Key Wonder means "to try to guess something or what will happen".

Wander means "to walk slowly without a clear direction". Wonder significa "intentar adivinar algo o lo que suceder". Wander significa "caminar lentamente sin una direccin clara". wonder I wonder how Michael is getting on. What is my girlfriend doing now, I wonder? I wonder if he'll recognize me after all these years. wander He wandered around the shopping center for an hour. The boy was found wandering the streets of Los Angeles. She wandered around the beach and finally sat down near the sea.

Key Include is used to mention only some of the parts of something. Consist of is used to mention all the parts of something. Include se usa para mencionar solamente algunas de las partes de algo. Consist of se usa para mencionar todas las partes de algo. include The tour price includes all taxes. The lunch service doesn't include drinks. My job includes training the new employees. consist of The audience consisted of teenagers. The lunch consists of several dishes. My job consists of developing software and training the new employees.

Key Could is used to talk about a general ability in the past. Was able to is used to talk about an ability on a specific occasion in the past. Could se usa para hablar de una habilidad general en el pasado. Was able to se usa para hablar de una habilidad en una ocasin especfica del pasado. could When John was 16, he could already drive. At the age of seven, Lisa could already speak three languages. Matt was very smart, he could beat anybody in his class. was able to John got lost but he was able to get back home by taxi. When Lisa was in France, she was able to talk with the locals in French. In the final test, Matt was able to get the best score.

Key Course means 'a series of lessons on a particular subject'. It also has other meanings. Curse means 'a swear word'; 'a word or sentence used to do something bad to somebody'; or 'something that causes trouble'. Course significa 'una serie de lecciones sobre un tema determinado'. Tambin tiene otros significados. Curse significa 'una palabrota'; 'una palabra u oracin usada para hacer mal a alguien'; o 'algo que causa problemas'. course You should take a course on computer science. She follows an Italian course on TV. I decided to take a course in English. curse He muttered a curse under his breath. She was convinced that somebody had put a curse on her. Pollution is one of the curses of modern times.

Key Envelop is a verb that means 'to cover or wrap up something completely'. Envelope is a noun than refers to the thin paper cover in which you put a letter to be sent. Envelop es un verbo que significa 'cubrir o envolver algo totalmente'. Envelope es un sustantivo que se refiere a la cubierta de papel fino en el que colocas una carta para enviarla. envelop The mountains were enveloped in mist. She enveloped herself in a long cloak. The fog enveloped the house. envelope I need a white envelope to send this letter. She tore open the envelope to read the letter. This shop sells envelopes and stamps.

Key Ambiguous means "unclear, confusing, or that can be understood in more than one way". Ambivalent means "having mixed feelings, or not sure about something". Ambiguous significa "poco claro, confuso, o que puede interpretarse en ms de un forma". Ambivalent significa "que tiene sentimientos encontrados, o no est seguro de algo". ambiguous The language in her letter is very ambiguous. His role in the affair was ambiguous. This legislation is quite ambiguous. ambivalent We were a bit ambivalent about getting married. Peter had ambivalent feelings about moving to London. He was ambivalent about accepting the offer.

Key To control something means "to have the power to make something work in the way you want". To manage something means "to organize the way that something works, often with responsibility for other people's work". To control something significa "tener el poder de hacer que algo funcione de la forma que quieres". To manage something significa "organizar la manera en que algo funciona, normalmente siendo responsable del trabajo de otras personas". control The army controls the south of the country. He has 60% of the shares, so he controls the company. The government used to control prices in the past. manage He manages a team of computer programmers. Louise manages a small travel agency. Managing a football team is very hard.

Key To affect means "to do something that produces an effect in something else". To effect means "to make something happen". As a noun, effect means "the way in which something is changed; a result, or an outcome". To affect significa "hacer algo que produce un efecto en otra cosa". To effect significa "hacer que algo suceda". Como sustantivo, effect significa "la forma en que se cambia algo; un resultado, o una consecuencia". affect This decision will affect our lives. The disease affected his nervous system. Inflation affects the buying power of people. effect The new director effected (=caused) a positive change. The effect of having a new director was positive. Inflation has an effect on the buying power of people.

Key Capital refers to the city where the main government of a country or state is. It can also refer to money or property used for business or to produce more wealth. Capitol refers to the building in which the legislative assembly meets. Capital se refiere a la ciudad donde est el gobierno central de un pas o estado. Tambin puede referirse al dinero o propiedades usadas como negocio o para producir ms riqueza. Capitol se refiere al edificio en el que se rene la asamble legislativa. capital London is the capital of the United Kingdom. Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States. The government wants to attract foreign capital. capitol The US Congress meets in the Capitol. The Capitol is in the capital of the country. Each state in the US has its own capitol.

