Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources: Attendees of the Convention of Aguascalientes. Manifesto of the Convention of Aguascalientes. Aguascalientes: 6 Nov, 1914.

Print. The manifesto that was written among many documents at the pivotal Convention of Aguascalientes. It explains the priority of the convention to do away with any and all dictatorships and that they sought to re-establish and maintain a constitutional republic. Carranza Killed by Own Bodyguard. Tulsa Daily World. 23 May, 1920. Print. The front page news story, cataloguing the event that brought about the end of the Mexican Revolution from an American perspective on the Revolution. Carranza, Venustiano. Telegram to the Convention Aguascalientes. 8 Nov, 1914. Print. Carranza's telegram to the Convention in which he expressed his displeasure at the goals set by the supporters of Villa and Zapata. It helps explain the ideological differences that existed between the "big four" and foreshadows the ensuing conflict between them. Carranza, Venustiano. The Plan of Guadalupe. Guadalupe: 23 Mar, 1913. Print. Carranza's original Plan of Guadalupe, drafted in response to Huerta's illegitimate overthrow of Madero. Provides insight into Carranza and the Constitutionalists' goals in the Revolution and how it ignited the revolt against Huerta. Constituent Congress of 1917. The Constitution of Mexico of 1917. Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro, 1917. Print. The document that finally embodied the ideals that the Mexican people had fought for and though, it didn't end the Revolution, it did lay a solid foundation for the future governance of the nation. Economic opportunity, social equality, land reform, and other rights are set forth in the Constitution being in the end the largest results of the major turning point of the Mexican Revolution. Diaz, Porfirio. Interview with James Creelman. 17 Feb, 1908. Print. Diaz's 1908 interview with American reporter James Creelman revealed just how friendly foreign nations were with his regime. The interview is important in that despite the fact that in the interview, Diaz announced he would step down as president, welcome opposition and allow free elections, in the election of 1910 he went back on all of those promises. Diaz Resigns Presidency of Mexico and Tumult. The Bisbee Daily Review 25 May 1911. Print. American front page news story proclaiming Diaz's resignation as president following the 1910 revolution against his government following Madero's call to action. Huerta Quits Office and Flees in Auto as Carbajal Goes to National Palace as President. New York Tribune. 16 Jul, 1914. Print. Front page newspaper story from the United States telling of Huerta's speedy resignation from office following the collapse of his regime at the hands of the Constitutionalists. Madero, Francisco. The Plan of San Luis Potosi. San Luis Potosi, SLP: 5 Oct, 1910. Print.

The document that ignited the first stage of the Revolution. Madero's plan called for the removal of Diaz and a return to constitutional democracy. The outcry from which was immediate and was the first in a long chain of plans calling for the removal of a government from power. Madero, Francisco. The Presidential Secession in 1910. San Pedro, Coahuila, 1908. Print. Madero's contribution to a plethora of literature critical to the government and calling for a return to democracy after Diaz's announcement his alleged resignation in 1908. Of all of the articles, Madero's was the most popular and widely read and by far had the most profound impact in the initial revolt against the government. Obregon, Alvaro and supporters. Plan of Agua Prieta. Agua Prieta, Sonora; 23 Apr, 1920. Print. Obregon and his supporters' plan, the last of the Revolution, calling for the removal of Carranza form similar reasons as had been done before by others. Namely, due to the fact that Carranza was becoming ever more like a dictator and refusing to allow totally free elections where Obregon would have certainly won. President Orders Pershing to Invade Mexico. San Francisco Chronicle. 11 Mar, 1916. Print. The initial shock of Villa's raid on Columbus was outrage in the United States and President Wilson spared no time sending a military force into Mexico after him. This front page story conveys that perspective and tells of Pershing's command of the US Expeditionary Force. The Storm that Swept Mexico. Dir. Ray Telles. Paradigm Productions: 15 May 2011. Film. A brilliantly informative and descriptive documentary going into great depth about all areas of the Revolution. The primary source of this comes from an interview with a surviving member of Emiliano Zapata's army from Morelos and his account of the situation during the Revolution. Villa Army Kills 16 Americans in Raid on United States Town. The Evening World. 9 Mar, 1916. Print. Front page news story proclaiming the shock of a Mexican revolutionary invading US soil and killing American citizens. The US had never been attacked in such away and the results of such would cause an American expedition to Mexico. Villa, Nava Earnesto. Interview with Paul Rienteria. From the film Pancho Villas Last Son: 20 Nov, 2009. Film. An interview with Earnesto Nava Villa, who, according to him is Pancho Villa's last son as he recounts his experiences from the time. Villa, Poncho. Letter. Letter to Chazaro Francisco Lagos: 3 Sep, 1915. Print. A letter from Villa to one of his generals telling of his plan to remove Carranza from power and establish a new government. It does much to further explain his plans to go against Carranza and refers to him as a "dictator." Villa, Poncho. Manifesto to the People of Mexico. 22 Sep, 1914. Print. Villa's manifesto following the Convention of Aguascalientes explaining call to arms against Carranza's government and the reasons why Carranza's regime would create "public misery." It helped in gaining Villa support who, after the fighting began, quickly became the most powerful of the "big four." Zapata, Emiliano. Letter. Letter from Emiliano Zapata to President Wilson: 23 Aug, 1914. Print.

