Sinc[

( 1 )
]
2
2

F3 ( ) = (T )e j (0 ) e
Sinc[
1 -

X0 U  QCU 2  X2T

Sinc[

X0 U  QCU 2
T

2T

III.

( 2 )(T )
]
2

(c)
(b)
3

= t (t (t ))[1

(d)

d (t )
]
dt

(6)

d t (t ) / dt = t (t ) (6) [t (t )]
t (t ) d (t ) / dt = 2vr / C

A.
t (t ) r (t )
r (t ) = t (t (t )) [t (t )] t (t ) (t )
(1) r (t ) r (t )
X

2vr
]
C
2v
= f t (t (t )) + r f t (t (t ))
C

f r (t ) = f t (t (t ))[1 +

r (t ) =

(a)(b)(c)
(d)
s

u (t ) (4)
s = 2 / T

(a)

T +
2

(5) Sinc Sinc

1 2
T >> F1 ( ) F2 ( )
F3 ( ) F4 ( )
F =30MHz T= 15.510-6s
=10-7s 1=1.8732108 rad/s
2=1.21106rad/s 3

2 -
X

j ( 2 )

( + 2 )(T )
]
2
2

X1

T +
2

F4 ( ) = (T )e j (0 ) e

G
X2

j ( + 2 )

dr (t ) d t (t (t )) d [t (t )]
=

dt
d [t (t )]
dt

4486

(7)

 [t (t )] ft (t ) (7)
vr

nT t 2 R0 / (C + 2vr ) nCT / (C + 2vr )

f1n 1 = f rn 1 f t n

B.

2vr
2R
)t 0 (n 1)T ]
C
C
f 0 (t nT )
2R
2v
= [ r t 0 + T ] = [T (t )]
C
C
= f 0 + [(1 +

(7)

f t (t ) = f 0 + (t nT )

nT t (n + 1)T

(8)

n = 0,1, 2 ... f 0 T
(1)(8)

2 R0 / (C + 2vr ) (n 1)CT / (C + 2vr ) t nT

f t (t (t )) = f 0 + (t (t ) nT )

f 2n 1 = f rn 1 f t n 1

2 R0
2vr
C
)(t
n
T)
C
C + 2vr
C + 2vr
2 R0
2 R0
CT
CT
+n
t
+ (n + 1)
C + 2vr
C + 2vr
C + 2 vr
C + 2 vr
= f 0 + (1 +

= f 0 + [(1 +

(9)

(1) Tr T
Tr =

(2) r
2vr
)>
C

2v
C
T (1 + r ) = T = F
C + 2vr
C

(12)
(13)

(10)(11)(12) (13)

f0

C  2vr

2 R0
C
) nT
nT +
C + 2vr
C + 2vr
2 R0
2vr
=

nT
C + 2vr C + 2vr
2vr
1n 1n 1 =
T
C + 2vr

2R0

1n = (

f0  %F

n 1n

(3) Fs F
Fr =

(11)

(10) (11)
F
(2)

C
T <T
C + 2vr

r = (1 +

2R
2vr
)t 0 (n 1)T ] f 0 [t
C
C

(n 1)T ]
2R
R v t
2v
= ( r t 0 ) = 2 0 r = (t )
C
C
C

(1)(9)
X

(10)

C
T
C  2vr

4 -

vr << C
4 4

(1)

4487

C.
(7)
X

2vr
f t (t (t ))
C
2 R0
2v
2v
2v
C
= r f 0 + r (1 + r )(t
n
T ) (14)
C
C
C
C + 2vr
C + 2vr

fd =

(1)

(8) 2vr / C
(8)
X

(2) F

2 R0
2 R0
C
C
(n + 1)T
+
nT t
+
C + 2vr C + 2vr
C + 2vr C + 2vr

(1)
2vr f 0 / C
C

2vr f 0 / C < f 0 2vr / C

(1 + 2vr / C ) (8)
X

2v
2v
CT
Fd = r (1 + r )
C
C
C + 2vr
2v
2v
= r T = r F
C
C

(15)

IV.

(2)

5(a)(b)(c)
(3)
2d s

(5)

vr=600m/s f0=3GHz F
=30MHz T=15.510-7s
R0=30m
5(a)
(b)(c)
(d) 5

(a)

F ( ) =

(1) vr << C (15)

Fd 0
d = 2vr 0 / C
X

(2)

1 1 + d
2 2 d
(3)
ns d n = 0, 1, 2 ...

{[ F ( ) + F ( )] ( m
1

+ d ) +

m =

[ F2 ( ) + F3 ( )] ( ms d )}

j ( 1 d )

F1 ( ) = e j [0
j ( + 1 + d )

2 T (T 2 )]

Sinc[

2 T (T 2 )]

Sinc[

(16)

j ( + 2 d )

j ( 2 + d )

( 2 + d )(T )
]
Sinc[
2

4488

T +
2

( + 2 d )(T )
]
2

F4 ( ) = (T )e j (0 ) e

( + 1 + d )
]
2

( 1 d )
]
2

F3 ( w) = (T )e j (0 ) e
Sinc[

(d)

F2 ( ) = e j[0
e

(b)
(c)
5

T +
2

 d
(5) 5
(16) 6 (a)
(b) (c) (d)
5 (16)

V.

(9140C3607131005)

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