AK-47

AK-47
AK-47[1]

Standard AK-47 Type Placeoforigin Assault rifle Soviet Union

Service history
Inservice Usedby 1949present See Users

Production history
Designer Designed Manufacturer Produced Numberbuilt Mikhail Kalashnikov 19441947 Izhmash 19491959
[2]

approximately 75 million AK-47 [3][4] 100 million AK-type rifles See Variants

Variants

Specifications
Weight Length 4.78kg (10.5lb) with a loaded magazine, 880mm (35in) fixed wooden stock 875mm (34.4in) folding stock extended 645mm (25.4in) stock folded 415mm (16.3in)
[6] [6] [5]

AKM weight with unloaded magazine 3.1 Kg.

[6]

Barrellength Cartridge Action Rateoffire

7.6239mm M43/M67

[6]

Gas-operated, rotating bolt Cyclic rate of fire is 600 rounds/min [6] Semi-auto rate of fire is 40 rounds/min [6] Full-auto burst rate of fire is 100 rounds/min 715m/s (2,350ft/s)
[6][7] [8] [6]

Muzzlevelocity Effectiverange

350 metres (380yd)

AK-47

2
[6]

Feedsystem

Standard magazine capacity is 30 rounds. drum style magazines.

There are also 10, 20, 40, 75, or 100-round detachable box and
[6]

Sights

Adjustable iron sights with a 378mm (14.9in) sight radius: AK-47 has 100800meter adjustments [6] AKM has 1001000meter adjustments

The AK-47 is a selective-fire, gas-operated 7.6239mm assault rifle, first developed in the USSR by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is officially known as Avtomat Kalashnikova (Russian: ). It is also known as a Kalashnikov, an "AK", or in Russian slang, Kalash. Design work on the AK-47 began in the last year of World War II (1945). After the war in 1946, the AK-46 was presented for official military trials. In 1947 the fixed-stock version was introduced into active service with selected units of the Soviet Army. An early development of the design was the AKS (SSkladnoy or "folding"), which was equipped with an underfolding metal shoulder stock. In 1949, the AK-47 was officially accepted by the Soviet Armed Forces and used by the majority of the member states of the Warsaw Pact. The original AK-47 was one of the first true "assault rifles" to be manufactured, after the original Sturmgewehr 44.[9][10] Even after six decades the model and its variants remain the most widely used and popular assault rifles in the world because of their durability, low production cost, and ease of use. It has been manufactured in many countries and has seen service with armed forces as well as irregular forces worldwide. The AK-47 was the basis for developing many other types of individual and crew-served firearms. More AK-type rifles have been produced than all other assault rifles combined.[3]

History
Design
The Germans were the first to pioneer the assault rifle concept, during World War II, based upon research that showed that most firefights happen within 400 meters and that contemporary rifles were over-powered for most small arms combat.[11][12][13][14] The Germans sought to develop a select-fire intermediate powered rifle combining the firepower of a submachine gun with the accuracy and range of a rifle.[11][12][13][14] This was done by shortening the standard 7.9257mm cartridge to 7.9233mm and giving it a lighter 125 grain bullet, that limited range but allowed for more controllable automatic fire.[11][12][13][14] The result was the Sturmgewehr 44.[11][12][13][14] Like the Germans, the Soviets were influenced by experience showing most combat happens within 400 meters and that their soldiers were consistently outgunned by heavily armed German troops, especially those armed with the Sturmgewehr 44 assault rifles.[15][16] The Soviets were so impressed with the Sturmgewehr 44, that after World War II, they held a design competition to develop an assault rifle of their own.[17][18] The winner was the AK-47.[13] Mikhail Kalashnikov began his career as a weapon designer while in a hospital after he was shot in the shoulder during the Battle of Bryansk.[19] After tinkering with a submachine gun design, he entered a competition for a new weapon that would chamber the 7.62x41mm cartridge developed by Elisarov and Semin in 1943 (the 7.62x41mm cartridge predated the current 7.6239mm M1943). A particular requirement of the competition was the reliability of the firearm in the muddy, wet, and frozen conditions of the Soviet front line. Kalashnikov designed a carbine, strongly influenced by the American M1 Garand, that lost out to the Simonov design (scaled down PTRS-41), that later became the SKS semi-automatic carbine. At the same time, the Soviet Army was interested in developing a true assault rifle employing a shortened M1943 round. The first such weapon was presented by Sudayev in 1944, but trials found it to be too heavy.[20] A new design competition was held two years later where Kalashnikov and his design team submitted an entry. It was a gas-operated rifle which had a breech-block mechanism similar to his 1944 carbine, and a curved 30-round magazine.

AK-47 Kalashnikov's rifles (codenamed AK-1 and 2) proved to be reliable and the weapon was accepted to second round of competition along with designs by A.A Demetev and F. Bulkin. In late 1946, as the rifles were being tested, one of Kalashnikov's assistants, Aleksandr Zaytsev, suggested a major redesign of AK-1, particularly to improve reliability. At first, Kalashnikov was reluctant, given that their rifle had already fared better than its competitors. Eventually, however, Zaytsev managed to persuade Kalashnikov. The new rifle was produced for a second round of firing tests and field trials. There, Kalashnikov assault rifle model 1947 proved to be simple and reliable under a wide range of conditions with convenient handling characteristics. Production began on 6 July 1947,[21] and in 1949 it was adopted by the Soviet Army as "7.62mm Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK)".[22] The AK-47 is best described as a hybrid of previous rifle technology innovations: the trigger, double locking lugs and unlocking raceway of the M1 Garand/M1 carbine,[23] the safety mechanism of the John Browning designed Remington Model 8 rifle,[24] and the gas system and layout of the Sturmgewehr 44. Kalashnikov's team had access to all of these weapons and had no need to "reinvent the wheel",[25][26] though he denied that his design was based on the German Sturmgewehr 44 assault rifle.[27] Kalashnikov himself observed: "A lot of Russian Army soldiers ask me how one can become a constructor, and how new weaponry is designed. These are very difficult questions. Each designer seems to have his own paths, his own successes and failures. But one thing is clear: before attempting to create something new, it is vital to have a good appreciation of everything that already exists in this field. I myself have had many experiences confirming this to be so."[28] There are claims about Kalashnikov copying other designs, like Bulgina's Tkb-415[29] or Simonov's AVS-31[30]

Receiver development
There were many difficulties during the initial phase of production. The first production models had stamped sheet metal receivers. Difficulties were encountered in welding the guide and ejector rails, causing high rejection rates.[31] Instead of halting production, a heavy machined receiver was substituted for the sheet metal receiver. This was a more costly process, but the use of machined receivers accelerated production as tooling and labor for the earlier Mosin-Nagant rifle's machined receiver were easily adapted. Partly because of these problems, the Soviets were not able to distribute large numbers of the new rifle to soldiers until 1956. During this time, production of the interim SKS rifle continued.[32]

AKMS on a Type 4B receiver (top), with a Type 2A

Once manufacturing difficulties had been overcome, a redesigned version designated the AKM (M for "modernized" or "upgraded"in Russian: ( [Avtomat Kalashnikova Modernizirovanniy]) was introduced in 1959.[33] This A Type 2 AK-47, the first machined receiver new model used a stamped sheet metal receiver and featured a slanted variation muzzle brake on the end of the barrel to compensate for muzzle rise under recoil. In addition, a hammer retarder was added to prevent the weapon from firing out of battery (without the bolt being fully closed), during rapid or automatic fire.[34] This is also sometimes referred to as a "cyclic rate reducer", or simply "rate reducer", as it also has the effect of reducing the number of rounds fired per minute during automatic fire. It was also roughly one-third lighter than the previous model.[33] Both licensed and unlicensed production of the Kalashnikov weapons abroad were almost exclusively of the AKM variant, partially due to the much easier production of the stamped receiver. This model is the most commonly encountered, having been produced in much greater quantities. All rifles based on the Kalashnikov design

AK-47 are frequently referred to as AK-47s in the West, although this is only correct when applied to rifles based on the original three receiver types.[35] In most former Eastern Bloc countries, the weapon is known simply as the "Kalashnikov" or "AK". The photo above at right illustrates the differences between the Type 2 milled receiver and the Type 4 stamped, including the use of rivets rather than welds on the stamped receiver, as well as the placement of a small dimple above the magazine well for stabilization of the magazine. In 1974, the Soviets began replacing their AK-47 and AKM rifles with a newer design, the AK-74. This new rifle and cartridge had only started being exported to eastern European nations when the Soviet Union collapsed, drastically slowing production of this and other weapons of the former Soviet bloc.
Receiver type Type 1A/B Description

Original stamped receiver for AK-47. -1B modified for underfolding stock. A large hole is present on each side to accommodate the hardware for the underfolding stock. (this naming convention continues with all types) Milled from steel forging. "Final" version of the milled receiver, from steel bar stock. The most ubiquitous example of the milled-receiver AK-47. Stamped AKM receiver. Overall, the most-used design in the construction of the AK-series rifles.

Type 2A/B Type 3A/B Type 4A/B

Features
The main advantages of the Kalashnikov rifle are its simple design, fairly compact size, and adaptation to mass production. It is inexpensive to manufacture and easy to clean and maintain. Its ruggedness and reliability are legendary.[36] The AK-47 was initially designed for ease of operation and repair by glove-wearing Soviet soldiers in Arctic conditions. The large gas piston, generous clearances between moving parts, and tapered cartridge case design allow the gun to endure large amounts of foreign matter and fouling without failing to cycle. This reliability comes at the cost of accuracy, as the looser tolerances do not allow for precision and consistency. Reflecting Soviet infantry doctrine of its time, the rifle is meant to be part of massed infantry fire, not long range engagements. There are scores of variants of Kalashnikov assault rifles made in dozens of countries, far too numerous to address here. They all owe their roots to Mikhail Kalashnikov. Many are clones of varying quality ranging from finely engineered weapons to pieces of questionable workmanship. [37] As a result, the AK-47 has a service life of approximately 6,000[38] to 15,000[39] rounds.

