Trng Cao ng Cng Ngh Thng Tin TP.

HCM Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin

BI TP THC HNH H IU HNH LINUX

y l ti liu s dng ni b c xy dng bm st theo chng trnh ging dy b mn h iu hnh Unix ca khoa Cng ngh thng tin. Ti liu nhm cung cp cho sinh vin cc dng bi tp thc hnh vi mc ch hng dn sinh vin lm quen vi cc thao tc c bn trn mi trng h iu hnh Linux.
Bin son bi:
1. V Tn Dng 2. Nguyn Nam Trung Email: Email:

Danh mc bi tp

Phn I Lm quen vi h iu hnh Linux ........................................................................ 2 Phn II Ci t v s dng h iu hnh Linux ............................................................... 4 Phn III H thng tp tin v qun tr h thng tp tin ...................................................... 7 Phn IV Qun tr ngi dng / nhm v file permission ............................................... 13 Phn V Ci t phn mm v trnh tin ch .................................................................... 17 Phn VI Qun l tin trnh.............................................................................................. 18 Phn VII Mng cn bn .................................................................................................. 19 Hng dn nh dng, format cng trn Linux .............................................................. 20

Phn I Lm quen vi h iu hnh Linux

Bi 1: Tm hiu s dng Linux
1. Chp hai tp tin nn Linux91.zip v Linux92.zip v my Windows, tin hnh gii nn chng vo cng mt th mc. 2. MVMWare, Chn File/Open ch ng dn n th mc cha 2 tp tin nn va mi gii nn. 3. Chnh li RAM my o 128MB. 4. Khi ng my o c h iu hnh Linux. Username: root Password: family 5. T kho st cc thnh phn trong Linux nh: thanh taskbar (linux gi l Panel), mn hnh nn, thanh Mnu v cc thnh phn trong Menu, biu tng Roots Hometrn mn hnh nn, to biu tng chng trnh calculator ra mn hnh nn, i hnh cho mn hnh nn... 6. Nhp phi vo mn hnh nn ca Linux, chn Terminal, l ca s g lnh ging nh cmd trong DOS.

Bi 2: S dng a USB trong my o chy Linux

Bc 1: Gn a USB vo khe USB ca my tht, ch cho Windows nhn xong hon ton a USB. Bc 2: Trn menu my o chn VM/Removable Devices/USB Devices Nu thy k bn USB Devices l ch Empty th Linux cha nhn c USB Nu thy k bn USB Devices c dng ch cho bit tn ca cng ty sn xut a USB th nhp vo n sao cho xut hin du check k bn dng ch ny. Bc 3: Vo trong h iu hnh Linux, m Terminal g vo lnh fdisk l, nu thy c mt a mi xut hin th chnh l a USB. Ghi nhn li tn thit b v h

Trang2

thng file ca a USB . V d tn l /dev/sdb1 (ch c 1 partition) v h thng file l FAT. Bc 4: To th mc /mnt/diskUSB, tin hnh mount a USB vo h thng Linux nh sau: mount

-t

vfat

/dev/sdb1

/mnt/diskUSB

(enter)

Trang3

Phn II Ci t v s dng h iu hnh Linux

Bi 3: Partition v format a cng trong Linux (my o)
Bc 1: M VMWare, khoan khi ng Linux. Trn mnu ca VMWare, chn VM/Settings ri to mt cng o mi theo chun IDE, dung lng 2GB. Bc 2: Khi ng Linux, m Terminal g vo lnh fdisk l kim tra xem Linux thy a mi cha (hda). Chun b chia a ny thnh 2 partition, mi partition 1GB. Partition th nht s format theo h thng file ext2, partition th 2 s format theo h thng file FAT32. Bc 3: G lnh fdisk /dev/hda (hng dn dng fdisk xem bn di) Tin hnh s dng cc lnh con trn chia a, sao cho: Partition th nht: hda1 c kiu LinuxNative (83 hexa). Patition th hai: hda2 c kiu FAT32 (b hexa). Bc 4: Dng lnh mkfs format 2 partition mi nh sau: mkfs mkfs -t -t ext2 vfat /dev/hda1 /dev/hda2 <Enter> <Enter>

