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15 Technical Catalog Casting Steel e
15 Technical Catalog Casting Steel e
15
Technical reference
Cutting tools
Turning tools ........................................................................................ 152 Chipbreakers ....................................................................................... 158 Milling tools ....................................................................................... 1510 Solid Carbide Endmills ............................................................... 1515 Drilling tools Solid and brazed drills ........................................................... 1519 TAC drills........................................................................................ 1520 Gun drills and gun reamers ................................................ 1529
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Appendix
Dimensional standards relating to tools Standards on tapers ............................................................... 1532 International tolerance and JIS t tolerance ............ 1534 Bolt hole dimensions .............................................................. 1536 Comparison tables of material designation ................... 1537 Conversion table of hardness ................................................ 1543 Surface roughness ........................................................................ 1544 Grade comparison charts ......................................................... 1545 Chipbreaker comparison charts ........................................... 1551
Technical Reference
Turning Tools
Name of tools parts
End cutting edge angle Shank width Indexable inserts Rake face
Shank
Side relief angle Corner Side rake radius angle Cutting edge inclination
g ed g heigh e t
End cutting edge (Minor cutting edge) End relief face Corner (Nose) Shim Side relief face Side cutting edge (Major cutting edge)
Cuttin
Shan
ap Depth of cut (Distance between work surface and machined surface) ae Length of cutting edge engaging in cutting.
f ap
ae
k
Work surface h
Cutting edge angle (Angle to be made by cutting edge and work surface) f Feed per revolution h Thickness to be cut per revolution Machined surface Workpiece surface after having machined. Work surface Workpiece surface to be cut.
Honing
TAC indexable inserts of steel cutting grades are honed. Honing specications are shown in the following table.
Edge condition Shape
Technical Reference
30 15 0 In the cutting of same feed rate, as the side cutting edge angle increases, the chip thickness decreases. h0h1h2
15
Side rake angle Relief angle End cutting edge angle Side cutting edge angle Nose radius Honing width
15 2
Technical Reference
Turning Tools
Relations between cutting force and cutting conditions or cutting phenomena
Conditions Grey cast iron (HB130)
1000
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
ap = 2 mm
Side cutting edge angle 0 Corner radius r 0.4
Positive
Positive
40 60 80 100 120 Cutting speed: Vc (m/min)
Depth of cut and cutting force Vc = 100 m/min f = 0.2 mm/rev Side cutting edge angle 0 Corner radius r 0.4
Negative Positive
Negative
Negative Positive
Positive
2500
2500
Vc = 100 m/min
ap = 2 mm
Side cutting edge angle 0 Corner radius r 0.4
Negative Positive
Negative Positive
Negative Positive
Negative Positive
1000
1000
1000
Negative Positive
Negative Positive
ap = 1.2 mm
Side cutting edge angle 0
Technical Reference
Side cutting edge angle and cutting force Vc = 100 m/min f = 0.2 mm/rev
1400
1400
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
ap = 2 mm
Corner radius r 0.4
Positive
45 30 15 0 Side cutting edge angle
15
ap = 2 mm
Side cutting edge angle 0 Corner radius r 0.2
* 9.8N = 1kgf
15
15
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Technical Reference
Turning Tools
Calculation formulas for turning
Cutting speed
Turning n
Dm
(m/min)
3.14
Boring n
Example : Calculating the cutting speed when turning a 150 mmdiameter workpiece at 250 min-1
Dm
(min-1)
Vc =
T
(min)
R f n
T : Cutting time (min) R : Cutting length (mm) f : Feed (mm/rev) n : Number of revolution (min-1)
Internal turning
15
h
(m)
15 4
Technical Reference
Turning Tools
Cutting forces
(1) Finding from the diagram based on experimental data. (2) In case determining by simplied equation:
Cutting force in turning Back force Feed force F : Cutting force (N) kc : Specic cutting force (N/mm2) [Refer to the Table below] ap : Depth of cut (mm) f : Feed (mm/rev) Example : Calculating the cutting force when cutting a high carbon steel (JIS S55C) at 0.2mm/rev feed and 3mm depth of cut. F=343030.2=2058N Pc : Net power requirement (kW) kc : Specic cutting force (N/mm2) [Refer to the Table below]
Principal force
Technical Reference
( MPa )
( MPa )
Round shank
Ds
15
( mm )
(Ref.) Values of E
15 5
Technical Reference
Turning Tools
Troubleshooting in turning
Typical tool failure Flank wear Tool grade Change to more wear resistant grades. Tool geometry Decrease honing width. Reduce cutting speed. Increase relief angle. Change to appropriate feed. Increase end cutting edge angle. Change to wet cutting. Increase corner radius. Select free-cutting chipbreaker. Increase rake angle. Reduce cutting speed. Reduce feed. Reduce depth of cut. Change to wet cutting. Increase rake angle. Select an appropriate chipbreaker. Increase side cutting edge angle. Increase corner radius. Countermeasures Cutting conditions
P, M, K30 / 20 / 10
Crater wear
P, M, K30 / 20 / 10
Change to more wear resistant grades.
Notch wear
P, M, K30 / 20 / 10
Reduce feed. Reduce depth of cut Improve holding rigidity of work and tool. Reduce overhang length of toolholder. Improve looseness in machine. Reduce cutting speed Reduce feed. Reduce depth of cut. Improve holding rigidity of work and tool. Reduce overhang length of toolholder. Improve looseness in machine. Reduce cutting speed Reduce feed. Reduce rake angle Select a chipbreaker with high edge strength. Increase honing width. Increase side cutting edge angle. Select larger shank size Increase corner radius. Reduce rake angle Select a chipbreaker with high edge strength. Increase honing width. Increase side cutting edge angle. Select larger shank size Reduce rake angle Increase corner radius Increase honing width.
Fracture
P, M, K10 / 20 / 30
Change to tougher grades.
Chipping
P, M, K10 / 20 / 30
P, M, K10 / 20 / 30
Plastic deformation
Technical Reference
P, M, K30 / 20 / 10
Reduce cutting speed. Change to appropriate feed. Reduce depth of cut. Supply cutting uid in adequate volume.
Increase relief angle. Increase rake angle. Reduce corner radius. Reduce side cutting edge angle. Select a free-cutting chipbreaker.
Chip welding
Built-up edge
15
Use a grade which has a low Increase cutting speed. tendency to adhere to work material. Increase feed Change to water-insoluble Cemented carbide / cutting uid. Coated carbide or cermet Change to wet cutting.
P, M, K10/20/30
Reduce cutting speed. Reduce feed. Change to dry cutting. Supply cutting uid in adequate volume. Reduce depth of cut. Change to water-insoluble cutting uid.
Thermal cracking
15 6
Technical Reference
Turning Tools
Countermeasures Tool Select a more wear resistant grade. Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Use an insert with a larger nose radius. Use a more lightly honed insert. Use an insert of closer tolerance. (from M class to G class) Use a tougher grade. Select a chipbreaker with strong cutting edges. Use a largely honed insert. Increase the side cutting edge angle. Use a larger shank size. Select a grade with less afnity with the work material. Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Use a more lightly honed insert. Use an insert of closer tolerance. (from M class to G class) Use a tougher grade. Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Use an insert with a smaller nose radius. Decrease the side cutting edge angle. Use a more lightly honed insert. Use a larger shank size. Use an insert of closer tolerance. (from M class to G class) Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Use an insert with a smaller nose radius. Use a more lightly honed insert. Improve the holding rigidity of the tool and workpiece. Shorten the overhang of the toolholder. Improve the machine looseness. Decrease the cutting speed. Increase the feed rate. Use a cutting uid. Use a harder grade. Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Increase the relief angle. Use an insert with a smaller nose radius. Decrease the side cutting edge angle. Use a more lightly honed insert. Decrease the feed rate. Decrease the depth of cut. Use a harder grade. Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Increase the side cutting edge angle. Use an insert with a larger nose radius. Use a more lightly honed insert. Use a larger shank size. Improve the holding rigidity of the tool and workpiece. Shorten the overhang of the toolholder. Improve the machine looseness. Cutting conditions and others Select a proper feed rate. Decrease the cutting speed. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Use a cutting uid. Decrease the depth of cut. Decrease the feed rate. Use a more rigid machine. Improve the holding rigidity of the tool and workpiece. Shorten the overhang of the toolholder. Improve the machine looseness. Increase the cutting speed. Increase the feed rate. Use a water-insoluble cutting uid. Use a cutting uid. Use a proper cutting speed. Decrease the feed rate. Decrease the depth of cut. Improve the holding rigidity of the tool and workpiece. Shorten the overhang of the toolholder. Improve the machine looseness.
Problem
Edge chipping Deteriorated surface roughness Deteriorated dimensional accuracy Burr occurrence
Technical Reference
15
Increase the cutting speed. Select a proper feed rate. Use a water-insoluble cutting uid. Use a cutting uid.
Use a harder grade. Select a grade with less afnity with the work material. Use an insert with a larger rake angle. Select a freer-cutting chipbreaker type. Use a more lightly honed insert.
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Technical Reference
Chipbreaker
Chip controllability
Necessity of chip control (Problems and effects)
Problems 1. Scattering of chips and coolant. 2. Wrapping around the workpiece and the tool. 3. Accumulation on the tool, jig, and machining facilities.
Effects 1. Disturbs unmanned and automated machining. 2. Disturbs high-speed and high-efciency machining. 3. Degrades nished surface. 4. Threatens operators safety. 5. Reduced operation rate.
Defective work. Defective surface nish Chip entangling Increased number of man-hours for handling. Increased tool costs. Troublesome chip handling. Machine stoppage and reduced operation rate. Stain and damage on machine caused from improper carrying-out of chips. Dangerous effects on the human body. (Injury and burns on hand, etc.)
For making a product from a workpiece, removed objects produced by a tool which is set to cut to a specified depth with the relative motion of the tool and the workpiece.