An Afghan National Police instructor using a Type 56, a Chinese copy of the AK-47

The gas-operated mechanism of a Chinese AK-47

The bore and chamber, as well as the gas piston and the interior of the gas cylinder, are generally chromium-plated. This plating dramatically increases the life of these parts by resisting corrosion and wear. This is particularly important, as most military-production ammunition (and virtually all ammunition produced by the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact nations) during the 20th century contained potassium chlorate in the primers. On firing, this was converted to corrosive and

AK-47

hygroscopic potassium chloride which mandated frequent and thorough cleaning in order to prevent damage. Chrome plating of critical parts is now common on many modern military weapons.

Operating cycle
To fire, the operator inserts a loaded magazine, pulls back and releases the charging handle, and then pulls the trigger. In semi-automatic, the firearm fires only once, requiring the trigger to be released and depressed again for the next shot. In full-automatic, the rifle continues to fire automatically cycling fresh rounds into the chamber, until the magazine is exhausted or pressure is released from the trigger. As each bullet travels through the barrel, a portion of the gases expanding behind it is diverted into the gas tube above the barrel, where it impacts the gas piston. The piston, in turn, is driven backward, pushing the bolt carrier, which causes the bolt to move backwards, ejecting the spent round, and chambering a new round when the recoil spring pushes it forward.[40]
Viet Cong soldier stands beneath a Viet Cong

The gas operation uses what is known as a long-stroke, that is the flag carrying his AK-47 rifle. Note: fire selector, bolt handle and magazine lever. piston moves back into the receiver a long way, pushing the bolt carrier along. This contrasts most other gas operated rifles of the 20th century which used a short-stroke piston. Those designs have a piston that gives a single sharp blow to get the bolt group moving through transfer of momentum rather than pushing it all the way back. Rifles using that system are the commonly used FN FAL and AR-18, along with the derivatives of the latter such as the SA-80. The comparison is of importance because the FAL, and later the M16 have been the rifles which faced the Kalashnikov in battle throughout the 2nd half of the 20th century. In contrast to the AK, the gas system of the M16 does not use a piston at all.

Fire selector
The prototype of the AK-47, the AK-46, had a separate fire selector and safety.[41] These were later combined in the production version to simplify the design. The fire selector is a large lever located on the right side of the rifle, it acts as a dust-cover and prevents the charging handle from being pulled fully to the rear when it is on safe.[42] It is operated by the shooter's right fore-fingers and it has 3 settings: up = safe, center = full-auto and down = semi-auto.[42] The reason for this is, under stress a soldier will push the selector lever down with considerable force bypassing the full-auto stage and setting the rifle to semi-auto.[42] To set the AK-47 to full-auto requires the deliberate action of centering the selector lever.[42] Some AK-47 type rifles also have a small vertical selector lever on the left side of the receiver just above the pistol grip.[42] This lever is operated by the shooter's right thumb and has three settings: forward = safe, center = full-auto and backward = semi-auto.[42]

AK-47

Sights
The AK-47 has a 378mm (14.88inches) sight radius.[43] The AK-47 uses a notched rear tangent iron sight, it is adjustable and is calibrated in hundreds from 100 to 800 meters (100 to 1000 meters for AKM models).[44] The front sight is a post adjustable for elevation in the field. Windage adjustment is done by the armory before issue. The "fixed" battle setting can be used for all ranges up to 300 meters.[44][45] This "point-blank range" setting marked "",[45] allows the shooter to fire at close range targets without adjusting the sights. Longer range settings are intended for area suppression. These settings mirror the Rear sight of a Chinese Type 56 Mosin-Nagant and SKS rifles which the AK-47 replaced. Some AK Note: 100 to 800 meter settings type rifles have a front sight with a flip-up luminous dot that is calibrated at 50 meters, for improved night fighting.[44] All current AK-47s (100 series), have a side rail for mounting a variety of scopes and sighting devices, such as the PSO-1 Optical Sniper Sight.[46] However, their side folding stocks cannot be folded with the optics mounted.[47]

Ballistics
The standard AK-47 or AKM fires the 7.6239mm cartridge with a muzzle velocity of 715m/s.[7][48] Projectile weight is normally 8 g (123 grain). The AK-47 and AKM, with the 7.6239mm cartridge, have a battle range of around 350 metres (1,150ft).[8] The 7.6239mm cartridge produces significant wounding effects if the projectile tumbles in tissue;[49] but it produces relatively minor wounds when the projectile exits the body before beginning to yaw.[50][51]

Accuracy
The AK-47's accuracy has always been considered to be "good enough."[52][53][54] The milled AK-47s are capable of shooting 35 inch groups at 100 yards, whereas the stamped AKM's are capable of shooting 46 inch groups at 100 yards.[54] "There are advantages and disadvantages in both forged/milled receivers and stamped receivers. Milled/Forged Receivers are much more rigid, flexing less as the rifle is fired thus not hindering accuracy as much as stamped receivers. Stamped receivers on the other hand are a bit more rugged since it has some give in it and have less chances of having metal fatigue under heavy usage."[54] As a result, the newer stamped steel receiver AKM models are actually less accurate than their predecessors.[54]

United States Marine firing an AK-47. Note: empty shell cases in flight.

Magazines
A major but often overlooked factor in a firearm's reliability is the design of its magazine. The AK-47s magazine has a pronounced curve which allows it to smoothly feed ammunition into the chamber. Its heavy steel construction combined with "feed-lips" (the surfaces at the top of the magazine that control the angle at which the cartridge enters the chamber) machined from a single steel billet makes it highly resistant to damage. This makes the AK-47 magazine more reliable, although heavier than U.S. and NATO magazines. The steel AK-47 magazine weighs 0.38kg (0.84lb) empty[55] and has been replaced by a lighter steel-reinforced plastic magazine weighing 0.25kg (0.55lb) empty.[56] Most Yugoslavian and some East German AK magazines were made with cartridge followers that hold the bolt open when empty; however, most AK magazine followers allow the bolt to close when the

AK-47 magazine is empty.

Additional firepower
All current model AK-47 rifles can mount under-barrel 40mm grenade-launchers such as the GP-25, GP-30 & GP-34.[57] Which can fire up to 20 rounds per minute and have an effective range of up to 400 meters.[57] The main grenade is the VOG-25 fragmentation grenade which has a 6 meter lethality radius. The Zastava M70s (AKM type rifle) also have a grenade-launching sight and gas cut-off on the gas block, and are capable of launching rifle-grenades. To launch them a 22mm diameter grenade launching adapter is screwed on in place of the slant brake or other muzzle device.[58] The AK-47 can also mount a (rarely used) cup-type grenade-launcher that fires standard RGD-5 Soviet hand-grenades.[59] The soup-can shaped launcher is screwed onto to AK-47s muzzle.[59][60] To fire first, insert a standard RGD-5 hand-grenade into the launcher and then remove the safety pin. Second, insert a special blank cartridge into the rifles chamber. Third, place the butt-stock of the rifle on the ground and fire from this position. The maximum effective range is approximately 150 meters.[59] The RGD-5 hand-grenade has a lethality radius of 25 meters.[61]

Zastava M70 rifle with grenade sights raised.

The Zastava M70 (AKMS type rifle) with a GP-25 grenade-launcher.

Disassembly
Dismantling the rifle involves the operator depressing the magazine catch and removing the magazine. The charging handle is pulled to the Soviet RGD-5 hand grenade rear and the operator inspects the chamber to verify the weapon is unloaded. The operator presses forward on the retainer button at the rear of the receiver cover while simultaneously lifting up on the rear of the cover to remove it. The operator then pushes the spring assembly forward and lifts it from its raceway, withdrawing it out of the bolt carrier and to the rear. The operator must then pull the carrier assembly all the way to the rear, lift it, and then pull it away. The operator removes the bolt by pushing it to the rear of the bolt carrier; rotating the bolt so the camming lug clears the raceway on the underside of the bolt carrier and then pulls it forward and free. When cleaning, the operator will pay special attention to the barrel, bolt face, and gas piston, then oil lightly and reassemble.[40]

Variants
Kalashnikov variants include: AK-47 194851, 7.6239mm The very earliest models, with the Type 1 stamped sheet metal receiver, are now very rare. AK-47 1952, 7.6239mm Has a milled receiver and wooden buttstock and handguard. Barrel and chamber are chrome plated to resist corrosion. Rifle weight is 4.2kg (9.3lb).

1955 AK-47 Type 3

AK-47 AKSFeatured a downward-folding metal stock similar to that of the German MP40, for use in the restricted space in the BMP infantry combat vehicle, as well as by paratroops. RPK, 7.6239mm Hand-held machine gun version with longer barrel and bipod. AKM, 7.6239mm A simplified, lighter version of the AK-47; Type 4 receiver is made from stamped and riveted sheet metal (see schematic above). A slanted muzzle device was added to counter climb in automatic fire. Rifle weight is 3.1kg (6.8lb) due to the lighter receiver. This is the most ubiquitous variant of the AK-47. AKMS, 7.6239mm Folding-stock version of the AKM intended for airborne troops. Stock may be either sideor under-folding AK-74 series, 5.4539mm AK-101/AK-102 series AK-103/AK-104 series AK-107/AK-108 series AK-12 Saiga semi-automatic rifle AK variant for hunting and civilian use. Built on AK receiver with hunting style stock and hand guard in .223/5.5645, 7.6239, 5.4539, .308 Winchester Saiga semi-automatic shotgun AK variant for hunting and civilian use. Built on AK receiver with hunting style stock and hand guard in 12-Gauge, 20-Gauge, and .410-Bore. KSK shotgun A new version of AK variant military using shotgun Usually the AKn was introduced in year 1900+n.