(V partition 1 chn theo kiu ext2 ~ 83, partition 2 chn theo kiu FAT32 ~ b) Bc 5: To 2 th mc con trong /mmt l disk1 v disk2 Tin hnh mount 2 partition trn vo h thng: mount -t mount -t ext2 vfat /dev/hda1 /dev/hda2 /mnt/disk1 /mnt/disk2 <Enter> <Enter>

Sau c th s dng mmt/disk1 v mmt/disk2 nh l 2 a logic trong MS-Windows. S dng xong th ln lt unmount chng khi h thng.
Trang4

Bi 4 : Chia a
Chia a bng lnh fdisk theo s sau (chn add a o loi IDE hoc SCSI ty ): 1GB Primary (ext2 mount vo /mnt/hdd1) 1GB Logical (ext2 mount vo /mnt/hdd5) 1GB Logical (vfat mount vo /mnt/hdd6) 1GB Logical (vfat mount vo /mnt/hdd7) Partition s 2 (extend) Partition s 1 (primary)

Bi 5 : S dng cc lnh sau y, so snh cc kt qu v nhnxt

1) df -h 2) df -hT 3) df -hTx loi-h-thng-file-khng-mun-xem tn--a V d: df -hTx ext2 /dev/hda 4) du -hac [tn-th-mc]

V d :

du -hac /etc du -hac /etc | more du -hac

Ch : cch s dng lnh c more

Bi 6 : S dng gi Linux c giao din ha

Tin hnh ng nhp v ng xut ch ha (GUI) v ch dng lnh (Textmode). S dng cc lnh tt my v khi ng my bng nhiu cch khc nhau. c hiu v cc mc ca runlevel ri dng lnh init thc hin cc runlevel. Thc hnh v hon thin lnh (g thiu tn lnh ri dng phm Tab 2 ln) v cch s dng li lnh c (dng phm mi tn ln xung chn li lnh c). Thc hin mt s lnh n gin nh ls, cd, cal, date

Trang5

 S dng lnh man gi mn hnh tr gip lnh (cch s dng cc phm iu khin v thot mn hnh man) xem trang 45 sch ting Anh Fundamentals of Linux.

Bi 7 : Lm bi Exercise trang 17 sch Fundamentals of Linux.

Trang6

Phn III H thng tp tin v qun tr h thng tp tin

Bi 8 : Bi tp v soft link (symbol link)
a. To ng dn v tp tin nh sau: /grandfather/father/son/rootfile.txt. Phi nhp ni dung cho rootfile.txt b. Xy dng ng dn /grandmother/mother/daughter/softfile.txt (trong softfile l symbol link n rootfile.txt). Kim tra xem ni dung ca softfile.txt c ging rootfile.txt khng? c. Dng lnh tee a nhp thm ni dung cho softfile.txt. Kim tra xem rootfile.txt c thay i ni dung khng? d. Dng lnh tee a nhp thm ni dung cho rootfile.txt. Kim tra xem softfile.txt c thay i ni dung khng? e. Dng lnh ls vi option thch hp kim tra tp tin rootfile.txt v softfile.txt c bao nhiu link, c nhng permission g v thuc quyn s hu ca user no. Dng lnh diff so snh hai tp tin rootfile.txt v softfile.txt, cho nhn xt. f. Trong th mc daughter, to thm mt file softfile2.txt l soft link n rootfile.txt. Tin hnh xa file softfile.txt. Sau kim tra s tn ti v ni dung ca rootfile.txt, softfile.txt, softfile2.txt. Cho nhn xt. g. Tin hnh xa file rootfile.txt. Sau kim tra s tn ti v ni dung ca rootfile.txt, softfile.txt, softfile2.txt. Cho nhn xt. h. Trong linux c bao nhiu lnh cho to symbol link?