Problems when chips are not properly controlled
Effects on operation
Effective measures
Chipbreaker
Classication
Acceptability
Effect Wrapping around the tool or workpiece or accumulation around the cutting point, hindering cutting Possible damage to the machined surface
Shape A
Not acceptable
Technical Reference
Shape B
Bulky during transport in the automatic line May be preferred when one operator handles one machine
Shape C
Shape D
15
Acceptable
Excessively broken chips. Thin pieces or connected in a form of wave as shown in the gure left
Not acceptable
Readily scattering. If scattering is the only trouble, it may be acceptable because the chip cover, etc. may be used. Tend to cause chatter, causing harm on the nished surface roughness or tool life.
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Shape E
Technical Reference
Chipbreaker
Factors affecting chip control
Of these, feed has the greatest effect followed by depth of cut and cutting speed in order listed. Feed is proportionate to the thickness of chips. Depth of cut is proportionate to the width of chips. There are optimum values (effective range) in feed and depth of cut. Cutting speed is in inverse proportion to chip thickness. Effective range becomes narrow at high speed.
Depth of cut: ap (mm)
Vc = 100 m/min Vc = 200 m/min
Effecttive range
Feed: f (mm/rev)
These are related to thickness of chips and ease of curling. Mild steel chips are thicker than those of hard steel. Hard steel chips are liable to curl more than those of mild steel. Chips that do not curl are thin. As an exception, in case of mild steel even if thick, may not curl.
Mild steel
Hard steel
Feed: f (mm/rev)
Side cutting edge angle is relative to chip thickness and width Side cutting edge angle is preferably small. Nose radius is relative to thickness and width and the direction of owing out. In nishing, small nose radius, whilst for rough cutting, large nose radius is better.
S.C.E.A: large S.C.E.A: small Nose radius: small Nose radius: large
Feed: f (mm/rev)
Rake angle is in inverse proportion to chip thickness. Depending on the work material, there is an optimum value. Chipbreaker width is selected proportionately to feed. Narrow at low feed and wide at high feed. Chipbreaker depth is to be selected so as to be inversely proportionate to feed. Deep at low feed and shallow at high feed.
Rake angle: large Rake angle: small Breaker width: small Breaker width: large Breaker depth: large Breaker depth: small
Technical Reference
Feed: f (mm/rev)
Effective range is wider with wet cutting. Especially at low feed range is liable to curl.
15
Feed: f (mm/rev)
The machine has enough power and mechanical strength. Select the machine consistent with the size of work material to be used.
15 9
Technical Reference
Milling Tools
Nomenclature for face milling cutter
Work piece Cutting edge inclination () Cutter height Face cutting edge (Wiping at) Face relief angle
Peripheral
tan 0 = tan f cos + tan p sin tan = tan p cos - tan f sin
Technical Reference
p (A.R) f (R.R) o
Carbon steels, Alloy steels ( 300HB) Stainless steels ( 300HB) Die steels ( 300HB) Cast irons Ductile cast irons
+ + +
Work material
Aluminium alloys Copper and its alloys Titanium and its alloys Hardened steels (40 ~ 55HRC)
(-)
(-)
(+)
Negative-Positive type
15
Features
Higher Excellent chip Most cutting edge removal excellent strength Higher cutting cutting action Many usable edge strength corners of and Freer inserts cutting action
15 10
Technical Reference
Milling Tools
Calculation formulas for milling
Cutting speed
n
ap
vf
3.14
Rp
Feed speed is relative speed of cutter and work material and in the normal milling machine, it is the table speed. In milling, the feed per tooth is very important. The recommended cutting condition is expressed by vc and fz and using the above equation calculate n and vf and input in the machine.
Technical Reference
15
Center cutting
vc
Dc
Cutting width and engagement angle There is an appropriate engage angle depending on the cutter diameter, cutting position, work material, etc., and ordinarily the values in the table below are used as a guide.
Work material Appropriate E Cutter dia. and ae Dc : Cutter diameter (mm) E : Engage angle
E Shoulder cutting
ae
Dc
ae
vc
E
Steel
0~ 20
(on small side for shoulder cutting)
ae Dc
4 ae Dc 5
2 3
ae :
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Technical Reference
Milling Tools
Roughness of nished surface
(1) Theoretical surface roughness Theoretical roughness as shown in Fig. 1, is the same as for single point turning With corner R Without corner R
With corner R
Without corner R
Rth
Rth
Fig.1
fz fz
(2) Practical surface roughness In case of practical milling, there are many teeth and natural differences in levels of edges occur. The maximum difference is called run out. (Rp) In the actual face milling, nished surface roughness, as shown in Fig. 2, is worse than the single point cutting. If only one tooth is projecting, it will be similar to the single point shown in Fig. 1 but of a large value substituting f (mm/rev) for fz (mm/t).
Fig.2
Rp
Technical Reference
Body Locator
Face run out must be minimized and a low feed rate and high speed should be used. Also, in order to attain good nished surface at high efciency, there are the following methods: (1) In case of ordinary TAC mill Use wiper insert as shown in the gure at left. (2) Use of TAC super nish mill for nishing. Use of combination TAC mills with nishing insert such as TFD4400-A
and TFP4000 1A (ap < 1.0 mm). Use of TAC supe nish mill for nishing such as NMS cutters and SFP4000, etc.
Fig.3
0.03 ~ 0.08
15
15 12
Technical Reference
Milling Tools
Calculating power requirement
Pc : Net power requirement (kW) kc : Specic cutting force (N/mm2) [Refer to the Table below]
Because practical power requirements depend on the type of TAC mill (proportional to the true rake angle) and the motor efciency of the machine used, the result calculated from the above formula should be considered as a rough guide. Values of specic cutting force (kc)
Work material Tensile strength
MPa 0.1 (mm/t)
1000 800
fz
600 400 200 0 -200
fx
fy
vf
TGP 0 410 TGP 0 420 TGD 0 440 THF 0 440 TSP 0 400 TSE 0 400
TAC mill
TGN
0 420
TRD
0 600
Technical Reference
Work material : S50C (210HB) Diameter of TAC mill : 160 mm Cutting Speed : Vc = 150 m/min , feed fz = 0.20 mm, Depth of cut ap = 3 mm Cutting by a single edge, dry
(unit : min-1)
Cutting speed ( vc ) m/min Cutter diameter 10 30 50 100 125 150 200 300 500 800 1,000 2,000 4,000 Dc ( mm ) 10 318 955 1,592 3,184 3,980 4,777 6,369 9,554 15,923 25,477 31,847 63,694 127,388 12 265 796 1,326 2,653 3,317 3,980 5,307 7,961 13,269 21,231 26,539 53,078 106,157 16 199 597 995 1,990 2,488 2,985 3,980 5,971 9,952 15,923 19,904 39,808 79,617 20 159 477 796 1,592 1,990 2,388 3,184 4,777 7,961 12,738 15,923 31,847 63,694 25 127 382 636 1,273 1,592 1,910 2,547 3,821 6,369 10,191 12,738 25,477 50,955 30 106 318 530 1,061 1,326 1,592 2,123 3,184 5,307 8,492 10,615 21,231 42,462 32 99 298 497 995 1,244 1,492 1,990 2,985 4,976 7,961 9,952 19,904 39,808 35 90 272 454 909 1,137 1,364 1,819 2,729 4,549 7,279 9,099 18,198 36,396 40 79 238 398 796 995 1,194 1,592 2,388 3,980 6,369 7,961 15,923 31,847 50 63 191 318 636 796 955 1,273 1,910 3,184 5,095 6,369 12,738 25,477 63 50 151 252 505 631 758 1,011 1,516 2,527 4,044 5,055 10,110 20,220 80 39 119 199 398 497 597 796 1,194 1,990 3,184 3,980 7,961 15,923 100 31 95 159 318 398 477 636 955 1,592 2,547 3,184 6,369 12,738 125 25 76 127 254 318 382 509 764 1,273 2,038 2,547 5,095 10,191 160 19 59 99 199 248 298 398 597 995 1,592 1,990 3,980 7,961 200 15 47 79 159 199 238 318 477 796 1,273 1,592 3,184 6,369 250 12 38 63 127 159 191 254 382 636 1,019 1,273 2,547 5,095 315 10 30 50 101 126 151 202 303 505 808 1,011 2,022 4,044 Note: In this table, the effects of centrifugal force on the rotating balance of the tool and the toolholder, ying risk of cutter parts, and limited value of toolholder destruction are not considered. Therefore, when using the tool at high speeds, be sure to observe the specied condition range.