Key Made from is used when the original materials are completely changed during the process of making. Made of is used when the original materials are not completely changed and can still be recognized. Made from se usa cuando los materiales originales se cambian totalmente durante el proceso de fabricacin. Made of se usa cuando los materiales origianles no se cambian totalmente y an pueden reconocerse. made from Paper is made from wood. Our food is made from natural ingredients. Wine is made from grapes. made of This chair is made of wood. Her purse is made of leather. This shirt is made of cotton.

Key Lawyer is the general word in British English for somebody who has professional training in legal work. Attorney is the general word in American English. Solicitor is a lawyer in Britain who gives legal advice and prepares legal documents. Barrister is a lawyer in Britain who represents a client in court. Lawyer es la palabra genrica en ingls britnico para nombrar a alguien que tiene entrenamiento profesional en materia legal. Attorney es la palabra genrica en ingls americano. Solicitor es un abogado en Gran Bretaa que brinda consejos legales y prepara documentos legales. Barrister es un abogado en Gran Bretaa que representa a un cliente en la corte. lawyer You should consult a lawyer. He would like to become a lawyer. attorney You should consult an attorney. The company will pay the attorney's fees. solicitor The document should be signed by a solicitor. Her solicitor explained how to solve her problem. barrister The barrister representing the boy went before the Court of Appeal. The barrister told the court her client had been seriously injured.

Key Floor refers to where something is in a building. Storey is used when talking about the structure of a building, in British English. The plural is storeys. Story is used when talking about the structure of a building, in American English. The plural is stories. Floor se refiere al lugar donde algo se encuentra en un edificio. Storey se usa al hablar de la estructura de un edificio, en ingls britnico. El plural es storeys. Story se usa al hablar de la estructura de un edificio, en ingls americano. El plural es stories. floor He lives on the fourth floor. Tourists can go up to the top floor. storey The building is 20 storeys high. They live in a three-storey house. story The building is 20 stories high. They live in a three-story house.

Key Shadow refers to the dark shape made by something blocking the sun or a light. Shade refers to the dark area where the direct light of the sun does not reach. Shadow se refiere a la forma oscura que genera algo que bloquea el sol o la luz. Shade se refiere a la zona oscura donde la luz directa del sol no llega. shadow He looked at his own shadow on the wall. The old trees cast a shadow across the road. Half of the park was in shadow. shade The temperature was 40C in the shade. We sat under the shade of the old tree. These plants need a lot of shade.

Key Place is a general word to talk about where something/somebody is. Location is used in formal or business English to talk about where something is. Position is used to talk about where something is in relation to other things. Place es una palabra genrica para hablar de dnde se encuentra algo/alguien. Location se usa en ingls formal o de negocios para hablar de dnde se encuentra algo. Position se usa para hablar de dnde se encuentra algo en relacin a otras cosas. place We live in a place called Sunny Club. The place wall full of people. The place where he works is near his house. location The hotel is in a central location. The GPS shows the location of moving objects. The strategic location of this supermarket allows them to sell more than any other shop. position The hotel is in a central position near Main Square. The position of the furniture in the room is important in feng shui. The position of the telescope must be accurate.

Key Salary refers to the money that somebody is paid every month by an employer. Wages refers to the money that somebody is paid every week by an employer. You can also use expressions like 'annual salary' or 'daily wages'. Salary se refiere al dinero que un empleador paga a alguien cada mes. Wages se refiere al dinero que un empleador paga a alguien cada semana. Tambin puedes usar expresiones como 'annual salary' o 'daily wages'. salary Some teachers have a good salary. Salaries have been reduced since the economic crisis. As the company manager, his annual salary is quite good. wages That factory pays higher wages than any other. Wages have been reduced since the economic crisis. As a construction worker, his wages are quite good.

Key Floor refers to the surface that you walk on when you are indoors. Ground refers to the surface that you walk on when you are outdoors. Soil is the soft substance that covers the ground, in which plants grow. Floor se refiere a la superficie sobre la que caminas cuando ests adentro. Ground se refiere a la superficie sobre la que caminas cuando ests afuera. Soil es la sustancia blanda que cubre el suelo, en la que crecen las plantas. floor The living room has a polished wooden floor. There's a puddle of water on the kitchen floor. I've just cleaned the floor. ground In autumn, tree leaves fall and cover all the ground. After the storm, there were still big hailstones on the ground. She lay on the ground and gazed at the stars. soil The soil is very fertile in this area. This plant grows well in a sandy soil. Soil covers a big portion of the earth's surface.

Key Beautiful is used to refer to a woman or a child, who are attractive in a noticeable way. Pretty is used to refer to a woman or a girl, who have a nice, attractive face. Handsome is used to refer to a man or a boy, who are good-looking, attractive. Beautiful se usa para referirse a una mujer o un nio pequeo, que son atractivos de forma evidente. Pretty se usa para referirse a una mujer o una nia, que tienen una cara bonita, atractiva. Handsome se usa para referirse a un hombre o un nio, que son bonitos, atractivos. beautiful She was more beautiful than I had remembered. What a beautiful child! Julia Roberts is really beautiful. pretty She looks pretty with that new haircut. They have a pretty little girl. Julia Roberts is really pretty. handsome He is tall, blond and handsome. They have a handsome young boy. George Clooney is really handsome.