Bi 9 : Bi tp v hard link (physical link)

a. Trong th mc /abc to tp tin rootdoc.txt c nhp ni dung. Trong th mc /def to tp tin harddoc.txt l hard link ti rootdoc.txt. Trong th mc /hgi to tp tin harddoc2.txt l hard link n rootdoc.txt. b. Thc hin cc cng vic tng t nh bi 8 trn. Cho nhn xt tng phn nh bi 8.
Trang7

Bi 10 : Bi tp v lnh cat, touch, more, less

Lnh touch dng lm g? Lnh cat c my cng dng. Thc hin cc chc nng ca chng. (xem thm trang 72 v 78 trong sch Fundamentals of Linux). Thc hin cc v d ca lnh more v less (xem thm trong sch Fundamentals of Linux v cc sch tham kho khc).

Bi 11 : Bi tp v wc v sort
Hin th s lng cc t trong mt file text. Hin th s dng trong mt file text. Hin th s k t trong mt file text. Hin th danh sch cc file trong th mc /usr/bin v sp sp kt qu tr li theo th t gim dn / tng dn. Hin th s lng cc file trong mt th mc c th no (v d : /etc). Gi : s dng c ch ng lnh (pipe)

Bi 12 : Bi tp v lnh head, tail

Dng lnh cat xem /etc/passwd ri copy tp tin passwd sang /mydir/mypasswords.txt Dng lnh head cho bit thng tin v 3 user u trong mypasswords.txt Dng lnh tail cho bit thng tin v 3 user cui trong mypasswords.txt Lnh no trong ba lnh trn cho ta bit thng tin t user th 4 cho n ht. Cho bit thng tin ca user th 4 n user th 15. S dng lnh wc cho thch hp cho bit tng s user trong mypassword.txt

Trang8

Bi 13 : Kiu file
1. C bao nhiu cch xem kiu file ca cc tp tin v th mc con trong mt th mc ca linux? Thc hin cc cch .

Bi 14 : So snh v gii thch kt qu khi thc hin

a. cat taptinkhongco && mkdir -p /a1/b1/c1 ; ls / | grep a1 cat taptinkhongco ; mkdir -p /a2/b1/c1 ; ls / | grep a2 b. echo "line1" echo "line1">abc.txt ; echo "line2">abc.txt ; echo "line3">abc.txt echo "line1">abc.txt ; echo "line2">>abc.txt ; echo "line3">>abc.txt c. cat taptinkhongco > abc1.txt cat taptinkhongco 2> abc1.txt

Bi 15 : Khng chy lnh sau, hy d on kt qu ri thc hin lnh

ls ~ | tee home.txt | cat

Bi 16 : Thc hin theo th t cc yu cu sau

1. Chuyn vo th mc /etc/init.d So snh v gii thch kt qu ca lnh pwd v pwd -P 2. So snh v gii thch kt qu khi thc hin cc nhm lnh sau:
cd cd / && pwd / && pwd && cd -P /etc/init.d && cd -L /etc/init.d && pwd && cd && pwd && cd ~

3. Chuyn vo th mc /etc 4. So snh v gii thch kt qu ca cc lnh ls, ls -i, ls -l, ls -a, ls -ila 5. Thc hin hin th kt xut tng lnh trn theo tng trang mn hnh 6. Cc tp tin c mu white, blue, green, cyan, orange c kiu g? 7. Gii thch kt qu khi thc hin cc lnh
mkdir mkdir mkdir /a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h /a -p /a/b /a/b/c

/a/b/c/d/e/f
Trang9

Bi 17 : Thc hin theo th t cc yu cu sau

1. Login in Linux OS, sau s dng cc lnh sau : date, pwd, ls, who, su, cal, cat, more, head, tail. 2. S dng lnh cat to ra file vi tn file l : thegioimang.txt. Nhp ni dung file thegioimang.txt nh sau : Cho mng cc bn n vi din n Mng My Tnh wWw.TheGioiMang.oRg. Ni giao lu trao i v chia s cc kin th Mng My Tnh ni ring v CNTT ni chung . Chc cc bn thnh cng v hnh phc !!! 3. To ra cy th mc nh sau :
athena |-- class1 |-- class2 | |-- basic_network |-- class3 | |-- Linux |-- class4 | |-- ccna |-- class5 | |-- ccnp |-- class6 |-- mcsa |-- ceh

