Ec9_ex41_Bending_I.

mcd

Bending moment

Page 1 of 5

Half flange width

b := 150

Half section depth

h := 240

Half closed part

c := 75

Flange thickness

t := 8

Web thickness

d := 4

Zero

o := 0

7 5
c
b
d
2h

Type of element
- Internal element:
- Outstand:

M1 := 1.1

fo := 300 MPa

Example 4.1. Bending moment resistance of cross section with

closed cross section part and outstands

T=0
T>0

Comment: Node 8 is added

to indicate shift in neutral axis
Nodes, co-ordinates (y, z), thickness (t) and types (T)

11

0
1
2
3

4
5
i := y :=
6
7
8

9
10
11

b
c
c
b

c
o
mmz :=
c
o
o

o
b
b

h
h
h
h

h
h c

mm t :=
h

h c
o 1

h
h
h

o
t
t
t

o
d
mm T :=
o
d
d

d
o
t

o
2
o
1

o
o

o
o
o

o
o
1

10

MPa 10 Pa
kN 1000 newton

300

200

100

The beam is composed by two extrusions. The weld is

close to the neutral axis why HAZ softening does not
influence the moment resistance.

Nodes
Area of cross
section
elements

i := 1 .. rows( y) 1

z
mm

0
0

100

rows( y) = 12

200

2
2

dA := t ( y y ) + ( z z )
i
i
i
i

1
i
i

300

Cross
section
area

rows( y) 1

A :=

dA

A = 7.269 10 mm

200

100

100

200

y
mm

i= 1

2007-10-25

THD

Ec9_ex41_Bending_I.mcd
First
moment
of area
Gravity centre
Second
moment
of area
Elastic section
modulus
Torsion
constant for
open parts

Bending moment

rows( y) 1

(i

z +z

S y :=

i= 1

rows( y) 1

Iy :=

i= 1

rows( y) 1

Itu :=

(ti)
dA
i

( )

Torsion constant
It :=
for closed part

Iy

max( z zgc)

Iy

min ( z zgc)

if t > 0 ,
i

i 1

)(zh + zh )

Atu = 5.625 10 mm

i 1

( yh yh ) + (zh zh )
2

i 1

Effective cross section.

8
8
th = mm
4
4

i 1

th

, 10

Dn = 71.783

It = 1.879 10 mm
min ( th) = 4 mm

22

It = 1.763 10 mm

Torsion constant
It := It + Itu
whole section
Torsion
Wv := 2 Atu min ( th)
resistance

6
3
Wel = 1.31 10 mm

t1

t2
th :=
t5
t
7

240
240 mm
165
240

Dn

Wv = 4.5 10 mm

First iteration

z
zgc z zgc

i 1
i

zgc < z zgc ,

,
i
i1
z zgc z
zgc
i
i 1

0.8
i := if i > 1 , 0.7 + 0.30 i ,

1 i

i := if z

Iy = 3.344 10 mm
Iy.gr := Iy

z1

z2
zh := zh =
z5
z
6

( )

rows yh 1

Iy := Iy A zgc

0.5 yh yh

i= 1
2
4 Atu

zgc.gr := zgc

Itu = 1.156 10 mm

zgc = 15.282 mm

75
75 mm
0
75

rows yh 1

Atu :=

Sy

i= 1

Dn :=

Outstand
Figure 6.2

zgc :=

Wel := if max( z zgc) > min ( z zgc) ,

Sum of l/t

(6.4 or 6.5)

dA

i= 1

6.1.4.3 (1)

z 2 + z 2 + z z i
i i 1 3
( i) ( i1)

Hollow part in top flange

y1

y2
yh := yh =
y5
y
6
Area within
mid-line

i 1

dA

Page 2 of 5

zd := z zgc
i
i
maxz := max( zd )

)
2
2
( yi yi1) + (zi zi1) , 1

i := if T > 0 , 1 , i
i

250 MPa
6.1.4.3 (1) c)
i := if t > 0 , i
o :=
o = 0.913

i
t
fo
i

maxz
maxz

, 99
6.1.4.4 (4) i := if ( z zgc) ( z
zgc) , if z
zgc < z zgc , o
, o
i
i

1
i

1
i
z zgc
z
zgc

i
i 1

2
2

i
i
i
i
6.1.5 (2) class

i
i

:=
if
T
>
0
,
if
>
6
,
10

24

,
1.0
,
if
>
22
,
32

220

,
1.0
ci


A, no weld
i
i
i

i
i

i

i

2007-10-25

THD

Ec9_ex41_Bending_I.mcd
Effective
thickness

Bending moment

teff := c t

Page 3 of 5

i
i =

i =

i =

teff

c =

mm

9.375

0.973

9.635

0.779

6.235

18.75

0.973

19.271

9.375

0.973

9.635

0.779

6.235

0.973

1.028

0.666

0.9

23.862

0.973

24.524

0.939

3.756

0.666

0.9

0.973

1.028

0.666

0.9

23.862

0.973

24.524

0.939

3.756

-0.109

0.667

27.696

99

0.28

0.064

0.719

42.968

99

0.434

99

0.01

37.5

99

0.379

Comment:
i was given a large
value (99) for elements
entirely on the tension
side

i =

Area of effective

thickness
2
2

dA := teff y y
+ z z
elements
i
i
i 1
i
i 1
i

Cross
section
area
First moment
of area

) (

rows( y) 1

Aeff :=

dA

A = 7.269 10 mm
i

rows( y) 1

(i

S y :=

i 1)

z +z

i= 1

6.1.4.3 (1) c)

6.1.4.4 (4)
6.1.5 (2)
class A,
no welds

dA

zgc :=

Sy
Aeff

zgc = 5.329 mm

Second iteration
z := zgc + 0.01 mm
8

Node 8 is moved to the neutral axis

from the first iteration

Outstand
element

Aeff = 6.952 10 mm

Effective cross section.