Key Customer is the general word to refer to someone who buys something from a shop. Client is used to refer to someone who pays for a service from a professional person or company. Patron is used to refer to someone who eats or drinks something in a restaurant, bar, pub, etc. Customer es la palabra genrica para referirse a alguien que compra algo en un negocio. Client se usa para referirse a alguien que paga por un servicio de una persona profesional o una empresa. Patron se usa para referirse a alguien que come o toma algo en un restaurante, bar, pub, etc. customer We receive many more customers during Christmas. The customer is always right. A customer has just entered the store and bought the last camera that we had. client That lawyer has a lot of clients. The director had a meeting with a new client. The new hairdresser has already many clients. patron Patrons are asked to refrain from smoking. We offer facilities for disabled patrons. Patrons are welcome to leave their comments on our guest book.

Key Destroy means to damage something so badly that it cannot be used anymore or it no longer exists. Ruin means to damage something, but it still exists. Spoil means to damage something, but it still exists. It's less strong than ruin. Destroy significa daar algo tanto, que no puede usarse ms o que deja que existir. Ruin significa daar algo, pero an sigue existiendo. Spoil significa daar algo, pero an sigue existiendo. Es menos fuerte que ruin. destroy The building was completely destroyed by the earthquake. Many factories are destroying the environment. His car was destroyed in the accident. ruin The rain is going to ruin my new shoes. Please, don't ruin my hair with that cheap dye. Her career was ruined when she was fired. spoil The lake has been spoiled by litter. Food will spoil with this high temperature. Don't let this incident spoil your holidays.

Key To call somebody and to phone somebody are used in informal English. To ring somebody is used in informal British English. To telephone somebody is only used in formal English. There are also other expressions like: - to give somebody a phone call - to give somebody a call - to give somebody a ring (British English) To call somebody y to phone somebody se usan en ingls informal. To ring somebody se usa en ingls britnico informal. To telephone somebody se usa solamente en ingls formal. Tambin existen otras expresiones como: - to give somebody a phone call - to give somebody a call - to give somebody a ring (ingls britnico) call / phone You should call/phone your mother. Please call/phone me when you arrive. You can call/phone me whenever you want. ring You should ring your mother. Please ring me when you arrive. You can ring me whenever you want. telephone The police telephoned the suspect but could not reach him. The secretary telephoned to say that she was late. Sarah telephoned the insurance company to renew the policy.

Key Humid is used to talk about the wet weather or air that makes you feel uncomfortable. Damp is used to refer to something slightly wet in an unpleasant way. It can also refer to the air. Moist is used to refer to something slightly wet in a pleasant way. Humid se usa para hablar del clima o aire hmedo que te hace sentir incmodo. Damp se usa para referirse a algo ligeramente mojado en forma desagradable. Tambin puede referirse al aire. Moist se usa para referirse a algo ligeramente mojado en forma agradable. humid I can't stand this humid weather. Shanghai is very humid in summer. The humid atmosphere of the greenhouse is good for the plants. damp It was a damp day and we could barely breathe. The little room was dark, cold and damp. Wipe the computer screen with a damp cloth. moist She made a delicious, moist chocolate pudding. He laughed so much that his eyes were moist. The soil should be moist before planting the seeds.

Key

When these verbs are used in spoken phrases, they mean the same. But: Guess is used in American English. Suppose is used in British English. Cuando estos verbos se utilizan en frases orales, significan lo mismo. Pero: Guess se usa en ingls americano. Suppose se usa en ingls britnico. guess I guess that's his boyfriend. I guess it's too late to call her. I guess he's not at home now. suppose I suppose that's his boyfriend. I suppose it's too late to call her. I suppose he's not at home now.

Key Pupil is used in British English to refer to a child that goes to school. Student is used in British English to refer to somebody who has finished school and goes to university. Student is used in American English to refer to somebody who goes to school or university. Pupil se usa en ingls britnico para referirse a un nio que va a la escuela. Student se usa en ingls britnico para referirse a alguien que ha terminado la escuela y va a la universidad. Student se usa en ingls americano para referirse a alguien que va a la escuela o a la universidad. pupil This school has 150 pupils. All pupils were sent home earlier yesterday. Fifth-grade pupils will not have classes today. student This university has 500 students. He's a student at Oxford University. Students are required to enroll before March 20th.