4. Copy file thegioimang.txt vo trong cc th mc : class1,class2,class3and class4. o To thm 2 file mi bt k vi ni dung trng (dng lnh touch). Sau copy n qua class5 v class6. o S dng lnh pwd 5. Xa file thegioimang.txt trong class1, class3 6. Di chuyn ccna qua ccnp v Linux qua ceh 7. Copy ni dung ca th mc ceh vo bn trong th mc ccnp 8. To ra cc lin kt cng (hard link) v lin kt mm (symbol link) gia file thegioimang.txt v cc file trng va to trn 9. Xa cc lin kt cng v lin kt mm 10. Tng hp li cc lnh v cho nhn xt v cc lnh
Trang10

Bi 18 : Ty chn i
Ty chn (option) i trong cc lnh cp, mv, rm c ngha l g? Thc hin mt s v d chng minh cc ngha .

Bi 19 : Thc hin cc thao tc sau

1. Cho bit th mc HOME ca mnh (users home directory) 2. Gi s ang th mc HOME ca bn, hy cho bit ng dn tng i n th mc /etc 3. Cho bit lnh dng chuyn sang th mc /usr/lib 4. Cho bit lnh dng lit k tt c file v th mc th mc HOME 5. Cho bit lnh dng lit k tt c file v th mc k c th mc con th mc HOME, xem kt qu ny tng trang. 6. Cho bit lnh to alias l lietke tng ng vi lnh ls l 7. Yu cu nh cu trn nhng kt qu c lu vo file home.list 8. Cho bit lnh dng i tn file home.list trn thnh homelist.txt 9. Cho bit lnh to th mc linux2002 trong th mc HOME 10. Cho bit lnh copy file homelist.txt trn vo th mc linux2002 11. Cho bit lnh lit k tt c cc file trong th mc /etc bt u bng b, k, n 12. Cho bit lnh lit k tt c cc file trong th mc /etc bt u bng cc k t t m n t (m-t) 13. Cho bit lnh lit k tt c cc file trong th mc /etc c k t th hai l h 14. Cho bit lnh lit k tt c cc file trong th mc /etc c k t k cui cng l a 15. Cho bit lnh lit k tt c cc file trong th mc /etc bt u bng k t t a-e v khng bt u bng b, c 16. Cho bit lnh to file -myfile trong th mc HOME dng touch hoc cat 17. Cho bit lnh xo file -myfile to trn

Trang11

18. To cc file hello , hello? v hello* trong th mc linux2002. Cho bit lnh lit k quyn truy cp ca tng file k trn (mi lnh ch lit k cho 1 file) 19. Cho bit lnh lit k ni dung th mc /boot, kt qu c sp xp theo th t ngc (zZ-aA) v lu kt qu ny vo file bootlist.txt trong th mc HOME 20. Cho bit lnh in ra cc thng tin ca user sv trong file /etc/passwd 21. Cho bit lnh in ra tt c cc dng trong file /etc/passwd c cha chui /bin/bash 22. Cho bit lnh in ra tt c cc dng trong file /etc/passwd khng cha chui /bin/false 23. Cho bit gi tr s octal tng ng vi cc quyn truy cp rwxr-xr-x r-xrwxrw rw-r--r-24. Cho bit lnh i quyn truy cp tt c cc file .ttf trong th mc HOME sao cho ch owner c quyn c ghi v group c quyn c. 25. To mt th mc trong th mc HOME. B tt c quyn thc thi trn th mc v cd vo th mc ny. Cho bit li xy ra, t gii thch ngha quyn thc thi i vi th mc. 26. Cho bit ng dn y ca lnh startx v lnh dng ly thng tin 27. Cho bit lnh xem 20 dng cui ca file /etc/services. Tng t cho 20 dng u. 28. Cho bit lnh xem cc user hin ang login vo h thng 29. Cho bit lnh to archive linux2002.tar.gz vi ni dung l ton b th mc linux2002 trong th mc HOME 30. Cho bit ngha v cc tu chn thng dng ca cc lnh sau: clear, cut, uniq, tr, wc, file, du, df, date, cal, dirname, basename, uname, tee, whereis, whatis, locate

