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Pragyan Vol 6 Issue 3
Pragyan Vol 6 Issue 3
Editorial Board
Patron : Dr. Bhuban Gogoi
Editor in Chief : Rana K. Changmai
Executive Editor : Sushanta Kar
Editors : Monika Devi, Rashmi Dutta, Mayuri Sharma Baruah, Manashi Rajkhowa,
Monika Das, Nilimjyoti Senapati, Surjya Chutia,Dr. Kamalesh Kalita
Students’ Repsentative : Pankaj Gohain (Magazine Secretary, TCSU)
Published by : Assam College Teachers’ Associatiom (ACTA) Tinsukia College
Unit, Tinsukia College, Tinsukia 786125
Contact : (Cell) 9954226966, email : Pragyan_tsc50@yahoo.co.in
Web : 1) http://sites.google.com/site/pragyan06now
2) www.perfspot.com/actapragyan05
Printed at : The Assam Computers (Govt.App ‘A’ category Press)
Parbotia, Tinsukia - 781625, Dial (0374) 2330424
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cosmology, as the first of 40 planned about a month each year. Quantum mechanics
distinguished research chairs. Over a three-year successfully describes nature at its smallest
period, the physicists will be expected to spend scales, while general relativity explains gravity
several weeks at PI each year as they pursue a and the cosmos at its biggest scales. String
common goal: to unravel the fundamental laws theory offers a promise of unifying the two,
that govern the universe. but also has strange consequences — 10
Sen, who has contributed to string theory, dimensions, or multiple universes. Sen is trying
a domain of theoretical physics that seeks to to apply string theory rules to black holes —
unify quantum mechanics with Einstein’s theory points in space so dense that even light cannot
of general relativity, said he plans to visit PI for escape their gravity. Sen’s papers related to
string theory have high levels of citations — a
measure of their scientific significance. A paper
titled Rolling Tachyons from 2002 has been
cited over 580 times in other papers. Another
from the same year has 480 citations.
The PI programme is intended to bring
together physicists from related but
complementary areas. The programme believes
when complementary insights are brought to
bear and critical mass is achieved, major
advances are possible. (PEB)
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ël¡A¡à [¤Ìå¡šøÎàƒ¹ [>®¢¡ãA¡, Ѭà‹ã> ³>à ³>ìi¡àìt¡à Îåœ íÒ "‹¸Ú>¹ š=à¹J> "à[Ạ[¤Ñzõt¡¡ú
=A¡à [¤ø[i¡á [¤ì¹à‹ã ³ì>஡௠\à[K l¡ü[k¡º¡ú A¡àì¹à W¡Aå¡t¡ ">>¸ šø[t¡®¡à‹¹ ¤¸[v¡û¡ "à[Ạ[¤Ìå¡ ¹à®¡à¡ú ëÎÒü
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ÅàÎA¡ [¤ì¹à‹ã š’ʡ๠"òà[¹ìº [™J>¹ ëºJàÒü W¡¹A¡à¹ã ³Òºt¡ ët¡ìJt¡ >õt¡¸¹ Îà‹>à "à¹ç¡ Kì¯Èoàt¡ ³N— íÒ[ạú [yŹ
™ì=Ê "àìºàØl¡>¹ Îõ[Ê A¡[¹[ạú t¡à¹ [šáìt¡à >K¹¹ ¤W¡à- ƒÅA¡ "à¹ç¡ W¡[ÀŹ ƒÅA¡¹ "๴±[o A¡àºt¡ >õt¡¸¹ ëÛ¡yt¡
¤W¡à Ñ‚à> ƒåJ>³à>t¡ ³ì>-³ì> [¤ø[i¡á W¡¹A¡à¹¹ št¡àA¡à >³àÒü ¹à®¡à샯¹ Îà󡺸¹ [>ƒÅ¢> ëšà¯à ™àÚ "γ¹ ¤à[Ò¹ìt¡à¡ú
®¡à¹t¡ãÚ št¡àA¡à l¡üìv¡àº> A¡[¹[ạú šå[ºW¡-ëW¡à¹à}ìW¡à¯à¹ A¡àÅã [Ò–ƒå [¤Å«[¤ƒ¸àºÚt¡ ">å[Ë¡t¡ ëÒà¯à Îà}ÑHõ[t¡A¡
Îì–ƒÒ t¡\¤\ãÚà "à¹ç¡ ÎA¡ìºà ëÛ¡yìt¡ "àK¹oå¯à &Òü ">åË¡à>t¡ ëÎÒü γڹ [¤Å«[¤ƒ¸àºÚJ>¹ l¡üšàW¡à™¢ l¡0 Τ¢šÀã
ët¡ì\àƒãœ ™å¯A¡\>¹ *š¹t¡ š[¹º ™[ƒ* šøt¡¸Û¡ šø³ào¹ ¹à‹àAõ¡Ì¡o šø³åìJ¸ "ì>A¡ P¡oã-`¡à>㠃ŢA¡¹ l¡üš[Ñ‚[t¡t¡
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 44
¹à®¡àìƒì¯ ët¡ìJt¡¹ [¤J¸àt¡ [ů t¡àr¡¯ >õt¡¸¹ ºKìt¡ "à¹ç¡ l¡üì„Ÿ ">å™àÚã Kãt¡¹ ®¡àÈ๠Ŧ, á–ƒ "à¹ç¡ Îå¹-
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šøÅ}Îà ºà®¡ A¡[¹[ạú ëÎÒü >õt¡¸à>åË¡à>ìt¡ ët¡ìJìt¡ ëÅøË¡ [¤ìÅÈâ«¡ú "Aõ¡[y³ ³à>¯à>å®è¡[t¡ šøA¡àìÅ Kãt¡ì¤à¹A¡