Production outside of the Soviet Union/Russia

Military variants only. Includes new designs substantially derived from the Kalashnikov.
Country Albania Variant(s) Automatiku Shqiptar model 56 (ASH-78 Tip-1) Albanian Automatic Assault Rifle Model 56 Type-1 [Made in Polian Arsenal] (Straight forward copy of Type 56, which in turn is a clone of the Soviet AKM rifle) Automatiku Shqiptar Tipi 1982 (ASH-82) Albanian Automatic Assault Rifle Type 1982 [Made in Polian Arsenal] (Straight forward copy of AKMS) Automatiku Shqiptar model 56 (ASH-78 Tip-2) Albanian Light Machine Gun [Made in Polian Arsenal] (Straight forward copy of RPK) Automatiku Shqiptar model 56 (ASH-78 Tip-3) Albanian Automatic Hybrid Rifle Model 56 Type-3 [Made in Polian Arsenal] (Hybrid rifle for multi-purpose roles mainly Marksman rifle with secondary assault rifle and grenade launcher capability) Other unknown variants. Several other unnamed & unidentified versions of the AKMS have been produce mainly with short barrels similar to the Soviet AKS-74U mainly for special forces, Tank & Armoured crew also for Helicopter pilots and police. There have also been modifications and fresh production of heavily modified ASh-82 (AKMS) with SOPMOD accessories, mainly for Albania's special forces RENEA & exports. Bangladesh Chinese Type 56

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9
AKK (Type 3 AK-47), AKKS (Type 3 with side-folding buttstock) AKKMS (AKMS) AKKN-47 (fittings for NPSU night sights) AK-47M1 (Type 3 with black polymer furniture) AK-47MA1/AR-M1 (same as -M1, but in 5.56mm NATO) AKS-47M1 (AKMS in 5.56x45mm NATO), AKS-47MA1 (same as AKS-47M1, but semi-automatic only) AKS-47S (AK-47M1, short version, with East German folding stock, laser aiming device) AKS-47UF (short version of -M1, Russian folding stock), AR-SF (same as 47UF, but 5.56mm NATO) AKS-93SM6 (similar to 47M1, cannot use grenade launcher) RKKS, AKT-47 (.22 rimfire training rifle) BARR-101 (semi-automatic-only version with a 5-round magazine)

Bulgaria

Cambodia

Chinese Type 56, Soviet AK-47, and AKM

People's Republic Type 56 of China German Democratic Republic Egypt Ethiopia Hungary MPi-K (AK-47), MPi-KS (AKS), MPi-KM (AKM), MPi-KMS-72 (AKMS), KK-MPi Mod.69 (.22-Lr select-fire trainer);

AK-47, Misr assault rifle (AKM), Maadi. AK-47, AK-103 (manufactured locally at the State-run Gafat Armament Engineering Complex as the Et-97/1 [62] )

AK-55 (domestic manufacture of the 2nd Model AK-47)AK-63D/E (AMM/AMMSz), AKM-63, AMD-65, AMP-69, NGM-81(AK-63 in 5.56mm NATO) Tabuk Sniper Rifle, Tabuk Assault Rifle (with fixed or underfolding stock, outright clones of Yugoslavian M70 rifles series), Tabuk Short Assault Rifle Trichy Assault Rifle 7.62mm, manufactured by Ordnance Factory Tiruchirappalli of Ordnance Factories Board KLS (AK47), KLF (AKS), KLT (AKMS) IMI Galil RK 62, RK 95 TP M60 Produced by the Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria as OBJ-006 [64][65] [63]

Iraq

India Iran Israel Finland Macedonia Nigeria North Korea

Type 58A (Type 3 AK-47), Type 58B (stamped steel folding stock), Type 68A (AKM-47) Type 68B (AKMS), Type 88 [66][67] (AKS-74) Reverse engineered by hand and machine in Pakistan's highland areas near the border of Afghanistan; more recently the [68] Pakistan Ordnance Factories started the manufacture of an AK47/AKM clone called PK-10 ARMSCOR MAK22 and MAK22FS [69]

Pakistan

Philippines Poland

pmK/kbk AK (name has changed from pmK "pistolet maszynowy Kaasznikowa", Kalashnikov SMG to the kbk AK "karabinek AK", Kalashnikov Carbine in mid 1960s) (AK-47), kbkg wz. 1960, kbk AKM (AKM), kbk AKMS (AKMS), kbk wz. 1988 Tantal based on the 7.62mm kbk AKMS wz. 81, kbs wz. 1996 Beryl PM md. 63 (AKM), PM md. 65 (AKMS), PM md. 90 (AKMS), collectively exported under the umbrella name AIM or AIMS, Draco Pistol 7.62X39mm PA md. 86 (AK-74), exported as the AIMS-74 PM md. 90 short barrel (AK-104), PA md. 86 short barrel (AK-105) exported as the AIMR

Romania

Serbia

M92, M21, M70

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10
R4 assault rifle MAZ, [70] based on the Type 56

South Africa Sudan Vietnam Venezuela Yugoslavia

Chinese Type 56, Soviet AK-47, AK-74, AK-108 and AKM License granted, factory under construction [71]

M60, M64 (AK-47 with longer barrel), M64A (grenade launcher), M64B (M64 w/ folding stock), M66, M70, M70A, M70B1, M70AB2, M76, M77, M-21

Certainly more have been produced elsewhere; but the above list represents known producers and is limited to only military variants. An updated AK-47 design is still produced in Russia.

Derivatives
The basic design of the AK-47 has been used as the basis for other successful rifle designs such as the Finnish Rk 62/76 and Rk 95 Tp, the Israeli Galil, the Indian INSAS and the Yugoslav Zastava M76 and M77/82 rifles. Several bullpup designs have surfaced such as the Chinese Norinco Type 86S, although none have been produced in quantity. Bullpup conversions are also available commercially.

Licensing

Type 56 and AKS-47

OJSC IzhMash has repeatedly claimed that the majority of manufacturers produce AK-47s without a proper license from IZH.[72][73] The Izhevsk Machine Tool Factory acquired a patent in 1999, making manufacture of the newest Kalashnikov rifles, such as AK-100s by anyone other than themselves illegal. However, older variants, such as AK and AKM are public domain due to age of design.

Illicit trade
Throughout the world, the AK and its variants are among the most commonly smuggled small arms sold to governments, rebels, criminals, and civilians alike, with little international oversight. In some countries, prices for AKs are very low; in Somalia, Rwanda, Mozambique, Congo and Tanzania prices are between $30 and $125 Cambodian AK-47 with black furniture per weapon, and prices have fallen in the last few decades due to mass counterfeiting. Moiss Nam observed that in a small town in Kenya in 1986, an AK-47 cost fifteen cows but that in 2005, the price was down to four cows indicating that supply was "immense".[74] The weapon has appeared in a number of conflicts including clashes in the Balkans, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Somalia.[75] The Taliban and the Northern Alliance fought each other with Soviet AKs; some of these were exported to Pakistan. The gun is now also made in Pakistan's semi-autonomous areas (see more at Khyber Pass Copy). Estimated numbers of AK-type weapons vary. The Small Arms Survey suggest that "between 70 and 100million of these weapons have been produced since 1947."[76] The World Bank estimates that out of the 500million total firearms available worldwide, 100million are of the Kalashnikov family, and 75million are AK-47s.[77] Only about 5million of these were manufactured in the former USSR.[78] Because AK-type weapons have been made in other countries, often illicitly, it is impossible to know how many really exist.[79] Mikhail Kalashnikov addressed the United Nations in 2006 at a conference aimed at solving the problem of illicit weapons, saying that he appreciated the AK-47's role in state-sponsored defense but that counterfeit weapons carrying his name in the hands of "terrorists and thugs" caused him regret.[80]

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11

Cultural influence
"Basically, it's the anti-Western cach of it ... And you know, one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter, so we all sort of think, oh boy, we've got a little bit of Che Guevara in us. And this accounts for the popularity of the (AK 47) weapon. Plus I think that in the United States it's considered counterculture, which is always something that citizens in this country kind of like ... It's kind of sticking a finger in the eye of the man, if you will." Larry Kahaner, author of AK-47: The Weapon That Changed the Face of War
[81]

Russia/Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, as well as Western countries (especially the United States) supplied arms and technical knowledge to numerous countries and rebel forces in a global struggle between the Warsaw Pact nations and their allies against NATO and their allies called the Cold War. While the NATO countries used rifles such as the relatively expensive M14, HK G3 and M16 assault rifle during this time, the low production and materials costs of the AK-47 meant that the Russia/USSR could produce and supply its allies at a very low cost. Because of its low cost, it was also duplicated or used as the basis for many other rifles, such as the Israeli Galil, Chinese Type 56, and Swiss SIG SG 550. As a result, the Cold War saw the mass export of AK-47s by the Soviet Union and the PRC to their allies, such as the Nicaraguan Sandinistas, Viet Cong as well as Middle Eastern, Asian, and African revolutionaries. The United States also purchased the Type 56 from the PRC to give to the mujahideen guerrillas during the Soviet war in Afghanistan.[82] The proliferation of this weapon is reflected by more than just numbers. The AK-47 is included in the flag of Mozambique and its emblem, an acknowledgment that the country's leaders gained power in large part through the effective use of their AK-47s.[83] It is also found in the coat of arms of Zimbabwe and East Timor, the revolution era coat of arms of Burkina Faso, the flag of Hezbollah, and the logo of the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps.
Flag of Mozambique featuring the AK-47.