Key Luck is an uncountable noun. You cannot say "to have luck", you have to add something before: "to have bad luck", "to have good luck", "to have a bit of luck", "to have no luck", "to have the luck to do something". If you want to talk about one lucky event, you have to use a form like "a piece of luck" or "a stroke of luck". Lucky is an adjective. You can say "somebody is lucky". Luck es un sustantivo incontable. No puedes decir "to have luck" (tener suerte), debes agregar algo antes: "to have bad luck" (tener mala suerte), "to have good luck" (tener buena suerte), "to have a bit of luck" (tener un poco de suerte), "to have no luck" (no tener suerte), "to have the luck to do something" (tener la suerte de hacer algo). Si quieres hablar de un suceso con suerte, debes usar una expresin como "a piece of luck" o "a stroke of luck" (ambas significan un golpe de suerte). Lucky es un adjetivo. Puedes decir "somebody is lucky" (alguien tiene suerte). luck I'm not having much luck today. Bad luck seems to follow her everywhere. You have the luck to live in the countryside. lucky She was lucky and passed the exam. You'll be lucky if you can get your money back. It's your lucky day, so you are going to win!

Key Fix is often used to talk about repairing a vehicle or a machine. Mend is often used to talk about repairing holes in clothes, shoes, roofs or roads. It can also be used to talk about repairing anything that is broken. Fix se usa a menudo para hablar de reparar un vehculo o una mquina. Mend se usa a menudo para hablar de reparar agujeros en la ropa, zapatos, techos o caminos. Puede usarse tambin para hablar de reparar algo que est roto. fix Our car isn't working, but Dad will fix it soon. Oh, no! The computer got stuck again. Can you fix it? The little boy fixed the brakes on the bicycle by himself. mend I think we'll need to mend the roof soon. His mother mended his trousers. Those shoes need to be mended.

Key Parking is uncountable. You can't say 'a parking'. Car park refers to the area or building where vehicles can be left and it's used in British English. Parking lot has the same meaning but it's used in American English. Parking es incontable. No puedes decir 'a parking'. Car park se refiere al rea o edificio donde se pueden dejar los vehculos y se utiliza en ingls britnico. Parking lot tiene el mismo significado pero se utiliza en ingls americano. parking Our hotel offers free parking. Parking is available near the train station. car park Our hotel has a car park for 100 vehicles. A large car park is available near the train station. parking lot Our hotel has a parking lot for 100 vehicles. A large parking lot is available near the train station.

Key Under is used to say that something is at a lower level than something else, or covered by it. It's a preposition. Underneath means the same, but it's used when something is hidden or covered by something else. It can be a preposition or an adverb. Under se usa para decir que algo se encuentra en un nivel ms bajo que otra cosa, o que est cubierto por esa cosa. Es una preposicin. Underneath significa lo mismo, pero se usa cuando algo est escondido o cubierto por otra cosa. Puede ser una preposicin o un adverbio. under He carried a magazine under his arm. She was wearing a sweater under her coat. The cat is under the table. underneath Her hair was hidden underneath a large hat. The railway goes underneath the road. We found a box underneath the floorboards.

Key Critique is a speech, book or article that explains in detail the problems of something; for example a book that deals with a set of political ideas. Review is an article written by a critic in a newspaper or magazine, that gives an opinion about a film, book, TV show, etc. Critique es un discurso, libro o artculo que explica en detalle los problemas de alguna cosa; por ejemplo un libro que trata de un conjunto de ideas polticas. Review es un artculo escrito por un crtico en un peridico o revista, que da una opinin sobre una pelcula, libro, programa de TV, etc. critique His latest book is a critique of modern economy theory. She wrote a critique of capitalism. This book is a critique of current models of education. review His latest book received mixed reviews. Her new novel got excellent reviews. Have you read any reviews of this film?

Key Job is the work that people do to earn money, especially when they work for a company or public organization. Work is a general word to refer to activities that people do to earn money, like working for a company or for themselves. Occupation is used to refer to the kind of work that somebody does. It's used mainly on official forms. Profession is a kind of work for which you need special education or training. For example, a lawyer, a teacher, a doctor. Job es el trabajo que la gente hace para ganar dinero, especialmente cuando trabajan para una empresa u organizacin pblica. Work es una palabra genrica para referirse a actividades que la gente realiza para ganar dinero, como trabajar para una empresa o por ellos mismos. Occupation se usa para referirse al tipo de trabajo que alguien hace. Se utiliza principalmente en formularios oficiales. Profession es un tipo de trabajo para el que necesitas una educacin o entrenamiento especial. Por ejemplo, un abogado, un maestro, un doctor. job She got a new job in a shopping centre. My last job was for a computer firm. work He started work when he was 18. After three days off, she went back to work last Monday. occupation Please fill in the form with your name, age and occupation. Manual occupations are becoming more important in our world. profession Members of the teaching profession are not very well paid. The medical profession is not for everyone.

