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Gaskets PDF
Gaskets PDF
Gaskets PDF
Introduction
With heightened issues, awareness reducing of safety and flanged
environmental
leaks from
assemblies has become major priority for industry. It is therefore important for companies who use gaskets to choose the correct material for the job and to install and maintain it correctly to ensure optimum performance.
This catalogue
provides a step-by-step
you select and assemble our sealing products to achieve a safe and reliable flange
connection.
Should you have any doubt with regard to selecting the correct product or require advice on fitting of our products please contact our Technical Department who will gladly put their expertise at your disposal.
Selection Procedure
1. Check the survey and pressure capability guidelines on the following pages to determine the most likely gasket type for your application. These charts provide general guidelines on the operational limits of our gasket materials. Since a number of factors affect a materials suitability for a particular application, these surveys should be seen as the first step in the selection process, rather than the sole means for gasket selection.
3. Check your choice(s) for chemical compatibility chart should be considered a general guide only. compatibility
capability
5. Follow guidelines on storage, handling and assembly given on pages 24 and 25.
GASKET SELECTION
stress
to seal
higher-pressure capable of
material
high assembly
applications.
of our materials
guidelines reflect common custom and practices for size the ability to withstand assembly
1/2" to 24" inclusively. It should be noted that on the temperature of the application. and therefore
LIMITATIONS IN STEAM
Introduction
Steam duty is one of the most common and one of the most difficult gasket applications. It is problematic for many reasons including:
1. Steam is a powerful hydrolyser capable of changing the nature of many polymers and fibres. 2. Saturated steam has a distinct temperature/pressure relationship. The higher the steam temperature the higher the steam pressure. The higher the steam pressure the higher the required gasket stress. The higher the required gasket stress the lower the recommended maximum temperature. 3. Many materials can harden in steam leading in some cases to embrittlement. When discussing temperature considerations such as:limits in steam only approximate guidelines can be offered because of
Flange design (eg spigot and recess is far better than raised face) Gasket thickness (the thinner the better) The service life required Assembly procedures Maintenance procedures The degrees of acceptable embrittlement of the gasket The use of jointing compounds on assembly (not recommended) If the gasket is to be subjected to non-static loading and stress fluctuations due to temperature and pressure cycling, it is advisable to select a gasket material which is not prone to embrittlement with increasing temperature (e.g. Graphite Laminates or top-chem-2000). In cyclic loading conditions we recommend a minimum surface stress of 30MPa. Bearing this in mind we suggest the following guidelines for maximum steam temperatures materials for Klinger
Material
Type
Material Metallic element I Graphite Graphite Laminate PSM-AS, SLS top-chem-2000 top-sil-ML 1 KLiNGERSIL C-4430, C-4500, top-graph-2000 KLING ERSIL C-4400, C-4324
Semi-Metallic Graphite Laminate Premium Grade Modified PTFE Multilayer Premium Grade Compressed Fibre Standard Grade Compressed Fibre
150C
The above values are for guidance only. Higher temperatures can be accommodated if the service is static or the gasket is highly loaded. Conversely, the temperatures should be reduced if the conditions are cyclic or if sufficient load cannot be guaranteed. If in doubt please consult Klinger Technical Department.
- the gasket is completely dry when installed - the flange is assembled at ambient temperature - the flange material and bolt material are capable of functioning at the low temperature - the gasket is not retorqued at low temperature Provided the above practices are adopted the following general guidelines for minimum gasket service temperature apply:-
Minimum
Temperature -70C
'-
~
1 r
,-
-40C -40C -15C -196C -196C -196C -196C -196C -196C -196C -196C -196C -196C -196C -196C '-
_.~- ~ ,
Nitrile rubber Viton rubber top-sil-ML 1 KLING ERSIL C-4324 KLING ERSIL C-4400 KLING ERSIL C-4430 KLiNGERSIL C-4500
PSM-AS & SLS top-chern Grades Softchem and Sealex Maxiflex with graphite filler Maxiflex with PTFE filler Maxiprofile with graphite filler Maxiprofile with PTFE filler
GASKET DESIGN
Gasket Size
A general rule is that gaskets top-chem, cut from sheet (eg.
As diameter,
use of semi-metallic
This is largely due to the effect of the hydrostatic end thrust reducing the residual stress on the gasket and increasing the possibility of blow-out.
As a general guide, special care should be taken for gaskets above 600mm, temperatures 200C, or pressures above 50 bar.
above
Gasket Thickness
It is very important to select as thin a gasket as practicable. The reasons for this are:-
2,
Stress relaxation
resistance
temperature without undue thickness decrease) decreases with increasing gasket thickness.
However, the gasket has to have sufficient thickness to allow deformation to the surface roughness and irregularities and imperfections of the flange.
FLANGE CONSIDERATIONS
Surface Finish
The surface finish on a flange increases the friction at the gasket interface and helps to prevent extrusion of the gasket outwards due to the force exerted by the internal pressure. For standard pipe flanges, we generally recommend a gramophone or concentric grooved finish of between 3.2).1m (125).1") to 6.3).1m (250).1"). For tongue and groove flange facings or very thin gaskets (OAmm) a surface finish of 1.6 urn (63).1") to 6.31lm is acceptable. Maxiflex gaskets require a surface finish of 3.2 urn to 6.3).1m for most duties and can be as fine as 2.0 urn (80).1")for more critical services.
- For glass lined flanges, top-chem-2003 - For rubber lined flanges top-chem-2003 or an elastomer should be selected - For non-metallic flanges we recommend an elastomer