In parts of the Western world, the AK-47 is associated with their enemies; both Cold War era and present-day. During the 1980s, the Soviet Union became the principal arms dealer to countries embargoed by Western nations, including Middle Eastern nations such as Syria, Libya and Iran, who welcomed Soviet Union backing against Israel. After the fall of the Soviet Union, AK-47s were sold both openly and on the black market to any group with cash, including drug cartels and dictatorial states, and more recently they have been seen in the hands of violent Islamic terrorist groups such as the Taliban and Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Iraq, and FARC, Ejrcito de Liberacin Nacional guerrillas in Colombia. Western movies often portray criminals, gang members and terrorists using AK-47s. For these reasons, in the U.S. and Western Europe the AK-47 is stereotypically regarded as the weapon of choice of insurgents, gangsters and terrorists. Conversely, throughout the developing world, the AK-47 can be positively attributed with revolutionaries or "freedom fighters" against foreign occupation, imperialism, or colonialism.[81]

A U.S. Army M.P. inspects a Soviet AK-47 recovered in Vietnam, 1968.

In Mexico, the AK-47 is known as "Cuerno de Chivo" (literally "Ram's Horn") and is one of the weapons of choice of Mexican drug cartels. It is sometimes mentioned in Mexican folk music lyrics.[84]

AK-47 In 2006, Colombian musician and peace activist Csar Lpez devised the escopetarra, an AK converted into a guitar. One sold for US$17,000 in a fundraiser held to benefit the victims of anti-personnel mines, while another was exhibited at the United Nations' Conference on Disarmament.[85] The AK-47 recently made an appearance in U.S. popular culture as a recurring focus in the Nicholas Cage film Lord of War. There are numerous monologues in the movie focusing on the weapon and its effects on global conflict and the gun running market, such as: "Of all the weapons in the vast soviet arsenal, nothing was more profitable than Avtomat Kalashnikova model of 1947. More commonly known as the AK-47, or Kalashnikov. It's the world's most popular assault rifle. A weapon all fighters love. An elegantly simple 9 pound amalgamation of forged steel and plywood. It doesn't break, jam, or overheat. It'll shoot whether it's covered in mud or filled with sand. It's so easy, even a child can use it; and they do. The Soviets put the gun on a coin. Mozambique put it on their flag. Since the end of the Cold War, the Kalashnikov has become the Russian people's greatest export. After that comes vodka, caviar, and suicidal novelists. One thing is for sure, no one was lining up to buy their cars."[86]

12

Kalashnikov Museum
The Kalashnikov Museum (also called the AK-47 museum) opened on 4 November 2004, in Izhevsk, a city in the Ural Mountains of Russia. The museum chronicles the biography of General Kalashnikov, as well as documents the invention of the AK-47. The museum complex of small arms of M. T. Kalashnikov, a series of halls and multimedia exhibitions is devoted to the evolution of the AK-47 assault rifle and attracts 10,000 monthly visitors.[87] Nadezhda Vechtomova, the museum director stated in an interview that the purpose of the museum is to honor the ingenuity of the inventor and the hard work of the employees and to "separate the weapon as a weapon of murder from the people who are producing it and to tell its history in our country."

Users
Afghanistan[89] Albania[90] Algeria[90] Angola[90] Armenia[90] Azerbaijan[91] Bangladesh[90] Benin[90] Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana[90] Bulgaria:[90] Manufactured by Arsenal J.S. Co as the AR-M1 in 7.6239mm, 5.4539mm, and 5.5645mm.[92][93] Cambodia[90] Cape Verde[90] Central African Republic[90] Chad[90] Chile[94] Comoros[90] Congo-Brazzaville[90] Cuba[90]
Israeli special forces soldier with an AK47. Large quantities of these weapons were captured by Israel from Arab stocks and some Israeli units [88] were wholly equipped with it.

AK-47 Democratic Republic of the Congo[90] Egypt[90] Namibia[90] East Germany[2] Equatorial Guinea[90] Ethiopia: AK-47 variant.[90] Gabon[90] Georgia:[90] Used by the Georgian Armed Forces for over 15 years. Replaced by the M4 carbine in 2008.[95] Greece: EKAM counter-terrorist unit of the Hellenic Police.[96][97] Guinea[90] Guinea-Bissau[90] Guyana[90] Hungary[90] India: In use by Force One.[98] Iran[90] Iraq[89][90] Iraqi Kurdistan Israel[90] Captured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab-Israeli Conflict.[88] Kenya Laos[90] Lesotho[90] Liberia[90] Libya[90] Macedonia[99] Madagascar[90] Mali:[90] Armed and Security Forces of Mali. Malta: Type 56 variant.[90] Mexico[90] Morocco[90] Mongolia[90] Mozambique[90] North Korea: Type 56 and Type 58 variants were used.[90] Palestinian Authority[100] Pakistan: Type 56 and Type 81 variants used.[101] [102] People's Republic of China: Type 56 variant was used.[103] Peru[90] Philippines: Used by the Santiago City PNP.[104] Poland[2] Qatar[90] Romania[90] Sao Tome and Principe[90] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[105] Saudi Arabia Seychelles[90] Sierra Leone[90] Somalia[90] Soviet Union: Adopted by the Soviet Union in 1951.[103]

13

AK-47 Sri Lanka: Type 56 variant.[90] South Africa: Used by South African Special Forces Brigade. South Sudan Sudan[90] Syria[90] Tanzania[90] Togo[90] Turkey[90] Vietnam: Type 56 variant was used extensively by the Viet Cong.[103] Yemen[90] Yugoslavia[2] Zambia[90] Zimbabwe[90]

14

References
[1] Table data are for AK-47 with Type 2/3 receiver [2] Modern Firearms AK-47 AKM (http:/ / world. guns. ru/ assault/ as01-e. htm). World.guns.ru (2011-01-24). Retrieved on 14 March 2011. [3] Phillip Killicoat (Department of Economics, Oxford University) WEAPONOMICS: THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR ASSAULT RIFLES (http:/ / www-wds. worldbank. org/ servlet/ WDSContentServer/ WDSP/ IB/ 2007/ 04/ 13/ 000016406_20070413145045/ Rendered/ PDF/ wps4202. pdf). World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4202, April 2007. Retrieved on 20 May 2012. [4] "AK-47 Inventor Doesn't Lose Sleep Over Havoc Wrought With His Invention" (http:/ / www. foxnews. com/ story/ 0,2933,288456,00. html). Fox News. 6 July 2007. . Retrieved 3 April 2010. [5] Rifle Evaluation Study (http:/ / www. dtic. mil/ cgi-bin/ GetTRDoc?Location=U2& doc=GetTRDoc. pdf& AD=ADA046961), United States Army, Combat Development Command, ADA046961, 20 December 1962 [6] http:/ / www. izhmash. ru/ eng/ product/ akm. shtml | Izhmash manufacturer specifications [7] Warsaw Pact Weapons & Equipment (http:/ / www. crusader80. co. uk/ warsaw. html). Crusader80.co.uk. Retrieved on 20 May 2012. [8] http:/ / www. izhmash. ru/ eng/ product/ akm. shtml | Izhmash manufacturer specifications clearly state the AK-47 (AKM) has a battle range of 350 meters. [9] Poyer [10] "Weaponomics: The Economics of Small Arms" (http:/ / www. csae. ox. ac. uk/ workingpapers/ pdfs/ 2006-13text. pdf). . [11] Machine Carbine Promoted: MP43 Is Now Assault Rifle StG44, WWII Tactical and Technical Trends, No. 57, April 1945 (http:/ / www. lonesentry. com/ articles/ ttt07/ stg44-assault-rifle. html). Lone Sentry. Retrieved on 4 July 2012. [12] Military Small Arms Of The 20th century, 7th Edition, 2000 by Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks [13] Major Thomas P. Ehrhart Increasing Small Arms Lethality in Afghanistan: Taking Back the Infantry Half-Kilometer (http:/ / www. dtic. mil/ cgi-bin/ GetTRDoc?Location=U2& doc=GetTRDoc. pdf& AD=ADA512331). US Army. 2009 [14] Jane's Guns Recognition Guide, Ian Hogg & Terry Gander, HarperCollins Publisher, 2005 [15] Chapter 1. Symbol of violence, war and culture (http:/ / www. oneworld-publications. com/ pdfs/ Small Arms Trade_ch1_22 Nov. pdf). oneworld-publications.com [16] Weapon Of Mass Destruction (http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/ wp-dyn/ content/ article/ 2006/ 11/ 24/ AR2006112400788. html). Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved on 19 November 2011. [17] History of AK-47 Gun The Gun Book Review (http:/ / www. popularmechanics. com/ technology/ military/ weapons/ ak-47-questions-about-most-important-gun-ever). Popular Mechanics (2010-10-12). Retrieved on 9 February 2012. [18] American Rifle a biography (http:/ / www. scribd. com/ jdeere2012/ d/ 77028741-American-Rifle-a-biography). Scribd.com. Retrieved on 4 July 2012. [19] "AK-47 Inventor Doesn't Lose Sleep Over Havoc Wrought With His Invention" (http:/ / www. foxnews. com/ story/ 0,2933,288456,00. html). Fox News. 6 July 2007. . Retrieved 26 June 2009. [20] Bolotin, p. 68. [21] "Back in the Day: USSR makes the AK47" (http:/ / www. euronews. com/ 2011/ 07/ 05/ back-in-the-day-ussr-makes-the-ak47-/ ). Euronews. . Retrieved 5 July 2012. [22] Bolotin, pp. 6971. [23] J.F.S. (July 1983). "IMI Galil" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080323110816/ http:/ / www. ak-47. net/ ak47/ galil. html). Soldier of Fortune (AK-47.net). Archived from the original (http:/ / www. ak-47. net/ ak47/ galil. html) on 23 March 2008. . Retrieved 19 October 2008. [24] "Firearm Model History Remington Model 8" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080615193132/ http:/ / www. remington. com/ library/ history/ firearm_models/ centerfire/ model_8. asp). Remington.com. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. remington. com/ library/ history/ firearm_models/ centerfire/ model_8. asp) on 15 June 2008. . Retrieved 19 October 2008.