Trang12

Phn IV Qun tr ngi dng / nhm v file permission

Bi 20 : Thc hin ln lt cc thao tc qun tr ngi dng sau
1. To user sv 2. t password cho user sv l 123456 3. Cho bit user sv thuc group no (c trong file /etc/group) 4. Cho bit home directory ca user sv (c trong file /etc/passwd) 5. To group hocvien 6. Sa thng tin cho user sv thuc group root (group chnh) v group hocvien (group Ph) 7. Sa ghi ch cho user sv l Nguyen Van A 8. Login bng user sv (s dng lnh logout thot khi user hin ti) 9. S dng quyn root, lock account sv 10. Login bng user sv, cho bit kt qu 11. Unlock account sv, login th bng user ny 12. Yu cu user sv phi thay i password trong 7 ngy ti 13. Set thi gian ht hn cho account sv l ngy 30/09/2008 14. Sa li gi h thng: date s 1 Oct 2008, login bng user sv v cho bit kt qu.

Bi 21 : File permission
1. To 2 user l user1 v user2 khng c password thuc cng nhm c tn l normal. ng nhp vo h thng bng user1. (phi to nhm normal trc khi to cc user) a. Dng lnh umask cho bit mt n ca user1? b. Thay i mt n ca user1 sao cho khi to th mc c quyn ngm nh nh sau: Owner: rwx; Group: rw_; Other: r_ _. c. Vi mt n trn, khi to ra tp tin s c quyn ngm nh l g?
Trang13

d. Hy to tp tin baitap.txt v th mc Mydir. Dng lnh ls l cho bit thng tin chi tit v tp tin v th mc va to, c ng cc quyn (permission) th mc v tp tin nh quy nh ca mt n khng? 2. Thc hin tip theo ca cu 1. ng t user1 chuyn tm sang user2 ri thc hin cc vic sau trong th mc Mydir ca user1. Ch : user2 cng nhm normal vi user1. a. To tp tin. b. Copy tp tin t th mc khc vo Mydir. c. Copy tp tin t Mydir ra th mc khc. d. Xa tp tin trong Mydir. e. To th mc con trong Mydir. f. Hi kt qu nh th no? C c hay khng? Dng kin thc Table 8-1 trong sch Fundamentals of Linux gii thch. g. Chuyn tr v user1. 3. Tip theo cu 1 v cu 2. To thm user3 thuc nhm normal2. ng nhp vo h thng bng user3 hoc chuyn tm sang user3 (chuyn tm khi user hin hnh khc user3), ri thc hin cc vic sau trong th mc Mydir ca user1. Ch : user3 khng cng nhm vi user1. a. To tp tin. b. Copy tp tin t th mc khc vo Mydir. c. Copy tp tin t Mydir ra th mc khc. d. Xa tp tin trong Mydir. e. To th mc con trong Mydir. f. Hi kt qu nh th no? C c hay khng? Dng kin thc Table 8-1 trong sch Fundamentals of Linux gii thch. 4. Tip theo cu 1 v cu 2. ng t user1 chuyn tm sang root ri thc hin cc vic sau trong th mc Mydir. Ch : user root khng cng nhm vi user1, nhng root c quyn qun tr h thng. a. To tp tin.
Trang14