Key Proud is a general word to describe somebody who is pleased with himself, or with what he has achieved. Arrogant is a disapproving word to describe somebody who thinks he's better than other people. Conceited is a disapproving word to describe somebody who thinks he or his achievements are better than they really are. Proud es una palabra genrica para describir a alguien que est satisfecho con s mismo, o con lo que ha conseguido. Arrogant es una palabra de reproche para describir a alguien que piensa que es superior a otras personas. Conceited es una palabra de reproche para describir a alguien que piensa que l o sus logros son mejores de lo que realmente son. proud His parents are proud of him. She's proud of being in the team. arrogant He's first in his class, but he's not arrogant about it. She's too arrogant to learn from her own errors. conceited I knew I was going to win, and I'm not being conceited. That conceited singer didn't want to sign autographs to the people waiting outside

Key Chemist's is the shop where medicines are sold. It's only used in British English. Pharmacy is the place where a pharmacist works. In American English, this may be a shop or a part of a hospital. In British English it's used only to refer to a part of a hospital. Chemist's es el negocio donde se venden medicamentos. Se usa solamente en ingls britnico. Pharmacy es el lugar donde trabaja un farmacutico. En ingls americano, puede ser un negocio o una parte de un hospital. En ingls britnico se usa solamente para referirse a una parte de un hospital. chemist's We need aspirins. Tomorrow I will go to the chemist's. She went to the chemist's but forgot to take the needed prescription. pharmacy We need aspirins. Tomorrow I will go to the pharmacy. She's been working for the hospital pharmacy for five years.

Key Realise means "to know a fact and understand it". Recognise means "to accept that a fact or a problem exists". In American English, these verbs are spelled Realize and Recognize. Realise significa "enterarse de un hecho y comprenderlo". Recognise significa "aceptar que un hecho o un problema existen". En ingls americano, estos verbos se escriben Realize y Recognize. realise I realised that the job was more difficult than I thought. She realized that the boy was crying. Sorry, I didn't realise you were here. recognise I recognise that the job is more difficult than I thought. The government recognized the need of a reform. Sorry, I didn't recognise you in your uniform.

Key Odd and Stange mean the same. They are used to refer to something unusual in a way that you cannot understand. Bizarre refers to something very unusual in a way that you think is amusing or hard to believe. Odd y Stange signfican lo mismo. Se usan para referirse a algo inusual en una forma que no puedes comprender. Bizarre se refiere a algo muy inusual en una forma que crees que es divertida o difcil de creer. odd It seemed odd that he didn't say goodbye before leaving. That was an odd thing to say. His behaviour seems odd to me. strange I heard strange noises coming from the basement. It's strange that we have never seen each other before. His behaviour seems strange to me. bizarre That is a bizarre haircut. She had a bizarre sense of humour. They were wearing some bizarre costumes for Mardi Gras.

Key Fault refers to something wrong with a machine or system, or something that you can criticize about a person or thing. Mistake refers to something wrong in somebody's decisions, calculations, spelling, grammar, etc. Fault se refiere a algo mal en una mquina o sistema, o algo que puedes criticar sobre una persona o cosa. Mistake se refiere a algo mal en las decisiones de alguien, clculos, ortografa, gramtica, etc. fault The computer system stopped after a fault. The engine had a design fault. That film is good but it has a fault: it's too long. mistake His letter is full of spelling mistakes. There must be some mistake with the bill. Buying that car was the biggest mistake she ever made.

Key Fault refers to something wrong with a machine or system, or something that you can criticize about a person or thing. Mistake refers to something wrong in somebody's decisions, calculations, spelling, grammar, etc. Fault se refiere a algo mal en una mquina o sistema, o algo que puedes criticar sobre una persona o cosa. Mistake se refiere a algo mal en las decisiones de alguien, clculos, ortografa, gramtica, etc. fault The computer system stopped after a fault. The engine had a design fault. That film is good but it has a fault: it's too long. mistake His letter is full of spelling mistakes. There must be some mistake with the bill. Buying that car was the biggest mistake she ever made.

Key In British English, shop is used to refer to a place where you can buy things. Store is used to refer to a very big place like a supermarket or department store. In American English, store is used to refer to a place where you can buy things. Shop is used to refer to a small place that sells only one type of goods. En ingls britnico, shop se usa para referirse a un lugar donde puedes comprar cosas. Store se usa para referirse a un lugar muy grande como un supermercado o tienda de departamentos. En ingls americano, store se usa para referirse a un lugar donde puedes comprar cosas. Shop se usa para referirse a un lugar pequeo que vende solamente una clase de artculos. shop There are many shops on this street. (British English) I need to go to a card shop. (American English) His brother is the owner of a shop in Cambridge. store There are many stores on this street. (American English) All stores stay open late at Christmas. This article is only available in our London store.

Key At last is used to say that something happens after waiting or trying for a long time, and when you're happy about it. Lastly is used to refer to the last action in a series, the last item in a list or to introduce the last point you want to make. At last se usa para decir que algo sucedes despus de esperar o intentar por un largo tiempo, y cuando ests contento por ello. Lastly se usa para referirse a la ltima accin en una serie, el ltimo tem de una lista o para presentar el ltimo punto que quieres nombrar. at last It's nice to be back home at last. At last, we arrived! At last you understand what I'm trying to say! lastly Open the bin, load the paper and lastly turn on the printer. You have to add salt, oil and lastly vinegar. Lastly, I would like to remind you that our next meeting is on August 10th.