15
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Technical Reference
Milling Tools
Trouble shooting in face milling
Trouble Possible causes Improper insert grade selection (Insufcient wear resistance) Excessive cutting speed Inadequate feed Cutting hard material and Countermeasures P30 (Cemented carbide) / Cermet, coated grade (For steels) K10 (Cemented carbide) / Coated grade (For cast irons) Select cutting speed suited for work material and insert grade Use standard cutting condition in catalog as guide Decrease cutting speed Use cutter with strong cutting edge Proper selection of feed conditions, using recommended cutting conditions in catalog as guide Use a negative-positive type cutter with large corner angle (Examples: T/EAW13, T/EME4400, etc.) Cracking due to thermal shock Continuous use of excessively worn insert Cutting hard material Select insert grade of stronger thermal shock resistance such as T3130 Decrease cutting speed Shorten replacement standard time of insert Use cutter with stronger cutting edge such as T/ERD6000 Use cutter of larger corner angle such as T/EAW13, T/EME4400, etc. Obstruction to chip ow Recutting of chips after chip welding Use cutter with better chip expulsion such as T/EAW13, etc. Select insert grades difcult for chips to adhere Cemented carbides / cermets, coated grades Use air blow Excessively slow cutting, too ne feed Cutting soft material such as aluminium, copper, mild steel Select cutting speed and feed optimized for insert grade and work material Use cutter with large rake angle such as T/EAW13 P30 / coated grades (AH140, AH120) Use cutter with large rake angle such as T/EAW13, T/EME4400, T/EPW13 or T/ESE4000 Increase cutting speed Appropriate cutting depth (nish allowance) Change insert grade Effect of face cutting edge run out For steels: P / coated / cermet For cast irons: K / coated Proper installing of inserts Use insert of high dimensional accuracy Cleaning of insert pocket Continuous use of excessively worn insert Remarkable feed marks Shorten replacement standard time of insert Feed per revolution to be set within atland width Use wiper insert type cutter such as T/EAW13 Use cutter exclusively for nishing such as type NMS and S/EFP4000 Unstable clamping of workpiece Cutting of welded construction of thin steel plate Excessive cutting condition Face milling of narrow width workpiece Too many simultaneous cutting teeth engagement Check clamping method of workpiece Adopt cutter of large rake angle and small corner angle such as T/EPW13 or T/ESE4000 Re-examine allowable chip removal rate according to motor HP Use cutter of small cutter diameter and with many teeth Reduce No. of teeth or adopt irregular pitch cutter
Improper Insert grade selection (Insufcient toughness) Cermet / P30 (For steels), K10 / K20 (For cast irons) unfavorable surface condition Excessive feed Machining superalloys
Fracturing
Excessive chip Cutting stainless steel welding or build-up Use of cutter with negative rake on cutting edge
or too small rake angle Effect of built-up edge
Rough nish
Technical Reference
15
Chattering
15 14
Technical Reference
Types
Square
Ball nose
Centre hole
Radius
Radial rake Land width Flute 1st radial relief 2nd radial relief
Taper neck
Axial rake
3.14
Dc1
D c
D c
D c
Technical Reference
Up milling
Down milling
Cutting The necessary capacity of the machine is limited by the length of cut edge of the endmill. Up milling and down milling Down milling generally produces better tool life and surface roughness. In case of cast iron sand inclusion or welding surface, up milling is recommended.
15
15 15
Technical Reference
Breakage Checking, if the tool has enough length of cutting edge as unused part.
relief angle
grinding wheel
Setting angle of Formular of setting angle tan = tan x tan : peripheral relief angle : spiral angle
Technical Reference
1 ~ 3
15
0 ~ 3
For 2 utes endmill: straight type diamond wheel For 3 utes endmill: cup type diamond wheel
Notice of regrinding (1) If, after checking the damage of the cutting edge, the damage is as case A or B of the ow chart, the tool must be reground. Too much damage of the cutting edge requires too much stock removal and thus reduces tool life. (2) Please use diamond grinding wheel. (3) Peripheral relief angle must be ground between 18 and 10. Relief angle of small diameter cutters for aluminium machining must be a large degree. (4) First check if C in ow chart can be adapted for the case of coated endmill or not. If procedure C can be adapted for regrinding, tool life after the grinding would be more improved than new one. The reason is remaining coated layer of cutting edge and shorter tool length will keep much higher rigidity of the tool than before regrinding. (5) Please check run out of peripheral cutting edge, face cutting edge, with Vee block after regrinding. The value of the run out must be controlled within 0.01 mm. Notice for regrinding of ball nose endmill - Regrinding of relief angle only is available. The dimension of nose radius will be smaller after grinding. - Honing of cutting edge is necessary after regrinding.
15 16
Technical Reference
Reduce feed rate. Reduce tool overhang length. Exchange to short cutting edge tool. Reduce feed rate. Managing tool life / Exchange in shorter time.
Breakage
(In case of solid carbide endmill and brazed endmill with small diameter)
Replace chuck or collet to new one. Reduce tool overhang length. Make optimum honing on the edge. Reduce utes. E.g. 4 utes / 3utes, or 2utes. Use enough coolant. Change direction of supplying coolant.
When change the direction of feed Chipping on corner edge Chipping on boundary part
Use the circular interpolation in NC machine. Stop feed shortly before changing. Lower feed rate around changing part. Replace chuck or collet to new one. Chamfer the corner with hand-stick grinder. Down cutting Upward milling. Change cutting direction, Down cutting / Upward milling. Reduce cutting speed. Make slight honing on the edge. Or make honing bigger. Change spindle revolution number. Increase cutting speed. If chattering, increase feed rate. Use coolant or air blast. Replace chuck or collet to new one. Decrease cutting speed. Decrease feed rate. Reduce utes. E.g. 4 utes / 3utes, or 2utes. Make slight honing on the edge. Or make honing bigger. Replace chuck or collet to new one.
For Solid carbide endmill Decrease cutting speed. Use enough coolant. Change direction of supplying coolant. For brazed endmill If wet cutting, change to dry cutting with air-blast. Change direction of supplying air-blast. In slot milling of steel, change to optimum cutting condition. (In low cutting speed-chipping or adhesion may cause.) (In high cutting speed-chip packing or thermal crack may cause.) Decrease cutting speed. Change cutting direction, Upward milling / down cutting. Increase feed rate. Use coolant or air blast. In reground tool, grind ank face with FINER wheel.
(Continued on next page)
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Technical Reference
Reduce feed per tooth. Increase utes; E.g. 2 utes / 3utes, or 4utes. Increase cutting speed. Use coolant or air blast, or increase coolant. Make slight honing on the edge. Upward milling / Down cutting. Increase feed per tooth. Increase Depth of Cut. Make slight honing on the edge. Use non-water soluble coolant. Down cutting / Upward milling. Reduce depth of cut. Increase cutting speed. Reduce feed per tooth. Upward milling / Down cutting. Reduce depth of cut. Replace chuck or collet to new one. Reduce overhang length. Increase cutting speed. Reduce depth of cut. Replace chuck or collet to new one. Reduce overhang length. Increase cutting speed. Increase utes; E.g. 2 utes / 4utes. Reduce feed per tooth. Check the edge. Change tool, when needed. Increase feed per tooth. Reduce feed per tooth, when current feed is more than 0.07 mm/t. Change cutting speed. Replace chuck or collet to new one. Reduce overhang length. Use 2 utes tool in roughing. Use 4 utes tool in nishing. Down cutting / Upward milling.
Poor accuracy
Poor straightness
Chattering
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Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Nomenclature for drills
Helix angle
Shank length
Thinning edge Thinning Web thickness Secondary relief Primary relief Oil hole Heel Cutting edge Margin Chisel Body clearance
Thinning
Secondary relief
Primary relief
Chisel edge
Technical Reference
210 280 350 250 550 620 630 690 630 770 940 750 1,400 580 800
21 28 35 25 55 62 63 69 63 77 94 75 140 58 80
177 198 224 100 160 183 197 174 167 229 269 212 390 174 255
1.00 1.39 1.88 1.01 2.22 1.42 1.45 2.02 1.62 2.10 2.41 2.12 3.44 2.08 2.22
Cast iron Aluminium Low carbon steel (JIS S20C) Free cutting steel (JIS SUM32)
Mc= (Nm)
Manganese steel (JIS SMn438) Nickel chromium steel (JIS SNC236) 4115 steel Cr0.5, Mo0.11, Mn0.8
15
Pc : Power requirement (kW) Tc : Thrust force (N) Mc : Torque (Nm) Dc : Drill diameter (mm) f : Feed (mm/rev) n : No. of revolutions (min ) K : Material constant.... Refer to the Table at right
-1
Chromium molybdenum steel (JIS SCM430) Chromium molybdenum steel (JIS SCM440) Nickel chromium molybdenum steel (JIS SNCM420) Nickel chromium molybdenum steel (JIS SNCM625) Chromium vanadium steel Cr0.6, Mn0.6, V0.12 Cr0.8, Mn0.8, V0.1
15 19
Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Cutting edge failure of drilling tools
Chipping (Small or minute fracture of cutting edge) Breakage (Relatively large fracture)
Feed mark (Wear stripes in periphery) Fracture (Catastrophic breakage of drill body)
Note: If these failures are not excessive, the tool is in a normal condition.
Technical Reference
High
Feed
Low
15
Tail High Cutting speed Low
15 20
Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Troubleshooting for solid drills and brazed drills
Problem Cause Inappropriate cutting speed Countermeasure Increase the cutting speed by 10 % within standard conditions if abnormal wear is around center. Lower the cutting speed by 10 % within standard conditions if abnormal wear is on the periphery. Inappropriate cutting uid Check the lter. Use the cutting uid superior in lubricity. (Increase the dilution rate) Inappropriate cutting speed Regrinding timing, insufcient reground amount Insufcient rigidity of the machine and workpiece Lower the cutting speed by 10 %. Shorten the regrinding timing. Change the clamp method to the one with rigidity. Use smallest possible overhang. Check the lter. Use the cutting uid superior in lubricity. (increase the dilution rate) Intermittent cutting when entering Avoid interruption at entry and exit. Lower the feed rate by about 50 % during entering into and leaving from the workpiece. Insufcient rigidity of the drill Reduce the drill overhang as much as possible. Increase the feed at entry when the low speed feed is selected in standard cutting condition range. Use a bushing or a center drill.
Relief surface
Abnormal wear
Margin
Insufcient rigidity of the machine and workpiece Inappropriate entry into the workpiece High workpiece hardness Inappropriate honing Insufcient drill rigidity
Change the clamp method to the one with rigidity. Avoid interruption at entry into the workpiece. Lower the feed rate by 10 % at entry. Lower the feed rate by 10 %. Check if honing has been made to the center of cutting edge. Lower the cutting speed by 10 %. Increase the feed at entry when the low speed feed is selected in standard cutting condition range.
Check the run out accuracy after drill installation. (0.03 mm or less) Change the clamp method to the one with rigidity. Lower the feed during entering into and leaving from the workpiece. Check if honing has been made to the cutting edge periphery. Change the clamp method to the one with rigidity. Use smallest possible overhang. Use a bushing or center drill.