(6.4 or 6.5)

i= 1

Gravity centre

6.1.4.3 (1)

z
zgc z zgc

i 1
i

zgc < z zgc ,

,
i
z zgc z
i1
zgc
i
i 1

0.8
g := if i > 1 , 0.7 + 0.30 i ,

i
1 i

zd := z zgc
i
i

i := if z

g := if T > 0 , 1 , g
i

i := if t > 0 , g
i
i

maxz = 245.329 mm

) ( i1 zgc) , if zi1 zgc

i := if z zgc + z
i

)
2
2
( yi yi1) + (zi zi1) , 1

maxz := max( zd )

zgc = 5.329 mm
z = 5.339 mm z = 240 mm
8

< z zgc , o
i

maxz
z zgc
i

, o

maxz
z

i 1
2
i

zgc

i
i
i

i
i

c := if T > 0 , if
> 6 , 10
24 , 1.0 , if
> 22 , 32
220 , 1.0
i
i
i

i
i
i

i

i

2007-10-25

, 99

THD

Ec9_ex41_Bending_I.mcd

Page 4 of 5

teff := c t

Effective
thickness
i =

Bending moment

T =
i

i
g =

i =

i =

i =

teff

c =

mm

9.375

0.933

10.04

0.758

6.062

18.75

0.933

20.09

9.375

0.933

10.04

0.758

6.062

0.933

1.07

0.68

0.904

23.974

0.933

25.69

0.912

3.65

0.68

0.904

0.933

1.07

0.68

0.904

23.974

0.933

25.69

0.912

3.65

6.2610

-5

0.913

24.69
2.1910 -3

3.74

-2.4510 4

27.941
210 -3

0.935

0.7
3.26110 -5

1.132

10

99

0.01

11

37.5

99

0.38

Max slenderness
- Internal
elements

e := if T > 0 , 0 ,
i

Imax := max( e)

Max slenderness
- Outstands

Imax = 10.044
Cross section
class
6.1.4.4
Table 6.2

e := if T > 0 ,
i

i
i

, 0

Omax := max( e)

Omax = 10.044

(
(
(
)))
classO := if ( Omax 3 , 1 , if ( Omax 4.5 , 2 , if ( Omax 6 , 3 , 4 ) ) )
class := if ( classI > classO , classI , classO)
classI := if Imax 11 , 1 , if Imax 16 , 2 , if Imax 22 , 3 , 4

classI = 1
classO = 4
class = 4

Area of effective
2
2

thickness
dA := teff y y
+ z z
i
i
i 1
i
i 1
i

elements

Area of
effective
cross section
First moment
of area.
Gravity centre
Second
moment of
area of effective
cross section

) (

rows( y) 1

Aeff :=

dA

A = 7.269 10 mm

Aeff = 6.862 10 mm

i= 1

rows( y) 1

S y :=

(i

z +z

i= 1

rows( y) 1

Iy :=

i= 1

i 1

dA

zgc :=

Sy
Aeff

zgc = 3.31 mm

dA

z 2 + z 2 + z z i Ieff := Iy Aeff zgc2 Ieff = 3.158 108 mm4

i i 1 3
( i) ( i1)

Section
modulus

zd := z zgc
i
i

maxz.eff := max( zd )

Weff :=

Compare
gross
section

zd := z zgc.gr
i
i

maxz.gr := max( zd )

Wgr :=

2007-10-25

Ieff
maxz.eff
Iy.gr
maxz.gr

Weff = 1.298 10 mm
6

Wgr = 1.31 10 mm

THD

Ec9_ex41_Bending_I.mcd

Bending moment

Page 5 of 5

Plastic section modulus

Cross section
area of upper
part

Aup :=

t y y 2 + z z 2
i ( i i1) ( i i1)

i= 1

Move node 8
to plastic
neutral axis

z := z

Plastic section
modulus

Wpl :=

A = 7.269 10 mm

Aup = 3.249 10 mm

Aup

z = 68.566 mm
8

rows( y) 1

z +z

i 1

i= 1

t
i

( yi yi1) + (zi zi1)

2

Wpl = 1.475 10 mm
Wpl

= 1.126

Wel

Shape factor
(6.26)

3I := 1 +

22 Imax
22 16

Wpl

Wel

3O := 1 +

3 := if ( 3I < 3O , 3I , 3O)

Wpl

Wel

:= if class < 3 ,

(6.25)

MRd := Wel

6 4.5

Wpl

Wel

3 = 0.661

, if class < 4 , 3 ,

Wel

Weff

Bending moment resistance

6 Omax

class = 4

= 0.991

300

fo

M1

200

MRd = 354 kN m
Cross section
class

class = 4

Elastic neutral axis:

- first iteration dashed-dotted line
- second iteration
dashed line
Plastic neutral axis
dotted line

100

100

200

300

200

2007-10-25

100

100

200

THD