Key Custom is used to refer to something considered normal or polite in other countries or in other times. Tradition is used to refer to something that has existed for many years, and it has been passed down from previous generations. Custom se usa para referirse a algo considerado normal o de educacin en otros pases o en otras pocas. Tradition se usa para referirse a algo que ha existido por muchos aos, y ha sido heredado de generaciones anteriores. custom The Japanese have the custom of taking off their shoes before entering the house. The tour guide explained the local customs. It's the custom for the bride to get married in white. tradition There are many ancient traditions in Japan. His sons followed the family tradition and became lawyers too. It's a tradition in our family for all first-born males to be called Charles.

Key Allow and permit are similar, but permit is more formal and often used in passive form. Allow somebody to do something. Something is (not) permitted. Let means the same, but has no passive form. Allow should be used instead. Let somebody do something. Somebody is allowed to do something. Allow y permit son similares, pero permit es ms formal y se usa con frecuencia en la forma pasiva. Allow somebody to do something. Something is (not) permitted. Let significa lo mismo, pero no tiene forma pasiva. En su lugar debe usarse allow. Let somebody do something. Somebody is allowed to do something. allow (allowed, allowed) We don't allow smoking inside. Smoking is not allowed. I won't allow you to go out tonight. permit (permitted, permitted) The party will be next Sunday, weather permitting. Smoking is not permitted. let (let, let) She didn't let his son go out that night. Let him go to the party! He was allowed to go to the party. Related words and expressions allowance: money given to somebody regularly. make allowance for something: consider something when making a decision. permit: official document that gives somebody the right to do something. permission: act of allowing somebody to do something.

Key Allude means to mention something or someone indirectly. Elude means to escape from something or someone, to evade. Allude significa mencionar algo o a alguien indirectamente. Elude significa escapar de algo o alguien, evadir. allude The candidate alluded to the recent scandal during the interview. (=He talked about it indirectly.) He didn't want to say who was fighting, but he alluded to our children. Some parts of the New Testament allude to parts of the Old Testament. elude The candidate eluded the recent scandal during the interview. (=He didn't talk about it.) The actress eluded her fans by going out through the back door. They eluded the teacher and ran away to the street.

Key

Amount is used to refer to a quantity of something uncountable. Number is used to refer to things or people that can be counted. The expression "a number of..." is followed by the verb in plural. Amount se usa para referirse a la cantidad de algo incontable. Number se usa para referirse a cosas o personas que pueden ser contadas. La expresin "a number of..." va seguida de un verbo en plural. amount She inherited a considerable amount of money. We spent the same amount of time in France and Germany. You should pay the full amount by the end of the month. number A growing number of people are studying Spanish. Our boss came with a number of creative ideas this morning. A large number of questions have been answered by the police.

Key We use as - to talk about the role of somebody/something. Example: He works as a computer programmer. (He is one.) - to mean 'in the same way'. It's followed by a subject and a verb. Examples: You think as your father did. Our store will open on 25 December, as we usually do. We use like - to talk about similarity. Example: He uses the computer like a computer programmer (but he's not one). - to mean 'in the same way'. It's followed by an object, or by a subject and a verb. Examples: You think like your father. Our store will open on 25 December, like we usually do. Usamos as - para hablar sobre el rol de alguien/algo. Ejemplo: He works as a computer programmer. (He is one.) - para decir 'de la misma manera'. Va seguido de un sujeto y verbo. Ejemplos: You think as your father did. Our store will open on 25 December, as we usually do. Usamos like - para hablar sobre una similitud. Ejemplo: He uses the computer like a computer programmer (but he's not one). - para decir 'de la misma manera'. Va seguido de un objeto, o de un sujeto y un verbo. Ejemplos: You think like your father. Our store will open on 25 December, like we usually do. as She works as a tourist guide. (She is one.) You look as you brother did when he was your age. like She knows the place like a tourist guide (but she's not one.) You look like your brother.

Key Ascent is a noun that means "the act of climbing or moving upwards". Assent is a noun that means "agreement or approval". As a verb, to assent means "to agree". Ascent es un sustantivo que significa "la accin de escalar o ir hacia arriba". Assent es un sustantivo que significa "acuerdo o aprobacin". Como verbo, to assent significa "estar de acuerdo". ascent He made his first ascent of the Everest five years ago. Be careful, the ascent is really steep there. The President's ascent to power took place last January. assent Parliament gave its assent to the new tax regulations. They assented to her request to work part-time. After thinking about it, he finally assented to her idea of moving.

Key Award refers to an official prize given to someone for something he has done. Reward refers to something given to someone because he has done something good or helpful. Award se refiere a un premio oficial otorgado a alguien por algo que ha hecho. Reward se refiere a algo otorgado a alguien porque ha hecho algo bueno o til. award She has received an award as Teacher of the Month. Last year's award was given to Dr. Smith. Stay at our award-winning hotel and enjoy your stay! reward His mother has given him a reward for passing all the exams. Our school has a system of rewards to encourage hard work. A reward of $100,000 has been offered for giving the police information about the criminal.