Zapata's letter to President Wilson asking for US support of his cause and expressing the reasons for the revolution that he led against Madero and why he continued to fight on. This letter goes into detail how the conditions for the poor of Mexico during Diaz's regime were simply deplorable and how he was fighting a just war for his ideals. Zapata, Emiliano. The Plan of Ayala. Ayala, Morelos: 25 Nov, 1911. Print. Zapata's plan proclaiming his feeling of betrayal from Madero at his failure to provide adequate land reform and other changes that Zapata felt the true cause of the Revolution had been for. Though it didn't cause a major uproar against Madero, it personifies Zapata's strong ideology and his determination to fight for what he believed was right. Zimmermann, Arthur. Zimmermann Telegram. 16 Jan, 1917. Print. The controversial telegram sent to Mexico from Germany offering a return of lands lost during the Mexican Cession in exchange for Mexico invading the US to prevent it from declaring war against Germany. Though briefly considered by Carranza, the logistical implications proved to be implausible for Mexico and the telegram was promptly rejected though it furthered US suspicion against Germany. Secondary Sources: Alvaro Obregon. The Storm That Swept Mexico. PBS, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. An extremely well detailed page on Alvaro Obregon and his role in the Revolution published by the producers of the documentary, The Storm That Swept Mexico. Azuela, Mariano. The Underdogs: A Novel of the Mexican Revolution. New York: Penguin, 2008. Print. Though a novel telling the story of fictional characters, the gist of the novel reveals a wellwritten and accurate, while at the same time intimate account of realistic experiences during the Revolution. It's personal perspectives offer an idea of how it would have been like to be a frustrated peasant at the time of the early stages of the Revolution. Brenner, Anita. The Wind That Swept Mexico: The History of the Mexican Revolution of 1910 to 1942. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1984. Print. One of the first books to examine the causes and effects of the Mexican Revolution and goes into detail of the history of the nation from the time of the initial Revolution until Mexico's entry into the Second World War. Consular, Jaceta. The Mexican Revolution 1910. Mexconnect, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. A clear and well written article describing the early stages of the Revolution. Puts many things into perspective very well. Cummings, Joe. Francisco Pancho Villa. Mexconnect, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. Informative article about Pancho Villa and his revolutionary legacy. Easterling, Stewart. The Mexican Revolution: A Short History 1910 to 1920. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2013. Print. Examines the still existing controversy over the effects of the Mexican Revolution and its impact on Mexican society. In doing so, it connects this to the major events and turning points of the Revolution.

Emiliano Zapata: Hero of the Mexican Revolution. Mexonline.com, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. Informative article on Emiliano Zapata and his idealistic leadership during the Revolution. Emiliano Zapata. The Storm That Swept Mexico. PBS, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. Very extensive and detailed article by the producers of The Storm That Swept Mexico. It does much to convey Zapata's strong belief in reform and rights for the poor peasants of Mexico as well as his important role in the Revolution. Francisco Madero. Biography.com. Bio, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. Informative article about Madero's major role in starting the Revolution and his presidency. Francisco Madero. The Storm That Swept Mexico. PBS, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. From the producers of The Storm That Swept Mexico, this very detailed article does much to describe Madero's importance in the Revolution. Francisco Pancho Villa. The Storm That Swept Mexico. PBS, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. From the producers of The Storm That Swept Mexico, Villa's role in the Revolution is examined in depth and a lot of information about his importance is provided. Gonzales, Michael J. The Mexican Revolution: 1910 to 1940. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2002. Print. Examines in-depth the causes of the Revolution and the condition of the people under the Diaz regime. It also relates the key figures and their accomplishments and the effects they had on the outcome of the Revolution. Hart, John Mason. Revolutionary Mexico: The Coming and Process of the Mexican Revolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987. Print. An insightful book that examines the causes and key points of the Mexican Revolution and its effects on the nation. Henry Lane Wilson. The Storm That Swept Mexico. PBS, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. From the producers of The Storm That Swept Mexico, a great and detailed page on US ambassador Henry Lane Wilson and his support of the Diaz regime as well as his help in coordinating the overthrow of Madero. John J. Pershing. The Storm That Swept Mexico. PBS, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. Great and descriptive page on General John Pershing and his expedition to find Pancho Villa. Published by the producers of The Storm That Swept Mexico. Jowett, Phillip. The Mexican Revolution 1910 to 1920. New York: Osprey Publishing, 2006. Print. Delving deep into the inter-workings of the Revolutions, this book informs on the various factions, weapons used and other details. Doing this, it offers a more insightful look into how the Revolution looked like and how it played out. McLynn, Frank. Villa and Zapata: A History of the Mexican Revolution. New York: Carol & Graff Publishers, 2000. Print. Villa and Zapata's role in the Revolution and their subsequent statuses as folk legend and hero of the common man are examined in-depth in this book. It catalogues their impact on the way of