b. Copy tp tin t th mc khc vo Mydir. c. Copy tp tin t Mydir ra th mc khc. d. Xa tp tin trong Mydir. e. To th mc con trong Mydir. f. Hi kt qu nh th no? C c hay khng? Dng kin thc Table 8-1 trong sch Fundamentals of Linux gii thch. g. Chuyn tr v user1. 5. ng nhp vo h thng bng user root. Hy cho bit mt n ca user root bng lnh umask khng c option v c option l S. a. To tp tin fileroot1.txt, fileroot2.txt v th mc Dirroot trong /root. Cho bit permission ca chng. Dng lnh ls lit k cc permission ca chng ra giy. b. Chuyn ch s hu v nhm s hu ca fileroot.txt v Dirroot sang user1 v nhm normal (s dng lnh chown v chgrp). Cho bit permission ca chng v so snh vi cc quyn ghi ra giy cu trn. c. Chuyn tm t user root sang user1. Dng lnh chmod theo ch Symbolic Mode thc hin cc vic sau: Thm quyn c cho nhm mormal i vi tp tin fileroot1.txt. Cm quyn c cho cc user khng thuc nhm normal. Thm quyn thc thi cho user1, thm quyn c cho nhm normal v cc user khng thuc nhm normal. Gn quyn c v vit cho mi ngi. d. Dng lnh chmod theo ch Octal Mode thc hin cc cng vic nh trn i vi tp tin fileroot2.txt. e. Chuyn tr v user root. 6. To user sv1, cho vo group hocvien a. User sv to th mc /tmp/sv

Trang15

b. To tap tin /tmp/sv/sv.txt, phn quyn 774 cho tp tin ny. Gii thch ngha quyn 774. c. Phn quyn g=r cho th mc /tmp/sv, hi user sv1 c ls ni dung th mc ny c khng? C cd vo th mc /tmp/sv c khng? d. Phn quyn g=rx cho th mc /tmp/sv, user sv1 c ls ni dung th mc ny c khng? e. User sv1 c to c tin sv1.txt trong th mc /tmp/sv c khng? f. User sv1 c c ni dung ca file /tmp/sv/sv.txt c khng? g. User sv1 c ghi d liu vo file ny c khng? h. User sv1 c xa file ny c khng? i. chmod g=rwx (thm quyn w) cho th mc /tmp/sv j. User sv1 c xa file /tmp/sv/sv.txt c hay khng? k. User sv1 c to tp tin /tmp/sv/sv1.txt c khng? l. Chuyn quyn s hu ton th mc /tmp/sv cho user sv1. m. User sv to tp tin /tmp/test.txt, phn quyn 777 cho tp tin ny. User sv1 c xa tp tin ny c hay khng? n. Ghi ch v cc nhn xt rt ra c v file/dir permission.

Trang16

Phn V Ci t phn mm v trnh tin ch

Bi 22 : Ci t phn mm
1. RPM: a. Ci t b phn mm h tr VMWare Tool b. Chia s d liu gia Windows v Linux bng cng c WinSCP v Putty c. Cho bit cc gi rpm ang c ci trn my, lu kt qu vo file /root/rpm.txt d. Ci t gi phn mm mc 4.5 bng rpm e. Cho bit thng tin v gi phn mm mc ny f. Cho bit cc file c trong gi phn mm mc ny, lu kt qu vo file /root/mc.txt g. Cho bit version ca trnh bin dch gcc ang c ci trn my h. Update phin bn mc ln 4.6 i. Uninstall gi phn mm mc 2. Source: a. Nn ton b th mc /root thnh file /tmp/root.tar b. Nn ton b th mc /root thnh file /tmp/root.tar.gz c. Nn ton b th mc /root thnh file /tmp/root.tar.bz2 d. Gii nn tp tin root.tar.gz vo th mc /tmp/test e. Ci t phn mm mc t source f. G b phn mm mc ci t source

Bi 23 : Lm quen v s dng cc trnh tin ch trong Linux

1. Lm quen v thao tc vi MC (Midnight Commander). 2. Lm quen v thao tc vi trnh son tho Vi. Ch : Xem cch s dng v cc thao tc trong ti liu l thuyt chng 5.