Key Bend means to make or become curved, no longer straight. Fold means the same but implies that surfaces touch. Bend significa hacer curvo o encorvar, no quedar derecho. Fold significa lo mismo pero implica que las superficies se tocan. bend (bent, bent) He bent the wire with his hands. She bent down to pick up the coins. The branches of that tree are bending towards the road. fold (folded, folded) This table folds up so it's easier to carry. Please fold your clothes, kids! Fold the paper along the dotted line. Collocations: A road bends. You can bend your knees. A table/chair folds up. You can fold paper/your arms/clothes.

Key Beside is a preposition that means 'next to', 'at the side of'. Besides is a preposition that means 'in addition to', 'apart from'. Besides is also an adverb that means 'in addition', 'also'. Beside es una preposicin que significa 'prximo a', 'al lado de'. Besides es una preposicin que significa 'adems de', 'aparte de'. Besides es tambin un adverbio que significa 'adems', 'tambin'. beside You should sit beside your brother. The cinema is beside the supermarket. besides (preposition) The film was too boring, besides being too long. No one talked to her besides her mother. besides (adverb) The film was too boring. Besides, it was too long. She works all day. Besides, she has to do the housework.

Key You borrow things from the owner. The owner lends you things / lends things to you. T tomas prestado (borrow) cosas del dueo. El dueo te presta (lends) cosas a ti. borrow (borrowed, borrowed) I borrowed this book from my brother. (The owner of the book is my brother, I just took it for a determined period of time). That kid is always borrowing from his friends. lend (lent, lent) My brother lent me this book. (He is the owner of the book, and he gave it to me for a determined period of time). Banks usually lend money.

Key Brake means to make a vehicle go more slowly or stop. As a noun, it refers to the piece of equipment that has that function. Break means to separate into pieces, to damage, to smash something. As a noun, it refers to a period of time when you stop working in order to rest. Brake significa hacer que un vehculo vaya ms despacio o se detenga. Como sustantivo, se refiere al equipamiento que tiene dicha funcin. Break significa separar en pedazos, daar, destrozar algo. Como sustantivo, se refiere a un perodo de tiempo cuando dejas de trabajar para descansar. brake (braked, braked) He braked sharply to avoid the cat. The driver braked but couldn't stop the bus in time. The rear brakes are not working correctly. break (broke, broken) He forgot his keys so he had to break a window to get into his house. Stop playing with my camera, you'll break it! Let's take a break and go for lunch.

Key Breath is a noun that refers to "the air that you take into or out of the lungs". Breathe is a verb than means "to take air into the lungs and send it out again". Breath es un sustantivo que se refiere al "aire que haces ingresar o salir de los pulmones". Breathe es un verbo que significa "ingresar aire a los pulmones y luego sacarlo". breath Let your breath out when you go down. She's got bad breath. She smelled the wine on his boyfriend's breath. breathe Relax and breathe deeply. Help me, I can't breathe! It was difficult to breathe because there was a lot of smoke.

Key Bring means to come with something/somebody to the place where you are or the place that you are talking about. Fetch means to go to a place and come back with something/someone. Bring significa venir con algo/alguien al lugar donde t ests o al lugar del que ests hablando. Fetch significa ir a un lugar y volver con algo/alguien. bring Don't forget to bring a sweater. Will you please bring me a glass of wine? What should I bring to the party tomorrow? fetch Please go upstairs to fetch a sweater. Will you please fetch the kids from school? He got up and fetched a cup of tea for his wife.

Key Canvas is a noun that refers to the strong cloth on which a painting is done. It also means the cloth used to make bags or tents. Canvass is a verb that means to ask somebody's opinion or suggestion. Canvas es un sustantivo que se refiere a la tela dura sobre la cual se pinta un cuadro. Tambin significa la tela usada para fabricar bolsos o carpas (tiendas de campaa). Canvass es un verbo que significa pedir a alguien una opinin o sugerencia. canvas He always carries a canvas to paint near the river. On this gallery you will see a famous canvas by Monet. This bag is made of a strong canvas. canvass Police canvassed the district searching for information. The mayor decided to canvass all neighbours about their needs. Politicians always canvass support during their campaigns.

Key The verb to check means to find out if something is correct or in good condition. The verb to control means to limit something or make something/someone do what you want. El verbo to check significa averiguar si algo es correcto o est en buenas condiciones. El verbo to control significa limitar algo o hacer que algo/alguien haga lo que t deseas. check (checked, checked) Check the quality before you buy. Please check if the potatoes are cooked. Let me check if the kids are fine. control (controlled, controlled) The government presented a plan to control inflation. Police had to control the crowd. He took a deep breath to control his anger.