Margin
Regrinding timing and insufcient amount of reground stock. Intermittent cutting when entering or exiting the cut. Tendency to cause chipping or develop abnormal wear Chip packing in the drill utes
Shorten the regrinding timing. Avoid interruption at entry and exit. Lower the feed rate by about 50 % during entering into and leaving from the workpiece. Check the failure mode condition before breakage and nd out the wear and chip countermeasures. Review the cutting conditions. For internal coolant supply, raise the supply pressure of cutting uid. Use peck feed for deep holes.
Technical Reference
Breakage
Insufcient machine output
Review the cutting conditions. Use the machine with high power.
Insufcient rigidity of the machinery and workpiece. Inappropriate drill installation accuracy
Change to the clamp method with rigidity Check the run out accuracy of drill mounting. (0.03 mm or less) Review the cutting conditions. Raise the cutting oil supply pressure. Use peck-feed for deep holes.
15
Check the edge shape accuracy. Increase the feed rate by 10 % within standard conditions. Provide the appropriate honing. Lower the cutting speed by 10 %.
Prolonged chips
15 21
Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Nomenclature for TAC drill
Overall length Shank length Peripheral insert Maximum drilling depth Flange diameter Shank diameter Flute Peripheral insert Flange Cutting zone of peripheral edge Shank
Central insert
Drill diameter
Technical Reference
Dc
15
Dc
15 22
Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Chip shapes
Chip shape produced with central insert
A conical coil shape whose apex point coincides with the rotating center of the drill is the basic shape. The chips are broken into small sections with increases in feed. However, excessively high feed causes the chip to increase in thickness and develops vibration which disturbs stable machining. In TDX drills, marked chips shown below are the most preferable shapes. This type of chip is broken into adequate lengths by centrifugal forces when used in tool-rotating condition. On the other hand, when used in work-rotating condition such as on a lathe, a continuously long chip is often produced without entangling.
Relation between chip shapes and feeds (In the case of central insert)
Feed
Higher
Technical Reference
Lower
Example of chip shape in work-rotating applications (In the case of central insert)
15
100 mm
15 23
Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Chip shape produced with peripheral insert
Chip problems such as entangling are mainly caused by chips produced with the peripheral insert. These problems are dependent on the types of work material and the cutting conditions. As shown below, when the feed is extremely low, the chips jump over the chipbreaker groove and the continuously long chips may wrap around the drill body. When the feed is too high, the chips increase in thickness and can not be curled. Therefore, it is important to select proper cutting conditions to suit the machining so that well controlled chips will be formed.
f = 0.07 mm/rev
f = 0.1 mm/rev
f = 0.13 mm/rev
Technical Reference
15
15 24
chipbreaker
DJ
For machining stainless steels or low carbon steels, DS chipbreaker is recommended. When using a TDX drill in tool-rotating condition, DS chipbreaker produces compact chips and allows more stable machining than DJ chipbreaker. When using it in work-rotating condition, DS chipbreaker provides outstanding affect on chip control.
chipbreaker
DS
Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Chip shapes which tend to entangle and remedies against them
Apple-peel-like chips
These chips are often produced in machining mild steels or low-carbon steels at low-speeds and low-feeds.
Short-lead chips
These chips are often produced in machining stainless steels at lowfeeds and tend to entangle to the tool in spite of short length.
Remedies Increase the cutting speed in stages by 20% within the range of standard cutting conditions. If there is no effect, increase the feed by about 10 % as the cutting speed is raised by 20%.
Remedies Increase the feed by about 10 %. If there is no effect, increase the cutting speed in stages by 10% within the range of standard cutting conditions.
Remedies Increase the cutting speed in stages by 20% within the range of standard cutting conditions. If there is no effect, decrease the feed by about 10 % as the cutting speed is raised by 20%.
Cutting forces
The charts below show a guideline for cutting forces. Use TDX drills on a machine with ample power and sufcient rigidity.
16
Net power consumption (kW)
5
LOAD %
100 80
Torque (Nm)
14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 20 30 40
0.13 mm/rev 0.10 mm/rev 0.07 mm/rev
4
Thrust force (kN)
3 2 1 0
0.13 mm/rev 0.10 mm/rev 0.07 mm/rev
60 40 20 0
0.13 mm/rev 0.10 mm/rev 0.07 mm/rev
Technical Reference
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
10
20
30
40
50
60
Cutting speed: vc = 100 m/min Work material: Alloy steel (JIS SCM440), 240HB Cutting uid: Used
15
15 25
Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Troubleshooting for TAC drills
Problem
Central cutting Relief surface edge Peripheral cutting Relief surface edge
Cause
Countermeasure
Increase the cutting speed by 10 % within standard conditions. Lower the feed rate by 10 %. Increase the cutting speed by 10 % within standard conditions. When the feed rate is extremely low or high, set up it within standard conditions. Conrm that the cutting uid ow is higher than 7 liter/min. The concentration of cutting uid must be higher than 5 %. Use the cutting uid superior in lubricity. Change to internal cutting uid supply from external one. Change to the machine with higher torque.
Abnormal wear
Relief surface
Change to the clamp method with rigidity. Change the drill setting method. Change the grade to high wear resistant. Tighten the screw. Change to internal cutting uid supply from external one. Increase the supply rate of the cutting uid. (Higher than 10 liter/min.) Lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Lower the cutting speed by 20 % within standard conditions. Lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Lower the cutting speed by 20 % within standard conditions. Increase the cutting speed by 20% and lower the feed rate by 20% within standard conditions. Raise the uid pressure (for higher than 1.5 MPa). Set the misalignment to 0 ~ 0.2 mm. Check the manual and use the tool in the allowable offset range. Flatten the entry surface in pre-machining. Set the feed rate for lower than 0.05 mm/rev in rough surface area. Lower the feed rate by 20 ~ 50 % within standard conditions. Conrm the corner when exchanging inserts. Exchange the corner or the insert before the nose wear reaches 0.3 mm. Flatten the entry surface in pre-machining. Set the feed rate for lower than 0.05 mm/rev at rough surface area. Set the feed rate for lower than 0.05 mm/rev in interrupted area. Conrm the corner when exchanging inserts. Increase the cutting speed by 20 % and lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Raise the uid pressure (for higher than 1.5 MPa). Lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Change to continuous feed in case of pick feeding. Exchange the corner or the insert before the nose wear reaches 0.3 mm. Change to the machine with higher rigidity. Change to the clamp method with rigidity. Change the drill setting method. Set the feed rate for lower than 0.05 mm/rev. Change to internal cutting uid supply from external one. Lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Change the grade to toughress. Tighten the screw.
Common
Looseness of screws
Cutting heat is too high Crater Excessive chip welding Chipbreaker Chip packing Misalignment for workpiece rotation Large offset
Central cutting edge
No atness of machined surface High feed rate Using a chipping corner Using inserts in excess of tool-life
Peripheral cutting
No atness of machined surface The existence of interrupted area Using a chipped corner
edge
Technical Reference
15
Contact
Common
boundary
Flaking
Common
15 26
Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Problem Scratch marks on the tool Cause Countermeasure
Hole diameter
Roughness
Common
Misalignment of workpiece rotation Set the misalignment to 0 ~ 0.2 mm. Offset machining in excess of allowable range Use the tool in the allowable offset range. Offset direction reduced diameter of workpiece Set offset direction extended diameter of workpiece Flatten the entry surface in pre-machining. No atness of the entry surface Set the feed rate for lower than 0.05 mm/rev in rough surface area. Chipping of peripheral cutting edge Exchange the insert. Bend of workpiece Change to the clamp method with rigidity. Increase the cutting speed by 20 % and lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Chip packing Raise the uid pressure (for higher than 1.5 MPa). Misalignment for workpiece rotation Set the misalignment to 0 ~ 0.2 mm. Adjust offset contents. Inappropriate offset contents Flatten the entry surface in pre-machining. No atness of the entry surface Set the feed rate for lower than 0.05 mm/rev at rough surface area. Bend of workpiece Change to the clamp method with rigidity. The concentration of cutting uid must be higher than 5 %. Varieties and supply of cutting uid Use the cutting uid superior in lubricity. Change to internal cutting uid supply from external one. Increase the cutting speed by 20 % within standard conditions. Inappropriate cutting conditions Lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Failures of inserts Exchange the insert. Increase the cutting speed by 20 % and lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Chip packing Raise the uid pressure (for higher than 1.5 MPa). Tighten the screw. Looseness of screws Work within standard conditions. Increase the cutting speed by 10 % within standard conditions. Inappropriate cutting conditions Increase the feed rate by 10 % within standard conditions. Exchange inserts. Failures of inserts Change to internal cutting uid supply from external one. Machining by external uid supply Work by step feed. Use dwell function for 0.1 sec approximately. There is a tendency to shorten the chips when shifting to higher speed and feed. Chips around the central cutting edge Change to internal cutting uid supply from external one. Raise the uid pressure (for higher than 1.5 MPa). Increase the cutting speed by 20 % and lower the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Inappropriate cutting conditions Raise the uid pressure (for higher than 1.5 MPa). Exchange the drill holder. Large failure of drill holders Tighten the screw. Looseness of screws Lower the cutting speed by 20 % within standard conditions. Inappropriate cutting conditionss Increase the feed rate by 10 % within standard conditions. Large wear of inserts Exchange the insert. Change to the machine with higher torque rigidity. Vibration in drilling Change to the clamp method with rigidity. Change the drill setting method. Tighten the screw. Looseness of screws Insufcient machine power and torque Use the range of number of revolutions suited machine spec. Lower the feed rate by 20 ~ 50 %. Exchange inserts before the failure becomes larger. Check the oil-hole plug screw is tightly screwed in place. Check that the uid ows powerfully from the drill. Burned inserts Lower the cutting speed and the feed rate by 20 % within standard conditions. Failures of inserts Exchange the insert. Inappropriate cutting conditions Lower the feed rate by 20 ~ 50 % just before leaving from the workpiece. Fluid supply
Technical Reference
Chip packing
Common
Chatter
15
Others
Machine stop
Large burr
15 27
Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Nomenclature for gun drill
Secondary clearance angle Oil clearance Primary clearance angle 8~15 Outer cutting angle Inner cutting angle Outer corner Apex point
Is machining under rapid feed? Is alignment of bushing set correctly? Is the shape of bushing correct? Is the gun drill set properly? Is regrinding in order? Is the feed rate too high? Is engaging not slanted? Is workpiece clamp loose? Is the shape of bushing correct? Is the feed speed (vf) uniform? Is number of revolutions uniform?