thinking of the Mexican people and how they affected the outcome of the Revolution as well as how their real-life actions contributed to their fame. Mexican Revolution. Texas State Historical Association. Web. 16 Apr, 2013. Informative article about the causes of the Revolution, the key figures and the Revolution's longterm effects on Mexico politically, socially and economically. Pascual Orozco. The Storm That Swept Mexico. PBS, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. From the producers of The Storm That Swept Mexico, a great and informative article about Pasucal Orozco's role in the early part of the Revolution. Plutarco Elias Callas. The Storm That Swept Mexico. PBS, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. A detailed and informative article on Plutarco Callas's role in the Revolution as one of Obregon's main supporters and his subsequent presidency that led to the Cristero War of 1926-29. Porfirio Diaz. The Storm That Swept Mexico. PBS, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. Informative and well-written article about Diaz and his regime and the conditions suffered under him that ignited the start of the Revolution. Quesada, Alejandro. The Hunt for Pancho Villa- The Columbus Raid and Pershings Punitive Expedition 1916 to 1917. New York: Osprey Publishing, 2012. Print. This book provides a historical narrative on Villa's raid on Columbus and Pershing's pursuit of him into Mexico. As well as providing good historical information, the book goes into examining Villa's possible motivations for the raid, a topic that has been contested and debated about for almost a century. Red Dead Redemption. Rockstar Games: 2010. Played in the summer of 2012. Though a fictional video game, it takes place in 1911 and in one section of the game the protagonist ventures into Mexico amid the start of the Revolution. It is quite immersive in that it allows the player to fight alongside rebel forces resembling Villistas against the federal army giving one a good sense of what it was like to fight and use the weapons of the time in the Revolution. Steinbeck, John. Zapata. New York: Penguin, 1993. Print. This book examines Zapata's role in the Revolution as well as his ideals and talks about how it plays in to the film Viva Zapata!, which was also written by Steinbeck. The Mexican Revolution of 1910. Mexonline.com, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. Helpful and clear-cut article giving good points and details about the causes and effects as well as the key figures of the Revolution. The Storm that Swept Mexico. Dir. Ray Telles. Paradigm Productions: 15 May 2011. Film. The majority of this excellent and very informative documentary is historical information, footage and videos. It catalogues the entire Revolution from the beginnings of the Porfiriato as well into the examining the effects it had on the nation. Interviews from historians and excellent detail made this one of our greatest sources. U.S. Army Campaigns Mexican Expedition. History.army.mil, U.S. Army Center Military History, Web. 16 Apr, 2013.

An article on an army museum website explaining the Mexican Expedition. It examines its causes as well as its successes and failures and talks about battles and clashes that occurred during the expedition. Venusiano Carranza. The Storm That Swept Mexico. PBS, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. Informative and well detailed article about Venustiano Carranza's key role in the Revolution and how his presidency marked a major turning point. Victoriano Huerta. The Storm That Swept Mexico. PBS, Web. 16 Apr, 2013. Detailed article on Victoriano Huerta and his extremely unpopular regime as well as the role he played in the Revolution. Womack, John. Zapata and the Mexican Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knoph, Inc., 1968. Print. Very well detailed and insightful book on Emiliano Zapata, his ideology and key role in the Revolution. It examines everything from his humble beginnings in Morelos to his fighting alongside Pancho Villa against Carranza as well as his lasting impact on the ideals of many people in southern Mexico to this day.