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[25] "AK-47 Inventor Says Conscience Is Clear, Mikhail Kalashnikov Blames Politicians For Millions Of Deaths Involving His Assault Rifle" (http:/ / www. cbsnews. com/ stories/ 2007/ 07/ 06/ world/ main3025193. shtml?source=RSSattr=World_3025193). CBS News. 6 July 2007. . Retrieved 19 October 2008. [26] Ezell [27] Val Shilin; Charlie Cutshaw. "Mikhail Kalashnikov" (http:/ / www. powercustom. com/ AKPages/ MikhailKalashnikov. htm). Power Custom. . Retrieved 19 October 2008. [28] Bolotin, p. 64. [29] AK (http:/ / world. guns. ru/ assault/ rus/ ak-akm-r. html). World.guns.ru. Retrieved on 4 July 2012. [30] . . // : . . , , . .: , 2001. . 262. 417 . ISBN 978-5-9367-5025-0 [31] Poyer, p. 8 [32] Poyer, p. 9 [33] Ezell, p. 36 [34] Poyer, p. 11 [35] Poyer, p. 2 [36] "An AK for Every Market by James Dunnigan April 23, 2003" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20070325171640/ http:/ / www. strategypage. com/ dls/ articles/ 20030423. asp). strategypage.com. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. strategypage. com/ dls/ articles/ 20030423. asp) on 25 March 2007. . Retrieved 26 June 2009. [37] The AK-47: Kalashnikov-series assault rifles. By Gordon Rottman. Osprey Publishing. Copyright 2011. Page 39 [38] MAK90 7.6239mm Semi-Automatic Rifle. Instruction Manual (http:/ / www. ak-47. us/ pic/ books/ emak90. pdf). Norinco. ak-47.us [39] Arsenal 7.62mm Arsenal Assault Rifle AR-M1 and with Folding Butt AR-M1F (http:/ / www. arsenal-bg. com/ defense_police/ 7,62ar-m1-m1f. htm). Arsenal-bg.com. Retrieved on 3 April 2012. [40] Department of the Army. wikisource:en:AK-47 Operator's Manual. 203d Military Intelligence Battalion. [41] Maxim Popenker; Anthony G. Williams (28 March 2005). Assault Rifle (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=TNwgAAAACAAJ). Crowood Press. ISBN978-1-86126-700-9. . [42] Peter G. Kokalis, Kalashnikovs 3 of the best (http:/ / www. arsenalinc. com/ usa/ imgs/ articles/ BulgarianAK. pdf). arsenalinc.com [43] AKM (AK-47) Kalashnikov modernized assault rifle, caliber 7.62mm (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20110718231355/ http:/ / www. izhmash. ru/ eng/ product/ akm. shtml). izhmash.ru [44] Ak 47 Technical Manual (http:/ / www. scribd. com/ doc/ 35165946/ Ak-47-Technical-Manual). Scribd.com (2010-07-31). Retrieved on 9 February 2012. [45] Gordon Rottman (24 May 2011). The AK-47: Kalashnikov-series Assault Rifles (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=qK9Nn-2xocUC& pg=PA42). Osprey Publishing. pp.42. ISBN978-1-84908-835-0. . Retrieved 24 December 2011. [46] " """ (http:/ / www. izhmash. ru/ eng/ product/ ak103. shtml). Izhmash.ru. 2 September 2001. . Retrieved 10 January 2012. [47] Cold vodka hot steel: a test of Russia's Bizon 2 submachine gun | Guns Magazine (http:/ / findarticles. com/ p/ articles/ mi_m0BQY/ is_6_49/ ai_100727296/ ). Find Articles. Retrieved on 9 February 2012. [48] Steel Doors | Security Doors | Steel Doorsets | Fire Resistant Doors | Ballistic Steel Doors (http:/ / www. steeldovedoors. co. uk/ Products/ ballistic). Steeldovedoors.co.uk. Retrieved on 20 May 2012. [49] Bellamy RF, Zajtchuk R. The physics and biophysics of wound ballistics. In: Zajtchuk R, ed. Textbook of Military Medicine, PartI: Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty, Vol. 5, Conventional Warfare: Ballistic, Blast, and Burn Injuries. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America (1990) pp. 146155 [50] Roberts GK, (21 May 2008) DTIC.mil "U.S. Military Small Arms Ammunition Failures and Solutions" (http:/ / www. dtic. mil/ ndia/ 2008Intl/ Roberts. pdf) NDIA Dallas, Texas [51] Fackler ML, Malinowski JA, Hoxie SW, Jason A (1990). "Wounding Effects of the AK-47 Rifle Used by Patrick Purdy in the Stockton, California, Schoolyard Shooting of 17 January 1989". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 11 (3): 1859. doi:10.1097/00000433-199009000-00001. PMID2220700. [52] Kalashnikov AK47 By Gideon Burrows [53] "The USA's M4 Carbine Controversy" (http:/ / www. defenseindustrydaily. com/ the-usas-m4-carbine-controversy-03289/ ). Defenseindustrydaily.com. 21 November 2011. . Retrieved 10 January 2012. [54] Avtomat Kalashnikov (http:/ / www. alpharubicon. com/ leo/ akseries. htm). Alpharubicon.com. Retrieved on 3 April 2012. [55] "VZ 58 Tactical Sporter, and VZ 58 Military Sporter" (http:/ / www. cz-usa. com/ press-releases/ 64/ ). CZ-USA. 15 June 2011. . Retrieved 10 January 2012. [56] "" (http:/ / www. izhmash. ru/ eng/ product/ akm. shtml). Izhmash.ru (2001-09-02). Retrieved on 24 December 2011. [57] http:/ / www. izhmash. ru/ eng/ product/ gp-34. shtml | Izhmash manufacturer specifications for the 40 mm underbarrel grenade launcher GP-34 [58] http:/ / home. roadrunner. com/ ~m70AK3/ M70. htm |M70AB2 & M70B1 Yugoslavian Battle Rifles

15

AK-47
[59] http:/ / www. ar15. com/ content/ manuals/ AK47USArmyOperatorManual. pdf | Department of the Army, Operator's Manual for the AK-47 Assault Rifle [60] File:AK47Figure54.jpg Wikisource. En.wikisource.org. Retrieved on 27 September 2011. [61] http:/ / faq. guns. ru/ rgd5. html |RGD-5 data (in Russian) [62] Advertisement flyer for manufacturing capabilities of the GAEC Gafat Armament Engineering Complex. (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20110710203214/ http:/ / ethiopiabook. com/ galleryimg/ l/ print-advert-371. jpg) Retrieved on 8 October 2010. [63] "Assault Rifle 7,62mm" (http:/ / ofbindia. nic. in/ products/ data/ weapons/ wsc/ 21. htm). Indian Ordnance Factory Board [64] "Nigeria to mass-produce Nigerian version of AK-47 rifles." (http:/ / english. peopledaily. com. cn/ 200610/ 02/ eng20061002_308128. html) Retrieved on 5 October 2008. [65] "DICON Defence Industry Corp. of Nigeria" (http:/ / www. dicon. gov. ng/ military1. html) Retrieved on 23 June 2012. [66] US Department of Defense, North Korea Country Handbook 1997, Appendix A: Equipment Recognition, PPSH 1943 SUBMACHINEGUN (TYPE-50 CHINA/MODEL-49 DPRK), p. A-79. [67] US Department of Defense, North Korea Country Handbook 1997, Appendix A: Equipment Recognition, TYPE-68 (AKM) ASSAULT RIFLE, p. A-77. [68] Russia confronts Pakistan, China over copied weapons. (http:/ / www. upiasia. com/ Security/ 2009/ 11/ 16/ russia_confronts_pakistan_china_over_copied_weapons/ 5776/ ) Retrieved on 16 October 2010. [69] Welcome to Arms Corporation of the Philippines :: ARMSCOR :: Arms and Ammunition (http:/ / www. armscor. com. ph/ autorifle. htm). Armscor. Retrieved on 4 July 2012. [70] "MAZ" (http:/ / mic. sd/ images/ products/ wepons/ en/ MAZbn. html). Military Industry Corporation. Archived (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20081227202939/ http:/ / www. mic. sd/ images/ products/ wepons/ en/ MAZbn. html) from the original on 27 December 2008. . Retrieved 8 February 2009. [71] Martin Sieff (15 August 2007). "Defense Focus: Venezuela's Kalashnikovs" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080604095328/ http:/ / www. upi. com/ International_Security/ Industry/ Analysis/ 2007/ 08/ 15/ defense_focus_venezuelas_kalashnikovs/ 1273/ ). UPI.com. . Retrieved 19 October 2008. [72] " " (http:/ / www. lenta. ru/ news/ 2006/ 06/ 13/ rifles/ ). Lenta.ru. Archived (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20060702132440/ http:/ / lenta. ru/ news/ 2006/ 06/ 13/ rifles/ ) from the original on 2 July 2006. . Retrieved 19 July 2006. [73] "'' " (http:/ / lenta. ru/ news/ 2006/ 04/ 15/ fake). Lenta.ru. . Retrieved 19 July 2006. [74] Nam, Moiss; Myers, Joanne J. (9 November 2005). "ILLICIT: How Smugglers, Traffickers, and Copycats Are Hijacking the Global Economy" (http:/ / www. cceia. org/ resources/ transcripts/ 5279. html). Carnegie Council. Archived (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20090629002155/ http:/ / www. cceia. org/ resources/ transcripts/ 5279. html) from the original on 29 June 2009. . Retrieved 26 June 2009. [75] The AK-47: The World's Favourite Killing Machine (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20081015063503/ http:/ / www. controlarms. org/ en/ documents and files/ reports/ english-reports/ the-ak-47-the-worlds-favourite-weapon/ at_download/ file). ControlArms Briefing Note (26 June 2006). [76] Small Arms Survey Yearbook 2004 (Chapter 1) (http:/ / www. smallarmssurvey. org/ fileadmin/ docs/ A-Yearbook/ 2004/ en/ Small-Arms-Survey-2004-Chapter-01-EN. pdf). (PDF) . Retrieved on 20 May 2012. [77] Killicoat, Phillip (Economics) (April 2007). "Weaponomics: The Global Market for Assault Rifles" (http:/ / www-wds. worldbank. org/ servlet/ WDSContentServer/ WDSP/ IB/ 2007/ 04/ 13/ 000016406_20070413145045/ Rendered/ PDF/ wps4202. pdf) (PDF). Worldbank. Post-Conflict Transitions Working Paper No. 10.. Oxford University.. . Retrieved 3 April 2010. [78] Valerii N. Shilin; Charlie Cutshaw (2000-03-01). Legends and reality of the AK: a behind-the-scenes look at the history, design, and impact of the Kalashnikov family of weapons. Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-58160-069-8 [79] Graves-Brown, P. 2007 "Avtomat Kalashnikova" (http:/ / mcu. sagepub. com/ content/ 12/ 3/ 285. abstract?rss=1). Journal of Material Culture November 2007 vol. 12 no. 3 285307 [80] "United Nations Conference to Review Progress Made in the Implementation of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.'' New York, 26 June 7 July 2006" (http:/ / www. un. org/ events/ smallarms2006/ pdf/ rc. 6-e. pdf) (PDF). United Nations.. . Retrieved 3 April 2010. [81] AK-47: The Weapon Changed the Face of War (http:/ / www. npr. org/ templates/ story/ story. php?storyId=6539945) by Andrea Seabrook, NPR Weekend Edition Sunday, 26 November 2006 [82] "Chinese Type-56 Assault Rifle" 5th Battalion Royal Australian Regiment Association website (http:/ / www. 5rar. asn. au/ weapons/ type_56. htm). 5rar.asn.au. Retrieved on 20 May 2012. [83] Michael R. Gordon (1997-03-13). "Burst of Pride for a Staccato Executioner: AK-47" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 1997/ 03/ 13/ world/ burst-of-pride-for-a-staccato-executioner-ak-47. html). The New York Times. [84] Muessig, Ben. "Narcocorridos: The Songs of Mexico's Drug War" (http:/ / www. aolnews. com/ 2010/ 08/ 10/ narcocorridos-the-songs-of-mexicos-drug-war/ ). AolNews. . Retrieved 9 August 2011. [85] Latorre, Hctor (24 January 2006). "Escopetarras: disparando msica" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ hi/ spanish/ misc/ newsid_4644000/ 4644028. stm). BBC World. 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16