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ë™à¯à Î}J¸à šø`¡à>¹ ºKt¡ šøA¡à[Åt¡ ëÒà¯à A¡[¤t¡à¹ [¤ìÅÈ š[¹šå[¹A¡àJ>t¡ i¡³àW¡ ëÎàìoà¯àº "à¹ç¡ Ò[¹ [Î} ëi¡à³¹¹ A¡[¤t¡à
ƒåi¡àt¡ ëA¡Òüi¡à³à> Ŧ ®å¡ºîA¡ šøA¡àÅ íÒ[ạú t¡à¹ ¤àì¤ "à[³ ƒå@[Jt¡¡ú -ÿ- δšàƒ>à Î[³[t¡
[Communist manifesto in 1848 …. In this crises, there breaks out an epidemic that, in all earlier
epochs, would have seemed an absurdity – the epidemic of over-production …]
Career Tabloid
National Council for Hotel Management & Catering Technology
A-34, Sector-62, NOIDA - 201301
an autonomous body under Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India
ANNOUNCES JOINT ENTRANCE EXAMINATION - 2009
for admission to 3 Year B.Sc. in Degree program in Hospitality & Hotel Administration
National Council for Hotel Management & Airlines and Cruiselines Industry, Indian Armed Forces,
Catering Technology in collaboration with Indira Gandhi Indian Railways and others.
National Open University, ofters 3-Year Bachelor of Interested candidates who have passed or are
Science Programme in Hospitality and Hotel appearing in 10+2 or equivalent examination from
Administration for batch beginning July 2009. The recognized boards may access Council’s website
programme is aimed to produce Hospitality Graduates www.nchmct.org for details about admission. Application
for their employment at Managerial / Supervisory and Form and Information Brochure for JEE-2009 can be
other levels in major International/ National Hotel chains, obtained from affiliated Institutes of Hotel Management
International/National Restaurant chains /Food chains, (Contd. on Page 78)
Table II
Decision about own health Decision about buying Decision about going to
Female
care jewellery market/staying with parents/
friends
Alone Husband/ Alone Husband/ Alone Husband/
someone else’s someone else’s someone else’s
Married Nil 10 Nil 10 Nil 10
Unmarried 1 1 1 1 1 1
Table III
Raise their voice to
Attend Meeting Prepare Report protest injustice or Voting Decision
exploitation
Elder male Husband/
Regularly Sometimes Alone Husband/ Herself members Other
Own
someone of the members of
else village the family
8 4 3 9 1 11 2 10
/Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
/ 72
(C) Women’s acceptance of unequal gender role the female members are not able to prepare the
: This indicator of evidence of empowerment report of their own ward. They take the help of
seeks to measure women’s accepantance of their family members. As most of the female
different gender roles by examining whether members of the family are not educated, they seek
women’s education aspiration for children differ help from the male members. In indirect way the
by amount of education that women say should power is shifted to the male members.
be given to a girl accordingly to the amount they (B) Employment; The participation of women
have said should be given to a boy. in economic activities particularly outside the
While women opined that — both boy and home is often considered as an important
girl should be given equal scope of education, enabling factor affecting economic and social
majority aspire to give girls less education empowerment of women. Not only can
than boy. employment be a source of economic
This review of the evidence of independence, but it can help to give women a
empowerment of women shows that gender sense of self-worth.
