A H M 531

Center of Pressure

By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

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A H M 531

Center of Pressure

By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

Objective:
The objective is to locate the center of pressure and to compare the theoretical and experimental values. THEORY :
The magnitude of the total hydrostatic pressure force ( f ) will be given by : F = P . A = .g .hc.g . A ( 1 ) Where : A = area of immersed surface hc.g = center of area ( gravity ) = density of fluid g : acceleration due to gravity the center of pressure is at a point whose distance below the centroid is given by the formula : hc.p hc.g = ( 1 / A. hc.g) .. ( 2 ) where : hc.g = center of pressure I = second moment area or moment of inertia There are two interval of immersion :

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A H M 531

Center of Pressure

By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

Graphical procedure :

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A H M 531

Center of Pressure

By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

procedure :
1. 2. 3. 4. Measure the constant dimensions ( a ,b & L ) shown in the diagram, these values will not change . Put the load and add water to the tank until the arm is completely horizontal by noticing the air bubble in the top of the water and take the vernier reading . add more loads and repeat the previous procedure each time. Take the values of ( Y ) ( the depth of immersion @ which balance is restored ) using the vernier gage each time .

Calculation :
Mass (gm) 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Depth (mm) 45.00 66 82 96.1 Y=d 110.1 123.0 136.2 hc.g ( mm ) F(N) hc.p ( exp .) hcp ( theor. ) 22.5 0.745 0.043 0.03 33 1.6 0.0499 0.044 41 2.474 0.060 0.055 48.05 3.39 0.0697 0.0641 The starting of fully immersion .. 60.1 4.42 0.0766 0.07397 73.0 5.371 0.0874 0.0959 86.2 6.342 .0986 0.0959

Sample of calculation :
A) for partially immersion : ( Y < d ) Select Y = 45 mm @ m = 50 gm 1 ) Theory value : A = b x Y = 0.075 x 0.045 =0.003375 m2 h c.g = ( Y / 2) = ( 45 / 2 ) = 22.5 mm I = (bY3 /12 ) = 5.69 x 10-7 mm4 Put it in formula ( 2 ) hc.p = ( 2/ 3 )Y = (2/3) x 0.045 = 0.03 m 2 ) Experiment value : F = P . A = .g .h c.g . A = 1000 X 9.81 X 0.0225 X( 0.075 X 0.045 ) = 0.745 N hc.p = M . g .L ( a + d Y ) = ( 0.05 X 9.81 X0.3 ) ( 0.1 + 0.1 0.045 ) = 0.043 F 0.745 B ) For full immersion : ( Y d ) : Select Y = 110.1 mm @ m = 250 gm 1 ) Theory value : A = b x d = 0.0075 m2 h c.g = ( Y ( d / 2) ) = 0.1101 ( 0.1 / 2) = 0.0601 m I = (bd3 /12 ) = (( 0.075 X 0.13 ) / ( 12 )) = 6.25 X 10-6 mm4 Put it in formula ( 2 )
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A H M 531

Center of Pressure

By: Mu'men Al-Otoom

hc.p = (d2) + hc.g = 0.07397 m 12hc.g 2 ) Experiment value : F = P . A = .g .h c.g . A = 1000 X 9.81 X 0.061 X ( 0.075 X 0.1 ) = 4.42 N hc.p = M . g .L ( a + d Y ) = ( 0. 25 X 9.81 X 0.3 ) (0.1 + 0.1 0.1101 ) = 0.07656 . F 4.42

Theoretical & Experimental center of pressure

400 300 200 100 0 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 Location of center of pressure = hc.g the weight which we use
5

The error sources are as follow:

1. Human errors: deciding that the water surface touched the bottom of the quadrant or not was took depending on naked eye. Also measuring Y is the same case, other human error is to decide that the arm is horizontal or not and that involves a small error. Neglecting the weight of balance arm and balance pan. There were some problems in the apparatus used: the valve was returning water back to source tank, also the water that filled the tank that contained the quadrant was not from source tank instead water was admitted using vessels doing this give us less control, since if a more water is added we can't remove it.

2. 3.

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