AK-47
[86] "Lord of War (2005) - memorable quotes" (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt0399295/ quotes?qt=qt0403308). IMDB. . Retrieved 29 October 2012. [87] Chivers, C.J. "AK-47 Museum: Homage to the Gun That Won the East" (http:/ / travel. nytimes. com/ 2007/ 02/ 18/ travel/ 18heads. html). The New York Times, 18 February 2007 [88] John Laffin; Mike Chappell (29 July 1982). The Israeli Army in the Middle East Wars 194873 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=jSuKRkUSWwcC& pg=PA21). Osprey Publishing. pp.21. ISBN978-0-85045-450-5. . Retrieved 20 May 2012. [89] Kahaner, Larry (26 November 2006). "Weapon Of Mass Destruction" (http:/ / www. washingtonpost. com/ wp-dyn/ content/ article/ 2006/ 11/ 24/ AR2006112400788. html). The Washington Post. . Retrieved 3 April 2010. [90] Janes; Leland S. Ness (2009-12). Jane's Infantry Weapons 20092010 (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=A5ngPgAACAAJ). Jane's Information Group. ISBN978-0-7106-2869-5. . [91] AK-47 Kalashnikov Information and Pictures (http:/ / www. mouseguns. com/ ak47info/ ak47info. htm). Mouseguns.com. Retrieved on 20 May 2012. [92] 5.56mm AR-M1 & AR-M1F (http:/ / www. arsenal-bg. com/ defense_police/ 5. 56_arsenal_assault_rifle_ar-m1_ar-m1f. htm). Arsenal-bg.com. Retrieved on 20 May 2012. [93] 7.62mm AR-M1 & AR-M1F (http:/ / www. arsenal-bg. com/ defense_police/ 7,62ar-m1-m1f. htm). Arsenal-bg.com. Retrieved on 20 May 2012. [94] Terry J. Gander (1995-05). Jane's Infantry Weapons 199596 (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=qSL8AAAACAAJ). ISBN978-0-7106-1241-0. . [95] "Georgian Army Bids Farewell to Soviet Guns" (http:/ / www. mod. gov. ge/ files/ ijwtsgknrxgeo. pdf). Today Defence (7). January 2008. . [96] Milosevic, Milan (2005). "Trojanski Konj za Teroriste" (http:/ / www. kalibar. rs/ code/ navigate. php?Id=74) (in Serbian). Kalibar. Archived (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5rzTsOf8X) from the original on 14 August 2010. . Retrieved 4 April 2009. [97] "Greece Ministry of Public Order Press Office: Special Anti-Terrorist Unit" (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5rOg1WIHo). Hellenic Police. July 2004. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. astynomia. gr/ images/ stories/ DOCS/ Attachment11480_ENHMEROTIKO_EKAM_ENGL. pdf) on 21 July 2010. . Retrieved 27 September 2009. [98] "Maha's elite counter terror unit Force One becomes operational" (http:/ / www. business-standard. com/ india/ news/ maha\s-elite-counter-terror-unit-force-one-becomes-operational/ 377563/ ). Business Standard. . Retrieved 5 July 2010. [99] Macedonian military police, US National Guard conduct joint manoeuvres (http:/ / www. setimes. com/ cocoon/ setimes/ xhtml/ en_GB/ features/ setimes/ features/ 2006/ 10/ 12/ feature-03). SETimes.com. Retrieved on 14 March 2011. [100] Israel Aids Palestinians With Arms (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 2008/ 09/ 06/ world/ middleeast/ 06mideast. html), New York Times. 5 September 2008. [101] http:/ / www. paksoldiers. com/ intelligence/ taliban-decide-not-to-attack-pakistan-army/ Taliban Decide Not To Attack Pakistan Army .January 2012. [102] http:/ / www. longwarjournal. org/ threat-matrix/ archives/ 2009/ 10/ whats_wrong_with_pakistan_a_fo. php What's wrong with Pakistan's Army? A former officer's perspective .October 13, 2009. [103] D. M. O. Miller (31 August 2001). Illustrated directory of twentieth century guns (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=GgpRPgAACAAJ). ISBN978-1-84065-245-1. . [104] "Santiago city forms SWAT team to combat crime" (http:/ / www. pia. gov. ph/ ?m=12& sec=reader& rp=1& fi=p060902. htm& no=3& date=09/ 02/ 2006). Philippine Information Agency. 2 September 2006. . Retrieved 1 February 2010. [105] Western Sahara In the unforgiving deserts of south west Algeria, Nick Ryan meets the nomads fighting a 25 year battle. (http:/ / www. nickryan. net/ articles/ sahara. html). Nickryan.net. Retrieved on 20 May 2012.

17

Bibliography
Bolotin, David Naumovich and Naftul'eff, Igor F.; Suomen asemuseosti (1995). Soviet Small-arms and Ammunition (http://books.google.com/books?id=NLf-SQAACAAJ). Suomen asemuseosti. ISBN978-951-97184-1-5. Retrieved 20 May 2012. Ezell, Edward Clinton (1986-03). The AK47 story: evolution of the Kalashnikov weapons (http://books.google. com/?id=cUKbQAAACAAJ). ISBN978-0-8117-0916-3. Before his death, Ezell was the curator of military history at the Smithsonian Museum Kahaner, Larry (2007). AK-47: the weapon that changed the face of war (http://books.google.com/ ?id=oBAhAQAAIAAJ). John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN978-0-471-72641-8. Poyer, Joe. The AK-47 and AK-74 Kalashnikov Rifles and Their Variations. North Cape Publications. 2004 ISBN 1882391411

AK-47

18

Further reading
Ezell, Edward Clinton; R. Blake Stevens (1 December 2001). Kalashnikov: The Arms and the Man. Cobourg, ON: Collector Grade Publications. ISBN978-0-88935-267-4. Claire Folkard., ed. (2004-08). Guinness Book of Records. London: Guinness World Records. ISBN978-1-892051-22-6. Michael Hodges (2007-01). Ak47: The Story of the People's Gun (http://books.google.com/ ?id=j82yAAAACAAJ). Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN978-0-340-92104-3. Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov; Elena Joly (2006). The gun that changed the world (http://books.google. com/?id=CY2HlLDiaNwC). Polity Press. ISBN978-0-7456-3691-7. Edward Clinton Ezell; with research assistance of Thomas M. Pegg.; Thomas M. Pegg, Walter Harold Black Smith (1983). Small Arms of the World. New York: Barnes & Nobles. ISBN978-0-88029-601-4. John Walter (4 September 1999). Kalashnikov: machine pistols, assault rifles, and machine-guns, 1945 to the present (http://books.google.com/?id=XnybC2qSORAC). Greenhill Books/Lionel Leventhal. ISBN978-1-85367-364-1. Chivers, C.J (October 2010). The Gun (http://books.google.com/books?id=r3VwUEHoDikC&pg=PA459). Simon & Schuster. ISBN978-0-7432-7076-2.

