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Digestive System KNP
Digestive System KNP
Chapter 2 Section 2
Digestion is the process that breaks down food into small molecules so that they can be absorbed and moved into the blood, then on to the cells.
MECHANICAL
DIGESTION
Takes place when food is chewed, mixed, and churned. This mainly occurs in the mouth and stomach.
CHEMICAL DIGESTION
occurs when chemical reactions occur that break down large molecules of food into smaller ones.
ENZYMES IN DIGESTION
Enzymes help you digest carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Amylase is an enzyme produced in a gland near the mouth. Amylase helps speed up the breakdown of complex carbs, such as starch, into simpler carbs - sugar.
ENZYMES IN DIGESTION
In your stomach, the enzyme pepsin helps in the breakdown of complex proteins into less complex proteins. In your small intestine, many other enzymes continue to speed up the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.
ENZYMES IN DIGESTION
The pancreas, an organ on the back outside of the stomach, releases several enzymes through a tube into the small intestine. They breakdown starches that started to be broken down in the mouth. The starches are broken down into glucose to be used by cells. Other enzymes from the pancreas are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and proteins.
ENZYMES
The human digestive system is like a long tube with specialized sections. If it is stretched out, it would be _________ meters long.
6 to 9 meters!!!!!!!
Absolutely mind-boggling!
MOUTH
Mechanical and chemical digestion begins in the mouth. Mechanical digestion - when you chew with your teeth
and mix with your tongue.
MOUTH
ESOPHAGUS
Food that passes from the mouth into the esophagus, first
passes the epiglottis.
ESOPHAGUS
move the food down to the stomach with a squeezing motion called peristalsis.
STOMACH
Stomach - muscular bag, that when empty is sausage
shaped with folds on the inside.
Mechanical and chemical digestion take place here. Mechanical - food is mixed by peristalsis Chemical - food is mixed with enzymes and strong digestive
solutions, like hydrochloric acid.
STOMACH
Specialized cells in the walls of the stomach release about 2
liters of HCl solution each day.
WOW!! The acidic solution works with the enzyme pepsin to digest
protein. It also destroys bacteria that are present in the food.
STOMACH
SMALL INTESTINE
The small intestine is small in diameter, but is 4-7 meters longs! Food from the stomach enters the first section of the small
intestine called the duodenum. Most digestion takes place here.
The acid from the stomach makes large fat particles float to the
top of the bile.
Bile breaks up the large fat particles, similar to the way detergent
breaks up grease.
SMALL INTESTINE
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
occurs when a digestive solution from the pancreas is mixed in.
SMALL INTESTINE
Absorption of foods nutrients takes place in the small
intestine.
The wall of the small intestine has many ridges and folds
that are covered with fingerlike projections called villi.
IF YOU WERE TO STRETCH OUT THE VILLI OF THE SMALL INTESTINE THEY WOULD COVER......
SMALL INTESTINE
Peristalsis continues to move and mix the chyme. Nutrients move into the blood vessels within the villi. The blood transports the nutrients to all cells of your body. Peristalsis continues to force the remaining undigested and
unabsorbed materials slowly into the large intestine.
LARGE INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE
When the chyme enters the large intestine it is still thin and
watery.
Peristalsis slows down in the large intestine. The chyme might stay there for as long as 3 days.
LARGE INTESTINE