equality is low among women. Son preference In order to evaluate the extent to which
remains high and virtually unchanged. A women have access to employment that has the
preference for sons also reflects women’s potential to provide financial independence we
accepantance of gender role that ascribe a higher have examined the proportion of women
status to males than females. employed. We have found that the proportion
Indicators of access to potential source for employed for cash is as expected much lower. This
empowerment : shows that the female members are not
(A) Literacy and education: Education is one economically independent. Some of the elected
of the most important mediums through which female members in Gaon Panchayat said that they
knowledge and information is acquired. Hence have to look to their husband or father even for
access to education has been recognized as a the communication expenses. Two of the members
fundamental right of both men and women. The reported that the system of part time job should
empowering role of women’s education is be removed from Panchayat. They should be
multipronged, affecting not only every aspect given a high salaried full time job. They can’t
of women’s life, but also the lives of their actively participate because they are given only
children and others who are likely to depend on Rs. 500.00 (Rupees Five hundred only).
them. Therefore we have compared women and (C) Awareness and interest: Hardly any woman
men in terms of their level of literacy and representative said that she took up women
educational attainment. specific issues in the Panchayat and neither did
Our survey shows that the level of literacy the women constituents approach her to take up
and education is also very low. Most of the their issues. They are not aware about their rights
members, both male and female, education level and are neither interested also. They were asked
is under HSLC. However, when we compare the whether they read newspaper, watch TV etc.
level of literacy among male and female member, Though some of them reported that they read
we found that there is a discrepancy and female newspaper they do not know about the rights
member’s education level is lower than male given to them.
members. When we raised question about their Indicators of the setting for empowerment :
low education, the female members said the poor These indicators focus on the circumstance
family, household burden, baby sitting and their of women’s life and reflect the opportunities
parents’ ignorant attitude are the responsible factor available to women.
for their low education. Due to lack of education (A) Age at marriage: We found in these
73 / /Vol. VI, Issue - III, March'09
respective Panchayats that women’s age at Hence through education they should be
marriage is between 14 to 18 years. made aware of their rights so that they
Consequently early marriage disempowered can consciously participate in all walks
women by curtailing their opportunities for of life.
sufficient education and skill development 2) Men still consider women subservient to
impeding proper physical and mental men; they have disapproved granting of
development before taking the huge burden of equality to women .Deliberate and
reproduction and other social obligation. . planned efforts are necessary to change
(B) Residence in nuclear or joint family: Most the value system of society.
of the members live in joint family structure. This 3) Political empowerment is meaningless
activity shows that their household burden and without Economic empowerment. So the
working hours are high. Even after their heavy rural women should convert their skill
burden they have to draw support from elder and labour for productive purpose.
members of the family. The above findings In conclusion, we want to draw the
highlight that women’s political consciousness attention that women representation in
is restricted by private domain. Panchayat level only fulfils the constitutional
(C) Experience of violence: All the female measures adopted by 73rd amendment of
members reported that, they have not yet Indian constitution. In real situation it is not
experienced violence by their family members. much effective. Political mobilization of
(D) Behaviour of male colleague: In women on political issues and the conscious
Panchayat level the male colleagues behave political education of women are the
well with them. Two of the female members essential pre-conditions for more effective
reported that due to different political creed, political participation. Women’s entry to
the majority of male members did not give politics will be effective only if the value
importance to their comments. In such an system of society is changed. This can be
atmosphere the female members feel possible if traditional values are replaced by
uncomfortable when they attend the Panchayat. progressive ones. Also they should be
Suggestion and Conclusion liberated from private domain. Gender
The following suggestions can be made to equality in society, knowledge and
fulfil the goal of effective political awareness, access to and control over
empowerment: economic resources are necessary in the
1) Political empowerment is more effective process of political empowerment of women.
only when the women are educated. Also Women’s entry into political field will be
the masses should be educated to perceive more meaningful if there is independent society
the equality of boy and girl. Most of the oriented agenda. That agenda should not be
women are not aware of their right which women oriented but which includes the whole
is given to them by our constitution. society in a broad sense.!
Bibliography/ Webliography :
Assam Govt. website: Status of Panchayati Raj state profile
Dutta N L: Empowerment of women -published in Journal of politics vol 5 December, 1998.
Economic and Political Weekly xxx1x vol7 February 14-20, 2004.
Mahanta Aparna :Human rights and women of north-east India (2005)
Kamanth “Empowering the Indian women” The Sentinel 18th August, 2007.
(The authors teache Economics and Political Science respectively)
Of all the forces that have worked and particular, and for the whole of human race, in
are still working to mould the destinies general. Herein lies the real significance of a
of human race, none certainly, is more religion. But, unfortunately due to the
potent than that the manifestation of unnecessary disruptive tendencies which are
which we call religion– Swami set as a limit to religion that this positive
Vivekananda. understanding of religion got affected.
I f you are a college/ university teacher or a freelance writer then Pragyan is a platform which you can exploit. It has
these days online edition as well. We are here to publish your writings. Writings can be sent for any issue. We request
you to write clearly on one side of a full scape paper. Name, address, e-mail address, mobile number alongwith the title
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We believe not on the bondage of knowledge, but in its freedom
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