Different types of leakages what kind is yours?

1. OOZING - This means the water gushing from the earths crust due to puncturing of the source of water. This can be attended either by diverting the route of water by yhe way of caouflaging it with stone cladding or by polymer concreting with or withouy laminates. 2. SEEPING This is due to veins in concrete or due to honeycombs Ingress of mositure in the building through veins etc and its movement within the body of structure is called seepage. 3. DAMPNESS The seeped water creates wetness in the surgace of structure which is termed as dampness. 4. LEAKING When the intensity of moisture ingress increases and water starts dripping from the structure, it is termed as leakage. 5. SWEATING This is again a leakage of lower magnitude. 6. POURING Water pours down due to big honeycombs or cracks in structure. Is is controlled by using polymerized putty followed by sealing with loca screed or impregnation.

Objective of leakage control:

The overall objective of leakage control is to diagnose how water loss is caused and to formulate and implement action to reduce it to technically and economically acceptable minimum. Specifically the objectives are : To reduce losses to an acceptable minimum. To meet additional demands with water made available from reduced losses thereby saving in cost of additional production and distribution. To give consumer satisfaction. To augment revenue from the sale of water saved.

Water losses: The water losses can be termed into two categories. 1. Physical losses (Technical losses) 2. Non-physical losses (Non-technical losses/Commercial losses) Physical losses (technical losses): This is mainly due to leakage of water in the net work and comprises of physical losses from pipes, joints & fittings, reservoirs & overflows of reservoirs & sumps. Non-physical losses (Non-Technical losses): Theft of water through illegal, already disconnected connections, under-billing either deliberately or through defective meters, water wasted by consumer through open or leaky taps, errors in estimating flat rate consumption, public stand posts and hydrants. Leakage Detection and monitoring: The major activities in the leak detection work in the distribution system: Preliminary data collection and planning. Pipe location and survey. Assessment of pressure and flows. Locating the leaks. Assessment of leakage.

Types of Leaks There are different types of leaks, including service line leaks, and valve leaks, but in most cases, the largest portion of unaccounted-for water is lost through leaks in supply lines. There are many possible causes of leaks, and often a combination of factors leads to their occurrence. The material, composition, age, and joining methods of the distribution system components can influence leak occurrence. Another related factor is the quality of the initial installation of distribution system components. Water conditions are also a factor, including temperature, velocity, and pressure. External conditions, such as stray electric current; contact with other structures; and stress from traffic vibrations, frost loads, and freezing soil around a pipe can also contribute to leaks.

Underground Leaks The underground piping on either side of a water meter should be maintained. Leaks in underground plumbing can be caused by many different factors, including rusting through from age or from stray electric currents from other underground utilities that can prematurely rust metallic piping, driving over piping with heavy trucks or equipment, poor initial installation, freezing and thawing of a pipeline, 5 leaking joints or valves, or transient high pressure events such as opening and closing valves or starting and stopping pumps quickly. Signs of underground leaks include: Unusually wet spots in landscaped areas and/or water pooling on the ground surface. An area that is green, moldy, soft, or mossy surrounded by drier conditions. A notable drop in water pressure/flow volume. A sudden problem with rusty water or dirt or air in the water supply (there are other causes for this besides a leak). A portion of an irrigated area is suddenly brown/dead/dying when it used to be thriving (water pressure is too low to enable distant heads to pop up properly). Heaving or cracking of paved areas. Sink holes or potholes. Uneven floor grade or leaning of a structure. Unexplained sudden increase in water use, consistently high water use, or water use that has been climbing at a fairly steady rate for several billing cycles. If any of these conditions exist at a property, there may be a leak. If a leak is suspected, a professional leak detection company may be required to pinpoint its exact location and a contractor hired to perform repairs. There are leak detection service companies listed in the yellow pages. Any utility contractor should be able to repair a leak once the location is known.