Cause in drill
Inappropriate cutting condition
Cause in workpiece
Breaking of drill
Technical Reference
Cause in drill
Inappropriate cutting condition
Is there an abnormal failure? Is the feed rate (f ) set properly? Change to standard gun drill. Is there chip packing? Is tip length too long? Is selection of guide pad appropriate? Is uid hole clearance excessive? Is the feed rate too high at breaking-through? Is there inclined surface? Is workpiece clamp loose in machining? Is there increase of burnishing torque due to small hole diameter?
Cause in workpiece
Others
At exit from workpiece
Cause in drill
15
15 28
Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Troubleshooting in gun drilling
Trouble Possible causes Countermeasures
Is selection of cutting uid correct? Carry out through ltration of cutting uid.
Cause in machine
Is clearance between guide bushing and drilling excessive? Is alignment of bushing set correct? Check concentricity of spindle and guide bushing.
Abnormal wear
In case uid temperature too high, increase tank capacity. Appropriate selection of guide pad. Is regrinding correct?
Cause in drill
Is drill overall length excessive? In case wear too large, regrind the gun drill (or check tool life criterion). Is the cutting speed too high? Is the feed rate (f ) too high? Is the uid pressure too high? Is material quality uniform? Is the shape of bushing correct? Is the feed speed (vf) uniform? Is number of revolutions uniform? Enlarge chip box.
Cause in workpiece
Correct selection of the feed rate (f ). Correct selection of uid amount. Change to machining with standard gun drill. Change the shape of cutting edge so that cores become small . Is material quality uniform? Is cutting edge broken or chipped? Is outer corner wear excessive?
Chip control
Cause in workpiece
Chip entanglement
Cause in drill
Inappropriate cutting condition
Correct selection of the feed rate (f ). Make center hole as large as drilling diameter or smaller than it. Lower uid pressure.
Cause in workpiece
15
15 29
Technical Reference
Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Troubleshooting in gun drilling
Trouble Possible causes Countermeasures
Is workpiece clamp loose? Use non-water soluble cutting uid. Carry out through ltration of cutting uid.
Rough nish Cause in machine
Is spindle run out too large? Is clearance between guide bushing and drilling excessive? Is the feed speed (vf) uniform? Is number of revolutions uniform? Is there an abnormal failure? Is regrinding correct? Is the feed rate (f ) too high? Is there chip packing? Is clearance between guide bushing and drilling excessive? Is the guide bushing not separated from entry surface? Use non-water soluble cutting uid. Decrease concentrity of guide bushing and spindle. Is there an abnormal failure? Is regrinding correct? Correct selection of the feed rate (f ). Change to machining with standard gun drill. Is there chip packing? Is workpiece clamp loose? Is the guide bushing not separated from entry surface?
Cause in drill
Inappropriate cutting condition
Others
Hole accuracy
Cause in machine
Cause in drill
IInappropriate cutting condition
Cause in workpiece
Others
Decrease concentrity of guide bushing and spindle. Is clearance between guide bushing and drilling excessive? Change the shape of guide pad. Is regrinding correct? Is the feed rate (f ) too high? Are there faults and unevenness? Is engaging not slanted? Change to machining with standard gun drill.
Cause in drill
Inappropriate cutting condition
Technical Reference
Cause in workpiece
15
15 30
Technical Reference
Drilling Tools
Nomenclature for gun reamer
Guide pad Tip Shank Driver
Corner Margin
Primany clearance angle
Oil hole
Increased burnishing torque due to excessively small stock allowance Breaking of reamer Sticking
Enlarge chamfer angle and increase stock allowance Reduce cutting speed to prevent peripheral wear of edge Increase lubricity of cutting uid Improve ltering accuracy Change to uid with higher lubricity Increase uid pressure Repair electrical system Improve clamping method of workpiece Reduce uid pressure Increase number of teeth
Faulty ltering of cutting uid Incorrect selection of cutting uid Insufcient cutting uid pressure
Mechanical trouble Excessive feed rate per tooth Excessive chamfer angle Unacceptable surface roughness Too large and
Faulty machining accuracy
Reduce chamfer angle Reduce back taper Improve run out accuracy Improve run out accuracy Remove residual damage completely Reduce uid pressure Increase activity and lubricity of the uid Correct spindle run out and bushing clearance and alignment
Excessive back taper Peripheral run out excessive Cutting edge run out is large Residual damage of preceding process Excessive uid pressure Improper selection of cutting uid
Faulty regrinding Improper cutting uid Faulty machine accuracy Faulty clamping of workpiece Faulty machine accuracy
Technical Reference
Clamping position wrong Clamping force inadequate Excessive bushing clearance Faulty spindle run out and alignment Outer run out of reamer large Insufcient reamer rigidity
Improper clamping position Increase clamping force Correct bushing clearance Correct spindle run out and alignment Correct peripheral run out Increase reamer rigidity Change clamping position Reduce reamer guide width (margin width) Increase chamfer angle
Defective out-of-roundness
15
Faulty clamping position of workpiece Unevenness in wall thickness of workpiece Chamfer angle small Excessive wear in peripheral cutting edge Too high cutting speed Faulty lubricity of cutting uid
Decrease cutting speed Increase lubricating capacity Increase regrinding stock amount
15 31
Technical Reference
Standards on Tapers
Taper shank for machining center (Japan Machine-Tool Builders Association Standard)
D1
46 63 85 100
D2
38 53 73 85
t1
20 25 30 35
t2
8 10 12 15
t3
13.6 16.6 21.2 23.2
t4
2 2 3 3
d1
31.75 44.45 57.15 69.85
d2
14 19 23 27
d3
12.5 17 21 25
L
48.4 65.4 82.8 101.8
1 R (min.)
R 2 (min.)
24 30 38 45
R3
7 9 11 13
g
M12 M16 M20 M24
R 4 (min.)
17 21 26 31
b1
16.1 16.1 19.3 25.7
t5
16.3 22.6 29.1 35.4
34 43 53 62
HSK Taper Shank (Hollow taper interface with ange contact surface. ISO12164-1:2001(E))
R4
60
R5
R 5
Technical Reference
D1 D
W2
D3
D2(max)
R 3
15
Style A
R2
R1
W1
(unit : mm)
D
32 40 50 63 80 100
D1
24 30 38 48 60 75
D2
26 34 42 53 67 85
D3
37 45 59.3 72.3 88.8 109.75
d
4
1 R
R 2
20
R 3
3.2 4 5 6.3 8 10
R 4
16
R 5
13 17 21 26.5 34 44
W1
9 11 14 18 20 22
W2
7 9 12 16 18 20
16 20 25 32 40 50
26 29
18 20
15 32
Technical Reference
Standards on Tapers
7/24 taper arbor (Conformed to JIS)
R3 R2 R4
D1
D2
d3
7/24 taper
R1 R5 R
d4
d1
60
D1
31.75 44.45 57.15 69.85
d1
17.4 25.3 32.4 39.6
R
70 95 110 130
R 1
50 67 86 105
g
ISO
2 R
R 3
34 43 53 60
d3
16.5 24 30 38
d4
ISO
R 4
6 8 10 11.5
30 40 45 50
24 30 40 45
13 17 21 26
MT. No
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 With thread
D
09.045 12.065 17.780 23.825 31.267 44.399 63.348
a
3 3.5 5 5 6.5 6.5 8
D1 d1
09.2 12.2 18.0 24.1 31.6 44.7 63.8 6.1 9.0 14.0 19.1
R1
R2
d2
6.0 8.7 13.5 18.5 24.5 35.7 51.0
b
3.9 5.2 6.3 7.9 11.9 15.9 19
c
6.5 8.5 10 13 16 19 27
e
10.5 13.5 16 20 24 29 40
R
4 5 6 7 8 10 13
r
1 1.2 1.6 2 2.5 3 4
Technical Reference
(unit : mm)
MT. No
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
D
09.045 12.065 17.780 23.825 31.267 44.399 63.348
a
3 3.5 5 5 6.5 6.5 8
D1
9.2 12.2 18.0 24.1 31.6 44.7 63.8
d
6.4 9.4 14.6 19.8 25.9 37.6 53.9
R5
50 53.5 64 81 102.5 129.5 182
R6
(max.)
d4
(max.)
d5
M6 M 10 M 12 M 16 M 20 M 24
K
(max.)
t
(max.)
6 9 14 19 25 35.7 51
16 24 28 32 40 50
4 5 5 7 9 9 12
15
15 33
Technical Reference
3 6 10 18 30 50 80 120 180 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150
0.8 1 1 1.2 1.5 1.5 2 2.5 3.5 4.5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 15 18 22 26
90 0.15 0.22 0.36 0.58 110 0.18 0.27 0.43 160 0.25 0.39 0.62 190 250 0.3 0.46 0.74 0.4 0.63 1 1.3 1.4 220 0.35 0.54 0.87 130 0.21 0.33 0.52 0.84
290 0.46 0.72 1.15 1.85 320 0.52 0.81 360 0.57 0.89 440 500 560 0.7 0.9
400 0.63 0.97 1.55 1.1 1.75 2 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.7 4.4 5.4 1.4 0.8 1.25
8 12.5
660 1.05 1.65 780 1.25 1.95 920 1.5 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.3
Technical Reference
8.6 13.5
15
15 34
Technical Reference
>
3 6 10 14 18 24 30 40 50 65 80 100
3 6 10 14 18 24 30 40 50 65 80 100 120
14 39 20 50 25 61 32 75
5.5
40 92
20 33
20 41
20 53
7 16
7 20
0 9
0 13
0 21
0 33
0 52
4.5
6.5
10
+11 +2
+15 +2
50 112
25 41
25 50
25 64
9 20
9 25
0 11
0 16
0 25
0 39
0 62
5.5
12
+13 +2
+18 +2
60 134
30 49
30 60
30 76
10 23
10 29
0 13
0 19
0 30
0 46
0 74
6.5
9.5
15
+15 +2
+21 +2
72 159
36 58
36 71
36 90
12 27
12 34
0 15
0 22
0 35
0 54
0 87
7.5
11
17
+18 +3
+25 +3
In every step given in the table, the value on the upper side shows the upper deviation and the value on the lower side, the lower deviation.