External links
Manufacturer's Official Site (http://www.izhmash.ru/eng/product/akm.shtml) AK Site Kalashnikov Home Page (http://kalashnikov.guns.ru/) US Army Operator's Manual for the AK-47 Assault Rifle Nazarian's Gun's Recognition Guide (MANUAL) AK 47 Manual (.pdf) (http://www.nazarian.no/images/wep/ 284_US_Army_AK47.pdf) The Timeless, Ubiquitous AK-47 (http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1964810,00.html) slideshow by Time magazine How the AK-47 Rewrote the Rules of Modern Warfare (http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/11/ff_ak47/ all/1) Three-part article by C. J. Chivers, for Wired Magazine

Audio
AK-47: The Weapon Changed the Face of War (http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story. php?storyId=6539945) audio report by NPR The AK-47: The Gun That Changed The Battlefield (http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story. php?storyId=130493013) audio report by NPR

Video
TOP 10 Combat Rifles: AK-47 (http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=KvrG4T2K4sE) by the Discovery Channel AK-47 Documentary: Part 1 (http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=na2_Nw31BBI) & Part 2 (http:// www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=PB1VuBWTyvY) by Al Jazeera English AK-47 Full Auto, U.S. Army in Iraq (http://www.archive.org/details/AkmAk-47TypeFullAutoIraqU.s. Army) from the Internet Archive Tales of the Gun: AK-47 Part 1 (http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=68HSnr69sPw) 2 (http://www. youtube.com/watch_popup?v=J6c3DLlM9KA) 3 (http://www.youtube.com/ watch_popup?v=DFLHCenoi0w) 4 (http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=G-FRXN-kKbs) 5 (http:// www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=075YUx2ujK4) by The History Channel

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19

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AK-47 Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=524015562 Contributors: !ComputerAlert!, (jarbarf), .:Ajvol:., 13dble, 1exec1, 1redrun, 21655, 21kev, 28421u2232nfenfcenc, 293.xx.xxx.xx, 3006fan, 42 pwnzor, 4wajzkd02, 59yrrah, 5infBrig, 8gabriel8, 96ayad, 9K58 Smerch, 9Martel9, A.Arc, A.Nath, ACfan, AD66, AEMoreira042281, AF56OA, AK85, APS (Full Auto), ARUNKUMAR P.R, AWEySOME GUY, AWoodland, Aaasssaasssaasssasasas, Abce2, Abhinav1993, AbigailAbernathy, Abombed446, Abrech, Acalamari, Acather96, Ace of Spades, Aceofspades1217, Acroterion, Adam850, AdamS, AdamantlyMike, Adamrush, Addshore, Adilkhan1, Adler87, Aechidori, After Midnight, AgentCDE, Ahmed.shasan, Ahoerstemeier, Aihduishduishi, Airforceguy, Airplaneman, Aitias, Ak472003, AkShUcKTmKReNeA, Akradecki, Alansohn, Alatin2000, AlbainianHelper, Albaniantrojan, AlbertFishIsMyHeroIan, Albi888, Aldis90, Aldux, Ale jrb, Alex '05, Alex earlier account, AlexanderWinston, Alexf, Alexius08, AlexiusHoratius, Alfa8202, Ali K, Alieninvadeun, AliveFreeHappy, Allyj111, Alphabetagammadeltaepsylon, Alphax, Altmany, Ams80, Anaraug, Andonut, Andrei Stroe, Andrew29910, Andrewlp1991, Andrewrp, Ani td, Animal-wiki, Animecheck, Anna Frodesiak, AnnaJGrant, Anonymous Dissident, Antandrus, Anthony Appleyard, Antiuser, Anwar saadat, Apatzi, Apparition11, Aquanaut 2000, Araf199, Arctic Warfare, Arisa, Arist Tara, Arnon Chaffin, Art LaPella, Artaxiad, Arx Fortis, Arz1969, Asad112, Asams10, Ashley Pomeroy, Ashmoo, AssKickerTom, AssetBurned, Asstoast, Atchison, Atomician, Atork85, Attila t, AuburnPilot, Aude, Autocracy, AvSats, Avala, Avanc3, Avatar9n, Avoided, Awesomebradley96, AxelBoldt, Ayceman, AyeBraine, Aznstudentdoctorthing, Azuris, B&W Anime Fan, B4LLLls4CCK, BD2412, BLAH1233, BTLizard, Ba7sawan, Baa, BabyJonas, Backslash Forwardslash, Baine124, Ballinnaked29, Balls maclongcock, Banshee, BanyanTree, Barbatus, Barek, Barface, Barnslig101, Baronnet, BarretB, Bart133, Basawala, Basketball110, Bboy1000000, Beastlyness24, Beaters, Beemer69, Beerslurpy, Ben10027, Bender235, Bento00, Bentogoa, Berean Hunter, Bersedoor11, BerserkerBen, Betterart, Betterusername, Bevo74, Bgs022, Bibliomaniac15, Big Bob the Finder, BigBoyRubio, Bigbelac123, Bigfatmeganerdjeremy, Bigmacpizza, Bigwhiteyeti, Biker Biker, BillC, Binkster77, Binksternet, Binkymagnus, Bissinger, Blacksmith23, Bladehate, Blahblah32blahblah, Blehfu, Blindsilence, BluWik, Blue520, Bluedustmite, Bluemoose, Blurpeace, Bmarunde, Bmx6000, Bobblewik, Boblolman, Bobo192, Bobobadope1234567, Bobrayner, Bogey97, BonesBrigade, Bonesiii, Bongwarrior, Booner15, Boris B, Boris Barowski, BornInLeningrad, Bornintheguz, Bovlax14, Bowin1, Brandmeister, Brandmeister (old), Brenden, Brian Crawford, Brian0918, Brianga, Brighterorange, Brinkley32, Broly12345 -, Bryan Derksen, Bsadowski1, Btball, Bubbadx, Bubbleboys, Buchanan-Hermit, Buckboom, Bucketsofg, Buddy431, BuddyJesus, Buffalo242424, Bunyip-Sun, Burner0718, BurtAlert, Bwithh, Byelf2007, Byron the punk, Bzuk, C.Fred, C0N6R355, C1r9u9m3p, C4FFI3N3GUYFTW, CHawc, CMarshall, CP\M, CSWarren, CWii, Cabalamat, Caesartheking123, Cafzal, Calabe1992, Calamari, CaliforniaAliBaba, Callanecc, Calltech, Calmer Waters, Caltas, Calvin 1998, CambridgeBayWeather, Camiotron, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, CanadianLinuxUser, Canderson7, CanisRufus, Canterbury Tail, Canthusus, Cap'n Refsmmat, CapitalR, Capricorn42, Captain panda, Captain-tucker, Captainchaos91, Captainm, Carambola, CardinalDan, Casito, Caster23, Catgut, Caveman 07, Caxon81, Cbh, Ccmmyy25, CeeWhy2, Cela0811, Century21000, Chamal N, Charlesdrakew, Charliemoo1, Checkpoint, Cheesemander, Cheez0r, ChicXulub, ChillyMD, Chirags, Chitomcgee, Chodorkovskiy, Christopher Parham, Chriswiki, Chromaticity, Chuck121, Chuk-Noriss, Chzz, Cimorcus, Cirt, CityOfSilver, Claidheamohmor, ClipCast, Cobaltbluetony, Coconut99 99, Coffeekid, Cole Jester, ColinClark, Commander Shepard, Commissioner Francisco IV, CommonsDelinker, Comothe3rd, ComputerJA, Con mystax, Conversion script, CopaSoap, Cornflake pirate, Corpx, Courcelles, Cowie1337, Cowsarecool45, Cpl brecknell, Cplakidas, Crazyman121, Crisqo1105, Crohnie, Crserrano, Cruddler, Crunkjelly, Crzrussian, Cst17, CumbiaDude, Curps, CynicalMe, Cyrius, D.E. 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LeCour, Richardcavell, Richiekim, Riddley, Riley Huntley, Ripper man5, RisingSunWiki, Rjwilmsi, Rl81566, Roach Sanderson, Robbie098, RobertG, Rocastelo, Rockvee, Rockybiggs, Rodina38, RolliePollie, Ronhjones, Roulo42, RoverRH, Rrburke, Rs4815, Rsquid, Runningflame321, RussianTrooper, Russianmissile, Russiannamer, Rusty14hayden, Ruy Pugliesi, Ryan032, Rynky, Ryulong, S, SAHRA-DESERT, SCIENCE4EV, SDC, SGGH, SPUI, SQL, ST47, SWAdair, Sabatoge101, Saint Ryan, Salamurai, Salvio giuliano, Sam Hocevar, Sandstein, Sandy13991, SandyGeorgia, Sango123, Sasabune, Saturn-78, Savidan, Scarian, Sceptre, Schefflertime, SchfiftyThree, Schmupple, Schuergman, ScottyBerg, Screwmimom, Seahorseruler, Seb.lea, SelfQ, Semi-Lobster, Semiauto223, SemperFi1775, Sephiroth BCR, Sergei Kholmskiy, Seth5000, Sf, Sfrancois, Sgt maj shutup, Shadow1, ShadowOps, Shanes, ShapeTub76, Shawnc, Shepshep, Sherurcij, Shorelander, Shotgunlee, Shovon76, Sietse Snel, Silivrenion, Sioraf, SireMarshall, Sirwanii, Skater, Skater1997, Skizzik, Skyline 09, Skyline63, Slayerment, SlightlyInsane, Slightlymuddy, Slightsmile, Slikstick, Smartbrother225, Smartguy12345678909, Smarttim, SmartyBoots, Smelliot9, Smelly22, Smsarmad, Snelson, Snigbrook, Sniperjesus, Snoopfighter, Snoyes, Soakologist, Socrates2008, Soliloquial, Some guy, Someguy1221, Someone000JJT, Somethingvacant, Sonar610, Sortior, Sovar, SpaceFlight89, Spangineer, Spartan078, Spartan198, Specal ops,