Trang17

Phn VI Qun l tin trnh

Bi 24 : Thc hin ln lt cc thao tc sau
1. Xem danh sch cc process ang chy trn h thng bng ps 2. Xem danh sch cc process ang chy trn h thng bng pstree 3. Xem danh sch cc process ang chy trn h thng bng top 4. Lu cc kt qu ca lnh top vo file /root/top.txt 5. Xem t l CPU, RAM h thng ang s dng, ca tng process ang s dng 6. In thng tin process ang s dng nhiu CPU nht 7. m s process ang thc thi trn my 8. m s process ca user root ang thc thi trn my 9. m s process httpd ca user root ang thc thi trn my 10. Cho bit c bao nhiu process ang chy trong h thng (dng wc l) 11. Thc thi lnh in thng tin tt c cc tp tin, th mc trong h thng. Kt qu lu vo file /root/lietke.txt v in ra mn hnh. 12. Chuyn lnh trn vo ch bg 13. Tm ngng lnh trn 14. Cho php thc thi li cu lnh trn 15. M 2 ca s console (c th dng putty), thc thi cng lnh ls lR / vi u tin ln lt l -19 v +19, kim nghim xem lnh no s thc thi xong trc. 15. Thc thi cu lnh tm kim tt c cc file c kch thc >=100Kb vi u tin -5 16. Tng u tin ca cu lnh trn (renice) 17. Ngt cu lnh trn

Trang18

Phn VII Mng cn bn

Bi 25 : Cu hnh IP
1. Xy dng mng o VMNet8 chun b cho my o (chy Linux) v my tht tr thnh hai my thnh vin ca mng VMNet8. a. Tn cc card mng trong Linux lien quan n file no. Dng lnh ifcofig kim tra. b. M ti liu v v hc tm phn ni v cch gn a ch IP cho my Linux. Tin hnh gn a ch IP cho my Linux v gn a ch IP cho my tht sao cho c hai my c cng a ch IP vi ng mng VMNet8. c. Dng lnh hostname cho bit tn ca my Linux. Sau t tn cho my Linux vi tn ty . d. Dng lnh ifconfig kim tra IP ca my o v lnh ipconfig /all kim tra IP ca my tht. e. Kim tra hai my ny thng nhau bng lnh ping (ping t my tht vo my o v ngc li). 2. Cu hnh VMWare sao cho my o kt ni vi mng vt l ca phng thc hnh. Cu hnh file eth0 (hoc eth1 ty theo my o Linux) sao cho c th nhn IP ng. Khi ng li my o Linux ri kim tra a ch IP m my o Linux nhn c t DHCP-server ca phng my thc hnh. 3. Thc hin : a. Trong Linux, c th gn bao nhiu a ch IP cho mt card mng. Hy gn thm mt a ch IP na cho card mng c hai a ch IP trong mt card mng. b. Hy xem c php ca lnh gn IP tm thi trong Linux ri thc hin gn IP tm thi cho 1 card mng.

Trang19

Hngdnnhdng,formatcngtrnLinux
Trn Linux, s dng lnh fdisk phn chia partition ca cng, mkfs format, mount gn mt partition format vo mt mount point, chnh sa fstab Linux c th t ng mount khi boot. Khi thm mt cng vi vo h thng, cn dng lnh fdisk -l kim tra xem Linux gn cho cng mi device no.
# fdisk -l Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80060424192 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9733 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot /dev/hda1 /dev/hda2 /dev/hda3 * Start 1 263 2874 End 262 2873 9733 Blocks 2104483+ 20972857+ 55102950 Id 82 83 83 System Linux swap / Solaris Linux Linux

Disk /dev/sda: 40.0 GB, 40007761920 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 38154 cylinders Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Device Boot # Start End Blocks Id System

Trong v d trn, c th thy trn my ang c mt harddisk 80GB c gn vo /dev/hda v chia thnh 3 partition hda1, hda2, hda3. Harddisk th 2 40GB c gn vo /dev/sda, v harddisk ny cha c nh dng. Cn ch rng vi mt s H iu hnh Linux, s quy nh khe IDE0 tng ng vi /dev/hda, khe IDE1 tng ng vi /dev/hdb,... Cc cng SCSI, hay USB s c gn vo /dev/sda, /dev/sdb,... Vi /dev/sda mi cha c nh dng ni trn, trc ht ta dng lnh fdisk
# fdisk /dev/sda The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 38154.