>
3 6 10 14 18 24 30 40 50 65 80 100
3 6 10 14 18 24 30 40 50 65 80 100 120
Technical Reference
5.5
+61 +40
+73 +40
+92 +40
+33 +20
+41 +20
+53 +20
+20 +7
+28 +7
+13 0
+21 0
+33 0
+52 0
+84 0
6.5
10
+2 11
+6 15
15
+75 +50 +89 +112 +50 +50 +41 +25 +50 +25 +64 +25 +25 +9 +34 +9 +16 0 +25 0 +39 0 +62 +100 0 0 8 12 +3 13 +7 18 +90 +60 +106 +134 +60 +60 +49 +30 +60 +30 +76 +30 +29 +10 +40 +10 +19 0 +30 0 +46 0 +74 +120 0 0 +4 15 +9 21
9.5
15
+107 +72
+58 +36
+71 +36
+90 +36
+34 +12
+47 +12
+22 0
+35 0
+54 0
+87 +140 0 0
11
17
+4 18
+10 25
In every step given in the table, the value on the upper side shows the upper deviation and the value on the lower side, the lower deviation.
15 35
Technical Reference
Counterboring diameter
Ch
am
fer
wid
th
(Unit: mm)
Counterboring diameter 3 4 4 5 5 5 7 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 13 13 15 18 20 24 28 32 35 39 43 46 50 55
15
15 36
Technical Reference
Technical Reference
Symbols of Metals
Carbon steel and alloy steels for structural use
Japan Type JIS
S10C C10 C15E4 C15M2 C25 C25E4 C25M2 C30 C30E4 C30M2 C35 C35E4 C35M2 C40 C40E4 C40M2 C45 C45E4 C45M2 C50 C50E4 C50M2 C55 C55E4 C55M2 C60 C60E4 C60M2 1049 1050 1053 1055 1059 1060 C55 C55E C55R C60 C60E C60R
International ISO
1010
France NF NF/EN
C10E C10R C15E C15R C22 C22E C22R C25 C25E C25R C30 C30E C30R C35 C35E C35R C40 C40E C40R C45 C45E C45R
Russia
OCT
S15C
1015
S20C
1020
S25C
1025
30 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 60
S30C
1030
Carbon steel
S35C
C50 C50E C50R C55 C55E C55R C60 C60E C60R C50 C50E C50R
S58C
International ISO
15NiCr13 20NiCrMo2 20NiCrMoS2 41CrNiMo2 41CrNiMoS2
France NF NF/EN
15NiCr13 20NiCrMo2-2 20NiCrMoS2-2
Russia
OCT
40XH
Technical Reference
30XH3A
Alloy steel
SNCM240
Nickel SNCM415 chromium SNCM420(H) molybdenum SNCM431 steel
20XH2M(20XHM)
15
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
15 37
Technical Reference
Symbols of Metals
Stainless steel, heat resistant steel
Japan Type JIS
SCr415(H) SCr420(H) SCr430(H)
Chromium steel
International ISO
20Cr4(H) 20CrS4 34Cr4 34CrS4 34Cr4 34CrS4 37Cr4 37CrS4 37Cr4 37CrS4 41Cr4 41CrS4 18CrMo4 18CrMoS4 34CrMo4 34CrMoS4 42CrMo4 42CrMoS4 22Mn6(H) 36Mn6(H) 42Mn6(H) 41CrAlMo74
France NF NF/EN
17Cr3 17CrS3 34Cr4 34CrS4 37Cr4 37CrS4
Russia
OCT
15X 15XA 20X 30X
SCr435(H)
35X
5140(H) 4130 4137(H) 4140(H) 4142(H) 4145(H) 4147(H) 1522(H) 1534 1541(H) 1541(H)
40X 45X 20XM 20XM 30XM 30XMA 35XM 302 352 352 402 402 452
Alloy steel
SCM420(H) SCM430
Chromium SCM432 molybdenum SCM435(H) steel
Technical Reference
Type JIS
SUS201 SUS202 SUS301 SUS301L SUS301J1 SUS302 SUS302B SUS303 SUS303Se Austenitic SUS303Cu SUS304 SUS304L SUS304N1 SUS304N2 SUS304LN SUS304J1 SUS304J2 SUS304J3 SUS305
France NF NF/EN
Z12CMN17-07Az Z11CN17-08
Russia
OCT
12X179AH4 07X16H6
X12CrMnNiN17-7-5 S20100 X12CrMnNiN18-9-5 S20200 X10CrNi18-8 S30100 X2CrNiN18-7 S30200 S30215 S30300 S30323 S30400 S30403 S30451 S30452 S30453
Stainless steel
X12CrNiSi18-9-3 X10CrNiS18-9
Z12CN18-09 Z8CNF18-09
12X18H9
15
X2CrNiN18-10
X6CrNi18-12
S30431 S30500
S30431 305
305S19
X5CrNi18-12
Z8CN18-12
06X18H11
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
15 38
Technical Reference
Symbols of Metals
Stainless steel, heat resistant steel
Japan Type JIS
SUS305J1 SUS309S SUS310S SUS315J1 SUS315J2 SUS316 SUS316F SUS316L
International ISO
France NF NF/EN
Z10CN24-13 Z8CN25-20
Russia
OCT
10X23H18
X6CrNi25-21
S31600
316
316S31
S31603
316L
316S11
03X17H14M3
SUS316N SUS316LN
Austenitic SUS316Ti
SUS316J1 SUS316J1L SUS317 SUS317L SUS317LN SUS317J1 SUS317J2 SUS317J3L SUS836L SUS890L SUS321 SUS347 SUS384 SUSXM7 SUSXM15J1 SUS329J1 Austenitic SUS329J3L Ferritic SUS329J4L SUS405 SUS410L SUS429 SUS430 SUS430F SUS430LX SUS430J1L SUS434 SUS436L SUS436J1L SUS444 SUS445J1 SUS445J2 SUS447J1 SUSXM27 SUS403 SUS410 SUS410S SUS410F2 SUS410J1 SUS416 SUS420J1 SUS420J2 Martensitic SUS420F SUS420F2 SUS429J1 SUS431 SUS440A SUS440B SUS440C SUS440F Precipitation SUS630 hardening SUS631 type SUS631J1
316N 316LN
08X17H13M2T
317 317L
317S16 317S12
X2CrNiMo18-16-4
Z3CND19-15-04 Z3CND19-14Az
Stainless steel
N08367 N08904 S32100 S34700 S38400 S30430 S38100 S32900 X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 S31803 X2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 S32250 X6CrAl13 S40500 X1CrNiMoCu25-20-5 X6CrNiTi18-10 X6CrNiNb18-10 X3NiCr18-16 X3CrNiCu18-9-4 S42900 S43000 S43020 S43035
N08904 321 347 384 304Cu 329 31803 32250 405 429 430 430F
X6CrNiTi18-10 X6CrNiNb18-10
Z2NCDU25-20 Z6CNT18-10 Z6CNNb18-10 Z6CN18-16 Z2CNU18-10 Z15CNS20-12 Z3CNDU22-05Az Z3CNDU25-07Az Z8CA12 Z3C14 Z8C17 Z8CF17 Z4CT17 Z4CNb17 Z8CD17-01
08X18H10T 08X18H12
08X21H6M2T
405S17
X6CrAl13
Ferritic
430S17
12X17
434S17
Z3CDT18-02
Technical Reference
X12Cr13 X6Cr13
S44700 S44627 S40300 S41000 S41008 S41025 S41600 S42000 S42000 S42020
Z1CD26-01 403 410 410S 410S21 403S17 X10Cr13 X6Cr13 Z13C13 Z8C12
08X13
X20Cr13 X30Cr13
20X13 30X13
431S29
X20CrNi17-2
20X17H2
15
95X18 09X17H7
X7CrNiAl17-7
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
15 39
Technical Reference
Symbols of Metals
Japan Type JIS
SUH31 SUH35 SUH36 SUH37 SUH38 Austenitic SUH309 SUH310 SUH330 SUH660 SUH661 SUH21 SUH409 Ferritic SUH409L SUH446 SUH1 SUH3 SUH4 Martensitic SUH11 SUH600 SUH616
International ISO
France NF NF/EN
Z35CNWS14-14 Z52CMN21-09Az Z55CMN21-09Az
Russia
OCT
45X14H14B2M 55X209 AH4
CrNi2520
20X25H20C2
X6CrTi12 X2CrTi12
409 446
409S19
CrAl1205 X6CrTi12
401S45 443S65
X45CrSi9-3
S42200
Tool steel
Japan Type JIS
SK140 SK120 SK105 SK95 SK90 SK85 SK80 SK75 SK70 SK65 SK60 SKH2 SKH3 SKH4 SKH10 SKH40 SKH50 SKH51 SKH52 SKH53 SKH54 SKH55 SKH56 SKH57 SKH58 SKH59 SKS11 SKS2 SKS21 C120U C105U C90U C80U C70U HS18-0-1 HS6-5-3-8 HS1-8-1 HS6-5-2 HS6-6-2 HS6-5-3 HS6-5-4 HS6-5-2-5 HS10-4-3-10 HS2-9-2 HS2-9-1-8
International ISO
International ISO
105V X210Cr12 X210CrW12 X153CrMoV12 X100CrMoV5 X30WCrV9-3 X40CrMoV5-1 X35CrWMoV5 32CrMoV12-28 38CrCoWV18-17-17 55NiCrMoV7 45NiCrMo16 L6
Technical Reference
15
International ISO
9S20 11SMn28 11SMnPb28 11SMnPb28 12SMn35 1110 1109 1212 1213
Japan JIS
SUM32 SUM41 Free cutting carbon steels SUM42
International ISO
44SMn28 B1 B2 1137 1141 1144