Key Close and shut have the same meaning, but close is more formal than shut. Lock means to close/shut with a key, padlock or bolt. Close y shut tienen el mismo significado, pero close es ms formal que shut. Lock significa cerrar con llave, candado o cerrojo. close (closed, closed) Close the door, please! All the shops here close on Sundays. shut (shut, shut) Shut the door, please! Did you remember to shut the gate? Don't shut yourself in your room. lock (locked, locked) Lock the door, please! Did you remember to lock the gate?

Key Clothes means "the things that people wear to cover their body". It's always used in plural. To refer to only one thing, we say a piece/item/article of clothing. Cloth means "the material used for making clothes". Clothes significa "las cosas que la gente usa para cubrirse el cuerpo". Siempre se usa en plural. Para referirse a solamente un objeto, se dice a piece/item/article of clothing. Cloth significa "el material usado para fabricar la ropa". clothes I had a shower and put on clean clothes. She went shopping for new clothes but only got one piece of clothing. Do you like wearing casual clothes? cloth This shirt is made from fine cotton cloth. My suit is made from woollen cloth. That is a dress of the finest silk cloth.

Key Could is used to talk about a general ability in the past. Was able to is used to talk about an ability on a specific occasion in the past. Could se usa para hablar de una habilidad general en el pasado. Was able to se usa para hablar de una habilidad en una ocasin especfica del pasado. could When John was 16, he could already drive. At the age of seven, Lisa could already speak three languages. Matt was very smart, he could beat anybody in his class. was able to John got lost but he was able to get back home by taxi. When Lisa was in France, she was able to talk with the locals in French. In the final test, Matt was able to get the best score.

Key Desert refers to a large area where it's always hot and dry. Dessert refers to the sweet food served after a main meal. Desert se refiere a un rea extensa donde siempre hace calor y hay sequa. Dessert se refiere a la comida dulce servida despus del plato principal. desert This part of the country is mostly desert. We crossed the Sahara Desert on camel. The rally comes through the desert before arriving to Dakar. dessert For dessert I'd like to have apple pie. After the meal she served the dessert. Desserts are always expensive at this restaurant.

Key Do relates to general actions. Make relates to causing or creating something. However, it's better to learn the fixed expressions. Do se refiere a acciones generales. Make se refiere a causar o crear algo. Sin embargo, es mejor aprender las expresiones fijas. do (did, done) You have to do these exercises for tomorrow. I want you to do these exercises for tomorrow. This won't do you any harm. make (made, made) I've made a cake. I'd like to make you an offer. He made me read that book. I was made to read that book. Common expressions You do...

a favour a job a service an exercise an operation business with somebody crosswords damage evil harm justice military service something for a living the dishes the ironing the cooking the shopping the washing your homework your best/worst your duty your teeth You make... a change a choice a complaint a decision a demand a discovery a fortune a fuss about something a guess a journey a mess a mistake a noise a profit/loss a report a request a speech a treaty with somebody a trip an appointment an arrangement an effort an excuse for something an offer breakfast/lunch/dinner certain of/about something enquires friends with somebody fun of something good money peace with somebody progress room for something sure of something the bed

the best of something the most of something trouble for somebody your will war on somebody Related words and expressions do it yourself (or DIY): activity of making something oneself instead of employing others to do it. Eg. a do-it-yourself shop. do's and don'ts: rules. Eg. If you want to lose weight, here are some do's and don'ts. make (noun): brand. Eg. What make is your car? be the making of somebody: make somebody succeed. Eg. These four years of hard work will be the making of her.

Key Drive is used with vehicles of four or more wheels. You drive a car, a taxi, a bus, a lorry, a train. Ride is used with vehicles of two wheels, or with anything that we straddle. You ride a bike, a bicycle, a motorbike, a pony, a horse, a camel. It is also used with vehicles that you are not driving. Drive se usa con vehculos de cuatro o ms ruedas. You drive a car, a taxi, a bus, a lorry, a train. Ride se usa con vehculos de dos ruedas, o con lo que se monta. You ride a bike, a bicycle, a motorbike, a pony, a horse, a camel. Tambin se usa con vehculos que no ests conduciendo t. drive (drove, driven) He lives in New York, where he drives a taxi. Can you drive a lorry? You need a special license to drive a bus. ride (rode, ridden) I have never learned how to ride a bike. When I was in Africa, I rode a camel. It's very easy to ride a horse. Notice the difference: If you drive a train, you are the driver. If you ride a train, you are a passenger. If you drive a bus, you are the driver. If you ride a bus, you are a passenger.

Key During is a preposition and it's always followed by a noun. While is a linking word and it's always followed by a clause. During es una preposicin y siempre va seguida de un sustantivo. While es un conector y siempre va seguido de una oracin subordinada. during She usually watches TV during lunch. You should take notes during the conference. We went to the theatre during our stay in Paris. while She usually watches TV while she's having lunch. Joe invited his friends home while his parents were on holiday. Your sister called you while you were at work.