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SpeedyGonsales, Spetsnaz alfa, Spetsnazgru220044, Spiff, SpuriousQ, Squalla, Squash, Sreekanthv, Srinathsudhu, Srleffler, StaticGull, Stevecortez, StickWriter, StradivariusTV, Strangways, Stupideuan, Sturmvogel 66, Sturunner, Sumanch, Sumirp, Super-Magician, Superbeecat, Superscott21212, Supersixfour, Suri 100, Surv1v4l1st, Sus scrofa, Sutan alief, SuzanneKn, Swallis56, Sydney.city.easts, Sydneyfong, Syraxiius, T-borg, TBDreama, THABEASTER27, THEMAN5678, THEN WHO WAS PHONE?, TITIESSS, Taco325i, Tag4281, Taggard, Tamizi ts, Tapir Terrific, Taroaldo, Tatrgel, Tbhotch, Tbjbjgbnjbnrjbn, TeaDrinker, Tec15, Tecca, Ted Longstaffe, Teles, Tempodivalse, Tezcaman, Tfo181, ThatCreepyStatue, Thazi, The Banner, The Epopt, The Fat Man Who Never Came Back, The Land, The Nut, The Thing That Should Not Be, The one and only weiner, TheArashmatashable, TheAznSensation, TheBorg291, TheTranc, Thebosnianboy11, Theoriginalchucknorris, Thernlund, Theultimateditor, Thingg, ThreeDee912, Thucydides of Thrace, Thumperward, Thunderbrand, Tide rolls, Tigaernach, Tim1059, TimBentley, Timir2, Tingrin87, TitaniumCarbide, Titoxd, Tj8805, Tmac-117, Tobeycranston, Tom harrison, Tom456898, Tommy2010, Tomsparely, Tony1, Topory, Tornedoar, Tot12, Tourbillon, Tournesol, Tpbradbury, Tpirates, Tptptpu, Treeshrub, Tri400, Trikster13, Triona, Trollolol123, Tspiderman, Turian, Twin Master, Twinsday, Twinxor, Tydus Arandor, Tyler Wiggers, Tyler1995, Tylerfolk, Tyranitar Man, TyreseJackson, Tyrol5, UberMan5000, Ugly123, Ukmannsniper, Ultratomio, Ultraussie, Uncle Dick, Uncle Milty, Unfocused, Unixxx, Unsy770, Unused0030, Urhixidur, User2004, UtherSRG, Uyuyij, VJ-Yugo, Vald, Valenciano, Valio subaru, Vayne, Vcelloho, Ve3, Vendettanjm, VenomousConcept, Verne Equinox, Versus22, Vertium, Victorgrigas, Victorkkd, Vik.sanchez, Vinie007, Viper010, Vishnava, Visionviper, Vrenator, Vroman, Wabernat, WadeSimMiser, Walter Hell, Wandalstouring, Warhero799, Warren, WarthogDemon, Wasabifo, Washburnmav, Wasted Sapience, Wayne Slam, Wayward, Wd1040, WeaselADAPT, Webthrow, WegianWarrior, WehrWolf, Wehwalt, Werbwerb, West Brom 4ever, Wetcat1, Whale123456789, Whatsit12, Whatthree16, Widr, Wii Wiki, Wikepedia 5, Wiki alf, Wiki13, WikiDao, WikiMan5500, Wikibofh, Wikidenizen, Wikipediarules2221, Wikipelli, Wilberth, Willamdiffo4, William Avery, William conway bcc, Wilybadger, Wimt, Winged Brick, Winterheart, Wirwing, Witan, Wiz9999, Wknight94, Wolf5853, Wolfling, Wolfmankurd, Wolfrock, Wonton, Woohookitty, Wrestle for Ever, WriterHound, Wwoods, X-F0ReSt FiRe-x, XM8 Carbine, XXXHiJxXx, Xarriz, Xavcam, Xiahou, Xobida, Xxsniperwolfexx, Yaf, Yamaguchi , Yamamoto Ichiro, Yamla, Yosri, Yosuthnmasa, Youngdubs, Yowhat'sup?, Ysangkok, Yshoulduknow, Ytred, Yxzrtu, ZErOMaStANerfMA2117, ZH Evers, Zachary12345, Zachotron, Zaqq, Zeke13z, Zelalemu, Zencohen, Zero16uk, Zetheis, Zidonuke, ZimZalaBim, Zippanova, Zlatko, Zntrip, Zocky, Zoicon5, Zombiegristle, Zondor, Zoohouse, Zzang1000, ^demon, , , , , , , , , 3563 anonymous edits

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Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Rifle AK-47.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Rifle_AK-47.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: Alex07 File:AKMS and AK-47 DD-ST-85-01270.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:AKMS_and_AK-47_DD-ST-85-01270.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Deadstar, Nemo5576, Safety Cap, 5 anonymous edits File:AK-47 type II Part DM-ST-89-01131.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:AK-47_type_II_Part_DM-ST-89-01131.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Hayden120, Malo, Mrkr6, Nemo5576, Phillip Bromley, Rama, 14 anonymous edits File:Afghan AKS-47.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Afghan_AKS-47.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Staff Sgt. Michael Bracken File:Chinese type 56 AK47.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Chinese_type_56_AK47.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: KVDP File:Viet Cong soldier DD-ST-99-04298.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Viet_Cong_soldier_DD-ST-99-04298.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: SSgt. Herman Kokojan File:AK47-rear-sight.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:AK47-rear-sight.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Erik Gregg from Ellicott City, MD, USA File:Marine AK-47.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Marine_AK-47.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was Koalorka at en.wikipedia File:Zastava M72AB2 grenade sights raised.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Zastava_M72AB2_grenade_sights_raised.JPG License: Public domain Contributors: en:User:Hunter la5 File:M70AB3.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:M70AB3.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Kos93 File:Grenade RGD-5 Navy.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Grenade_RGD-5_Navy.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Megapixie File:AK 47.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:AK_47.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: Matze187, Nemo5576, Nukes4Tots File:AK-47 and Type 56 DD-ST-85-01269.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:AK-47_and_Type_56_DD-ST-85-01269.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Evers, Nemo5576, 2 anonymous edits File:Cambodian AK-47.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cambodian_AK-47.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was Namvang at en.wikipedia File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Nightstallion File:MP Inspects Captured AK-47 Vietnam.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:MP_Inspects_Captured_AK-47_Vietnam.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: United States Army Heritage and Education Center File:Israel special forces.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Israel_special_forces.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: unknown File:Flag of Afghanistan.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Zscout370 File:Flag of Albania.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Albania.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Dbenbenn File:Flag of Algeria.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: This graphic was originaly drawn by User:SKopp. File:Flag of Angola.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Angola.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp File:Flag of Armenia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Armenia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: SKopp and others File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp File:Flag of Benin.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Benin.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp, rewritten by User:Gabbe File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Kseferovic File:Flag of Botswana.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Botswana.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp, User:Gabbe, User:Madden File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: SKopp File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Cambodia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Open Clip Art Library, first uploaded by Nightstallion; redraw the towers of Angkor Wat by User:Xiengyod. 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Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Flag of East Germany.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_East_Germany.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Flaggenentwurf: unbekannt diese Datei: Jwnabd File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anime Addict AA, Antonsusi, Cycn, Duschgeldrache2, Emc2, Fastily, Fred the Oyster, Fry1989, Homo lupus, Klemen Kocjancic, Maks Stirlitz, Mattes, Neq00, NeverDoING, Nightstallion, OAlexander, Permjak, SouthSudan, ThomasPusch, 2 anonymous edits File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg License: unknown Contributors: Aaker, Anime Addict AA, Antemister, Cycn, F l a n k e r, Fry1989, GoodMorningEthiopia, Happenstance, Homo lupus, Huhsunqu, Ixfd64, Klemen Kocjancic, MartinThoma, Mattes, Mozzan, Neq00, OAlexander, Pumbaa80, Rainforest tropicana, Reisio, SKopp, Smooth O, Spiritia, ThomasPusch, Torstein, Wsiegmund, Zscout370, 16 anonymous edits File:Flag of Gabon.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Gabon.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Gabbe, User:SKopp File:Flag of Georgia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Georgia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp File:Flag of Greece.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Greece.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: (of code) cs:User:-xfi- (talk) File:Flag of Guinea.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Guinea.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp File:Flag of Guyana.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Guyana.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp File:Flag of Hungary.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Hungary.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp File:Flag of India.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_India.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie, Mifter File:Flag of Iran.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Iran.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Various File:Flag of Iraq.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Iraq.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Unknown, published by Iraqi governemt, vectorized by User:Militaryace based on the work of User:Hoshie File:Flag of Kurdistan.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Alkari, Alno, Antemister, ChuchoHuff, Denelson83, Erlenmeyer, Flad, Gryffindor, Himasaram, J. Patrick Fischer, Liftarn, Mattes, Pumbaa80, R-41, Raymond, Stianbh, Timeshifter, Zscout370, , 6 anonymous edits File:Flag of Israel.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Israel.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: The Provisional Council of State Proclamation of the Flag of the State of Israel of 25 Tishrei 5709 (28 October 1948) provides the official specification for the design of the Israeli flag. The color of the Magen David and the stripes of the Israeli flag is not precisely specified by the above legislation. The color depicted in the current version of the image is typical of flags used in Israel today, although individual flags can and do vary. The flag legislation officially specifies dimensions of 220 cm 160 cm. However, the sizes of actual flags vary (although the aspect ratio is usually retained). File:Flag of Kenya.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Pumbaa80 File:Flag of Laos.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Laos.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Lesotho.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5 Contributors: Zscout370 File:Flag of Liberia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Liberia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Government of Liberia File:Flag of Libya.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Libya.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Various File:Flag of Macedonia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Macedonia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp, rewritten by User:Gabbe File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Madagascar.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp File:Flag of Mali.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Mali.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:SKopp File:Flag of Malta.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Malta.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Alkari, Fry1989, Gabbe, Homo lupus, Klemen Kocjancic, Liftarn, Mattes, Meno25, Nightstallion, Peeperman, Pumbaa80, Ratatosk, Rodejong, Zscout370, 5 anonymous edits File:Flag of Mexico.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Mexico.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Alex Covarrubias, 9 April 2006 Based on the arms by Juan Gabino. 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Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

File:Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Flag designed by ore Andrejevi-KunSVG coding: Zscout370 File:Flag of Zambia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Zambia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Author: Tobias Jakobs (in the public domain) and User:Zscout370 (Return fire) File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Madden

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License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/