SUJ4 SUJ5
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
15 40
Technical Reference
Symbols of Metals
Casting or forging steels
Japan Type JIS
Carbon steel SC casting
Steel casting for welded structure
International ISO
France NF NF/EN
GE230, GE280, GE320 GE230, GE280 GX40NiCrNb45-35, GX50NiCrCoW35-25-15-5 G17CrMo9-10, GX15CrMo5, GP240GH, GP280GH FB-M, FC1-M, FC2-M,FC3-M EN-GJLB
Russia
OCT
SCW
Casting steel
Heat resisting SCH steel casting Steel casting for high temperature SCPH and high pressure service
Steel casting for low temperature and high pressure service
200-400, 230-450, U270-480 200-400W, 230-450W, WCA, WCB, WCC 270-480W, 340-550W GX40CrSi24, GX40CrNiSi22-10, Grade HC, HD, HF GX40NiCrSi38-19 Grade WC1, WC6, WC9 Grade LCB, LC1, LC2, LC3 No.20,25,30,35, 40,45,50
SCPL FC
Spheroidal graphite iron FCD casting Austempered spheroidal graphite iron FCAD casting Austenitic iron casting
60-40-18, 65-45-12, 8-55-06, 100-70-03, EN-GJS120-90-02 Type 1, 2, Type D-2, D-3A Class 1, 2 EN-GJSF1, F2, S2W, S5S C22, C25, C30, C35, C40, C45, C50, C55, C60
EN-GJS-
EN-GJS-
EN-GJS-
EN-GJS-
FCAFCDA-
L-, S-
GGL-, GGG-
L-, S-
Forging steel
Carbon steel SF forging for general use Chromium molybdenum steel forgings SFCM for general use Nickel Chromium molybdenum SFNCM steel forgings for general use
P285, P355
Non-ferrous alloys
Japan Type JIS
Copper alloy casting Brass casting High strength brass casting
International ISO
C85400 C85700 C86500 C86400 C86200 C86300 C84400 C90300 C90500 C83600 C92200 C90700 C90800 C95200 C95400 C95410 C95800 C95700 C87500 C87400
Bronze casting
CAC101 CAC102 CAC103 CAC201 CAC202 CAC203 CAC301 CAC302 CAC303 CAC304 CAC401 CAC402 CAC403 CAC406 CAC407 CAC502A CAC502B CAC503A CAC503B CAC701 CAC702 CAC703 CAC704 CAC801 CAC802 CAC803
Cu-C(CC040AgrodeC) Cu-C(CC040AgrodeA,B) CuZn15As-C(CC760S) CuZn33Pb2-C(CC750S) CuZn39Pb1-C(CC754S) CuZn35Mn2Al1Fe-C(CC765S) CuZn34Mn3Al2Fe1-C(CC764S) CuZn25Al5Mn4Fe3-C(CC762S) CuZn25Al5Mn4Fe3-C(CC762S) CuSn3Zn8Pb5-C(CC490K) CuSn5Zn5Pb5-C(CC490K) CuSn10-C(CC480K) CuSn12-C(CC483K) CuAl10Fe2-C(CC331G) CuAl10Ni3Fe2-C(CC332G) CuAl10Fe5Ni5-C(CC333G) CuZn16Si4-C(CC761S)
15
Technical Reference
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
15 41
Technical Reference
Symbols of Metals
Japan Type JIS
AC1B AC2A AC2B AC3A AC4A AC4B AC4C AC4CH AC4D AC5A AC7A AC8A AC8B AC8C AC9A AC9B ADC1 ADC3 ADC5 ADC6 ADC10 ADC10Z ADC12 ADC12Z ADC14 MC5 MC6 MC7 MC8 MC9 MC10 MD1A MDC1B MDC1D MDC2B
International ISO
Al-Cu4MgTi Al-Si8Cu3 Al-Si7Mg(Fe) Al-Si7Mg0.3 Al-Cu4Ni2Mg2 Al-Si12CuNiMg MgRE3Zn2Zr MgAg3RE2Zr MgZn4RE1Zr MgAl9Zn1(A) MgAl6Mn 204.0
France NF NF/EN
International ISO
AlMg4.5Mn0.7 AlMg1SiCu AlMg0.7Si AlZn5.5MgCu 5052 5454 5083 5086 6061 6063
U.S.A. ASTM AA
France NF NF/EN
Technical Reference
Aluminium alloy
7075
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
15
15 42
Technical Reference
(767) (757) (745) (733) (722) (712) (710) (698) (684) (682) (670) (656) (653) (647) (638) 630 627 601 578 555 534 514 495 477 461 444
940 920 900 880 860 840 820 800 780 760 740 737 720 700 697 690 680 670 667 677 640 640 615 607 591 579 569 553 547 539 530 528 516 508 508 495 491 491 474 472 472
85.6 85.3 85.0 84.7 84.4 84.1 83.8 83.4 83.0 82.6 82.2 82.2 81.8 81.3 81.2 81.1 80.8 80.6 80.5 80.7 79.8 79.8 79.1 78.8 78.4 78.0 77.8 77.1 76.9 76.7 76.4 76.3 75.9 75.6 75.6 75.1 74.9 74.9 74.3 74.2 74.2
68.0 67.5 67.0 66.4 65.9 65.3 64.7 64.0 63.3 62.5 61.8 61.7 61.0 60.1 60.0 59.7 59.2 58.8 58.7 59.1 57.3 57.3 56.0 55.6 54.7 54.0 53.5 52.5 52.1 51.6 51.1 51.0 50.3 49.6 49.6 48.8 48.5 48.5 47.2 47.1 47.1
76.9 76.5 76.1 75.7 75.3 74.8 74.3 73.8 73.3 72.6 72.1 72.0 71.5 70.8 70.7 70.5 70.1 69.8 69.7 70.0 68.7 68.7 67.7 67.4 66.7 66.1 65.8 65.0 64.7 64.3 63.9 63.8 63.2 62.7 62.7 61.9 61.7 61.7 61.0 60.8 60.8
97 96 95 93 92 91 90 88 87 86 84 83 81 80 79 77 75 73 71 70 68 66 65 63
429 415 401 388 375 363 352 341 331 321 311
429 415 401 388 375 363 352 341 331 321 311 302 293 285 277 269 262 255 248 241 235 229 223 217 212 207 201 197 192 187 183 179 174 170 167 163 156 149 143 137 131 126 121 116 111
455 440 425 410 396 383 372 360 350 339 328 319 309 301 292 284 276 269 261 253 247 241 234 228 222 218 212 207 202 196 192 188 182 178 175 171 163 156 150 143 137 132 127 122 117
73.4 72.8 72.0 71.4 70.6 70.0 69.3 68.7 68.1 67.5 66.9 66.3 65.7 65.3 64.6 64.1 63.6 63.0 62.5 61.8 61.4 60.8
(110.0) (109.0) (108.5) (108.0) (107.5) (107.0) (106.0) (105.5) (104.5) (104.0) (103.0) (102.0) (101.0) 100.0 99.0 98.2 97.3 96.4 95.5 94.6 93.8 92.8 91.9 90.7 90.0 89.0 87.8 86.8 86.0 85.0 82.9 80.8 78.7 76.4 74.0 72.0 69.8 67.6 65.7
45.7 44.5 43.1 41.8 40.4 39.1 37.9 36.6 35.5 34.3 33.1 32.1 30.9 29.9 28.8 27.6 26.6 25.4 24.2 22.8 21.7 20.5 (18.8) (17.5) (16.0) (15.2) (13.8) (12.7) (11.5) (10.0) (9.0) (8.0) (6.4) (5.4) (4.4) (3.3) (0.9)
59.7 58.8 57.8 56.8 55.7 54.6 53.8 52.8 51.9 51.0 50.0 49.3 48.3 47.6 46.7 45.9 45.0 44.2 43.2 42.0 41.4 40.5
61 59 58 56 54 52 51 50 48 47 46 45 43 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 23 22 21 20 19 18 15
1510 1460 1390 1330 1270 1220 1180 1130 1095 1060 1025 1005 970 950 925 895 875 850 825 800 785 765 725 705 690 675 655 640 620
262 255 248 241 235 229 223 217 212 207 201 197 192 187 183 179 174 170 167 163
Technical Reference
615 600 585 570 560 545 525 505 490 460 450 435 415 400 385
15
15 43
Technical Reference
Surface Roughness
(According to JIS B 0601, 2001 and its explanation.)
Type
Symbol
Example (Fig.)
Ra
formula and expressed in micrometer (m) when sampling only the reference length from the roughness curve in the direction of mean line, taking X-axis in the direction of mean line and Y-axis in the direction of longitudinal magnication of this sampled part and the roughness curve is expressed by y- f (x):
where, R: reference length Rz shall be that only the reference length is sampled from the roughness curve in the direction of mean line, the distance between the top of prole peak line and the bottom of prole valley line on this sampled portion is measured in the longitudinal magnication direction of roughness curve and the obtained value is expressed in micrometer (m).
