EXPERIMENT 1 CALORIMETRY

NEIL MARK ENRIQUEZ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES, DILIMAN, QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES
DATE PERFORMED: APRIL 18 2013 THU INSTRUCTORS NAME: CHARMINE ALCANTARA

ABSTRACT This document discusses the results and the question related to the topic of the experiment, given in a concise and straightforward format. The first experiments deals with Calorimetry and the evolution of heat from certain reactions along with the basic calculation of enthalpy. This aims to support the students in better understanding of the chemical thermodynamics. INTRODUCTION Calorimetry is the study directed towards the measurement of heat evolved from reactions and combustion.[1] In the experiment a Styrofoam ball with diameter greater than 6 was used to isolate the test tube with solution to measure the heat evolved by adding reactants together and the noting the change in temperature during the reaction. From the collected data samples we can then calculate the heat evolved (q) wit the heat flow equation. Calorimetry is widely used in manufacturing and can be evidently seen on the nutrition facts of almost all food products. The concept of heat flow exchange and enthalpy is an important foundation in the field of engineering degrees in the design of industrial and power plants.

Ionic Equation: H+ + Cl- (aq)+ Na+ + OH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) Net Ionic Equation: H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) qreaction = - (qwater + qbomb) where qwater = 4.18 J/(gC) x mwater x t H2O (l)

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. After obtaining values of Hrxn, explain any discrepancy of the values to the theoretical. Give some possible sources of errors. The possible sources of error is that the system is not totally adiabatic, one reason would be that heat can still escape the system to the surroundings.

CALCULATIONS Heat Flow: q = (specific heat) x m x t

Hrxn = Qrxn / mLR

Chemical Equation: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) + H2O (l)

NaCl(aq)

2. In the procedure for the determination of H, explain why it is important: a. That the total volume of the resulting solution be 15mL? The volume of the solution inside the test tube should not touch the stopper or overflow from the test tube from mixing. b. To know the exact concentrations of the reactants Concentration dictates the rate of reaction and thus release heat depending on the evolution of the products. c. To know the weight of the metal solids used? The weight is needed in creating the proper concentration of the mixture. 3. The neutralization of 200 mL of 0.5M HA by sufficient amount of NaOH evolves 6.0KJ of heat. a. Calculate the enthalpy change for the neutralization of 1 mole HA. b. Is HA a weak or strong acid? Justify your answer using thermochemical equations.

20mL of 0.450M CuSO4 and 0.264 g Zn(s) resulted to a temperature change of 8.83C. Prior to the analysis, the calorimeter was calibrated using the reaction between 15mL of the 2.0M HCl and 5mL of 2.0M NaOH, which brought about a temperature change of 5.60C a. Write the net ionic equation for the calibration reaction H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) H2O (l) b. Write the net ionic equation for the displacement reaction. SO42-(aq)+ Zn(s) ZnSO4(aq) c. Calculate Ccal.

d. Calculate the enthalpy change(per mole) for the displacement reaction.

c. Write the net ionic equation for the reaction between HA and NaOH. H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) (l) H2O

5. Given that the standard enthalpy of formation of liquid water, H f,H2O is 285 KJ/mol, calculate the Hf of OH(aq).

4. A calorimeter similar to your Styrofoam-ball calorimeter was used to determine the enthalpy can be associated with the reaction between Cu2+ and Zn(s). The reaction between

REFERENCES [1] Petrucci, R. ; et al, General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications 10ed, Pearson, 2010 [2] Wiki books, General Chemistry http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemi stry/Thermodynamics/Introduction (accessed April 22 2013)

APPENDIX Class Data Gathered during Calorimetry Experiment Group NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Trial 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 T (cal) 3.5 3 2.5 2 4 2 2 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.5 Ccal 79.71 93 103.3 139.5 69.75 139.5 139.5 79.71 79.71 111.6 111.6 102.3 132.9 111.6 111.6 111.6 Ave Ccal 86.36 121.4 104.6 109.6 95.66 107.45 122.25 111.6 T (analysis) 4 3.5 1.5 1.5 3 3 1.5 1.5 6 5.5 7 6.5 4 4 -0.02 -0.01