Trang20

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Command (m for help): m Command action a b c d l m n o p q s t u v w x toggle a bootable flag edit bsd disklabel toggle the dos compatibility flag delete a partition list known partition types print this menu add a new partition create a new empty DOS partition table print the partition table quit without saving changes create a new empty Sun disklabel change a partition's system id change display/entry units verify the partition table write table to disk and exit extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help):

Sau khi dng lnh fdisk /dev/sda, s xut hin ch g lnh ca fdisk, n 'm' a ra cc hng dn v lnh ca fdisk. Trong v d ny, chn 'n' thm mt partition mi.
Command (m for help): n Command action e p p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-38154, default 1): 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-38154, default 38154): 20480 extended primary partition (1-4)

Trang21

Command (m for help):

Sau khi chn 'n', xut hin cc la chn: la chn 'p' to primary partition phn vng c th boot c, la chn 'e' to mt phn vng extended. Bc ny chn 'p'. Sau khi chn 'p', chng trnh s hi Partition number (1-4), g s 1. Chng trnh s cho php bn thay i First cylinder v Last cylinder. Chn First cylinder = 1 v Last cylinder =20480. Fdisk s quay tr li ch g lnh chnh ca n. Ti ch g lnh chnh, dng 'w' ghi li cc thng tin ni trn.
Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.#

Sau khi chn 'w', cc thng tin s c fdisk ghi li trn harddisk v fdisk t ng thot, quay tr li ch g lnh ca Linux. Ti y, g lnh fdisk -l kim tra cc thay i.
# fdisk -l Disk /dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80060424192 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9733 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot /dev/hda1 /dev/hda2 /dev/hda3 * Start 1 263 2874 End 262 2873 9733 Blocks 2104483+ 20972857+ 55102950 Id 82 83 83 System Linux swap / Solaris Linux Linux

Disk /dev/sda: 40.0 GB, 40007761920 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 38154 cylinders Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Device Boot /dev/sda1 Start 1 End 20480 Blocks 20971504 Id 83 System Linux

Trang22

Sau khi g lnh fdisk -l, c th nhn thy mt partition /dev/sda1 mi c to. format partition ny, s dng lnh mkfs
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1 mke2fs 1.38 (30-Jun-2005) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 2621440 inodes, 5242876 blocks 262143 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 160 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 16384 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 2654208, 4096000 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. # Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632,

Tu vo d nh ca bn to dng h thng file cho /dev/sda1 l ext2, ext3 hay mt nh dng khc m tao s dng tham s thch hp. Trong v d trn, ta format /dev/sda1 vi ext3. Sau khi format, s dng c /dev/sda1, cn phi mount n vo mt mount point, gi s mount vo mount point /media/data, ta dng lnh sau:

Trang23

# mount /dev/sda1 /media/data

Linux t ng mount /dev/sda1 vo mount point ni trn, cn phi thm vo file /etc/fstab dng sau: /dev/sda1 /media/data ext3 defaults 0 0. V d file /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab /dev/hda2 /dev/hda3 /dev/hda1 proc sysfs usbfs /proc /sys / /home swap proc sysfs reiserfs reiserfs swap defaults 0 0 noauto 0 0 debugfs noauto 0 0 noauto 0 0 /home/centos4_200 ext3 defaults 0 0 nfs defaults 0 0 usbfs acl,user_xattr 1 1 acl,user_xattr 1 2

defaults 0 0

debugfs /sys/kernel/debug /proc/bus/usb devpts /dev/pts /dev/sda1

devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0

192.168.0.1:/home/centos4 /media/data

kim tra partition no c mount vo mount point no dng lnh df

# df Filesystem /dev/hda2 udev /dev/hda3 /dev/sda1 # 1K-blocks 20972152 517332 55101224 20642412 Used Available Use% Mounted on 8155616 164 33054028 131232 12816536 517168 22047196 19462608 39% / 1% /dev 60% /home 1% /media/data

===== HT =====

Trang24