Maximum height
Rz
RzJIS
RzJIS shall be that only the reference length is sampled from the roughness curve in the direction of its mean line, the sum of the average value of absolute values of the heights of five highest prole peaks (Zp) and the depths of ve deepest profile valleys ( Zv ) measured in the vertical magnication direction from the mean line of this sampled portion and this sum is expressed in micrometer (m)
where, Zp1, Zp2, Zp3, Zp4, Zp5 : altitudes of the heights of ve highest prole peaks of the sampled portion corresponding to the reference length l where, Zv1, Zv2, Zv3, Zv4, Zv5 : altitudes of the depths of ve deepest prole valleys of the sampled portion corresponding to the reference length l
15
15 44
Technical Reference
Technical Reference
Dijet
NTK
Seco Tool
Iscar
Ingersoll TaeguTec
Widia
Walter
Ceratizit
UE6105 AC700G GC4205 UE6005 UE6105 AC700G GC4205 UE6005 UE6110 AC820P GC4215 AC2000 GC3115
CA5505
JC110V
CP7
TP1000
IC428 IC9150 IC8150 IC8150 IC9015 IC9150 IC9250 IC520M IC8250 IC9015 IC9025 IC9150 IC8350 IC9025 IC9350 IN6520 IN6530 IN6520 IN6520
TT1300
TN7005
WPP01
CA5505
HG8010
JC110V
CP7 CP5
TT1300 TT7310 TT7400 TT3500 TT5100 TT7400 KT7300 TT7800 TT3500 TT5100 TT7400 KT7300
WPP05 CTC1110 WPP10 CTC1115 WTA33 CTC3110 WXK25 TCC410 WPP20 CTC1110 WAM10 CTC1115 WAP20 CTC1125 WTA43 CTC1130
CP7 CP5
CA5525 GM8020 JC215V CA5025 GM8025 JC325V GX2030 JC730U JC215V JC325V
ACP200 GC4225
UE6020 UE6035
CA5525 CA5535
HG8025 GM25
CP5
TN7025 TN7035 TN450 TN7435 TN7535 TN7035 TN450 TN7435 TN7535 TN7525 TN7025 TN8025 TN7525 TN7535
WKP25 CTC1425 WPP30 CTC1125 WAK30 CTC1130 WAP30 CTC1135 WTA43 CTC1425 WKP25 WPP30 CTC1135 WAP30 CTC1435 WTP30 CTC2135 WKP35 WAM10 CTC1110 WAM20 CTC1115 WAM10 CTC1115 WAM20 CTC1125 CTC1130 CTC1135 CTC1425 WAM20 CTC1125 WTP30 CTC1135 WTP35 CTC1425 CTC1435 CTC2135 WTP30 CTC2135
UH6400 AC630M GC4235 US735 ACP300 GC2025 GC2035 AC830P GC4235 AC3000 GC4240
CA5025 GM8035 JC450V GX2030 GF30 CA5535 GM8035 JC325V GF30 JC450V
TM4000 KC935M MP2500 T350M TP3000 TP40 TM4000 KCP30 KC9140 KC9240 KC9245
T9135 P40
IC635 IC9350
IN6530
AC630M GC3040 CA6015 CA6515 CA6515 CA6525 HG8025 JC110V CP2 CP5 CP2 CP5
M10
US7020 AC610M GC2015 ACP100 US7020 AC610M GC2015 F7030 ACP100 GC2025
T350M KC935M TP2500 IC520M TK2000 TP2500 TP200 KC8050 KC9225 IC9250 IC4050 IC9025 IC9054 IC9250 KC8050 KC9240 KU30T KC935M KC9240 KC9245 IC9350 IC635 IC656 IC4050 IC9025 IC9054 IC635 IC656
M20
CA6015 GM8035
T6030
Stainless
US735 F7030
AC630M GC2025
CA6525
GM25
JC730U
IN6520 IN6530
TT5100 TT7100
T3130 M30
ACP300 GC2040 US735 M40 GC4240 AC630M GC2035 GC235 GC2040 T5105 K01 GC4240 UC5105 AC410K GC3205 CA4010 JC105V CP1 GX30 GF30
TP40 TM4000
IN6530
TT7100
IC428 IC4100
TN5505
Technical Reference
IC5005 T5105 T5115 T1115 UC5115 AC410K GC3005 MC5020 ACK200 GC3210 F5010 CA4010 CA4115 HG3315 HG8010 JC105V JC110V JC730U JC610 CP1 CP5 TP1000 TK1000 TK2000 MK1500 KC9315 IC5010 IC418 IC428 IC520M IC4100 IC9015 IC9080 T5115 UC5115 AC700G GC3215 UE6110 AC820P GC4220 CA4115 HG8010 JC110V CP1 CP5 TP1000 TP2000 TP2500 KC9110 KC9315 KC9325 IC9150 IC418 IC520M IC4050 IC9015 IN6515 IN6520 IN6530 INDD15 TT7310 TT8115 TN5015 TN5020 TN5415 TN5515 TN5520 IC520M IC4050 IN6515 IN6520 IN6530 INDD15 TN7435 WAK20 CTC1115 WAK30 CTC1125 WTA43 CTC1130 WKP25 CTC1425 WAK15 CTC3215 WAK25 WAK20 WAK30 WAP20 WKP25 TSC30 TSC30 IN6520 TT1300 TT7310 TT8115 TN5015 TN2510 TN5415 TN5505 TN5515 WPP01 CTC1110 WAK10 CTC1115 WAK20 CTC3110 WTA33 TCC410
K10
WAK15 CTC3215
Cast lron
T5125 K20
15
TK2000 KC915M MK1500 T250M T200M KC8050 KC9125 KC9325 KU30T KC935M
T5125
UE6110
CP5
K30
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
Grades (1-1)
Relating Pages
15 45
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Dijet
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Kennametal
Iscar
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Ceratizit
JC5003 IP2000 JC5003 PTH08M JC730U PCA08M JC5030 JC8015 IP2000 JC730U JX1020 JC5030 JP4020 JC8015 CY9020 JC5015 CJ1015 JC5040
CP200
CP250 F25M
IC903 IC507 IC903 IC950 IC308 IC350 IC354 IC507 IC570 IC907 IC908 IC928 IC950 IC328 IC350 IC354 IC528 IC910 IC928 IC950 IC1028 IC3028 IC228 IC328 IC528 IC928 IC1008 IC1028 IC3028 IC570 IC807 IC354 IC507 IC907
PV3030 PV3010 PV3030 TT7080 TT1040 TT7220 TT9020 TT7080 TT9080 TT7070
TN2505 TN2505
WXK25 WXM15 WXP15 WXP20 WXP25 WXM15 WXP15 WXH15 SR226 GM127
Steel
VP10RT T3000Z GC1020 VP20RT AC530U P20 VP15TF ACP200 VP20MF VP30RT
QM3 TM4
CP500 F30M
TN6435 TN6525
AH140 P40
VP30RT
T3000Z AC530U
PR660
IP3000 JX1060
JC5040
QM3
KC735M
TN6540
PV3030 IN2006 IN2505 TT5030 PV3010 PV3030 TT9030 TT9080 TT5030 PV3030 TT9020 TT9030 TT9080 TT8030
VP10RT AC520U GC1125 VP20RT ACP200 GC1220 VP15TF GC1020 VP20MF K20
QM3
Stainless
IP100S HC844
ZM3
Technical Reference
M30
AH140
PR660
JX1060
JC8050
ZM3
F40M
KC725M KC735M
M40
IC250 IC300 IC308 IC354 IC507 IC808 IC830 IC903 IC907 IC908 IC928 IC1008 IC1028 IC3028 IC228 IC250 IC300 IC328 IC908 IC928 IC1008 IC1028 IC3028 IC228 IC250 IC328 IC330
TN6435 TN6525
TN6540
CM40 WSM30 CM45 WXP43 WXM33 CTP2440 WXP40 CTP2235 WXK35 WXM35 WSM35 WSP45
K01
JC5003 PTH08M JC5003 PCA08M JC8015 PCS08M JX1020 CY100H CY9020 JX1015 JC600 JC610 JC8015 JC5015 CP200 KC5010 KC5510 KU10T KC510M KC5025 KC5525 KU25T KC520M
15
Cast lron
K10
IC810 IC910 IC810 IC910 IC950 IC810 IC830 IC908 IC910 IC928 IC950 IC1008
PV3030 IN2004 IN2010 IN2505 IN1030 IN2005 IN2015 IN2030 PV3010 PV3030 TT6030 TT6060 TT8020 TT8030
TN2505 TN2505 TN6510 WXM15 SR216 WXP15 SR226 WXH15 WXK15 WXP20 CTP2120 WXK25 CTP2440 SR216 WXK35 SR226 WXP15 WXH15 WXK15
AH120
PR510 PR905
CP200 CP250
K20
GH130 K30
JC5015 JC5080
CP500
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
15 46
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DL1000 DL1000 GCN20D K20 GC1020 GCN20D K20 GC1020 VP05RT AC510U PR915
UC2
F15M F17M
Non-ferrous
N20 AH110 S01 AH710 AH905 AH120 AH905 S10 AH730 SH730
Superalloys
F15M F17M
IC520
TT6030
IC808 IC908
IN2005
TT6030 TT8020
PCS08M JC5003 PTH13S PCS08M JC8015 PTH13S JC5015 CP200 CP250 KC5010 KC5510 KU10T KC510M KC5025 KC5525 KU25T KC522M KC5025 KC5525 KU25T
IC507 IC907 IC507 IC903 IC907 IC300 IC808 IC908 IC928 IC3028 IC228 IC328 IC928 IC3028 IC903 IC507 IC903 IC907 IC808 IC908 IC1008 IC808 IC908 IC1008 IN2006 TT5030 TN6010 CM40 SR226
S20
VP05RT AC510U GC1005 GC1025 VP10RT GC1105 VP20RT VP15TF VP10RT AC520U GC1025 VP20RT GC1030 VP15TF GC1125
PR915
PR915
TN6025
VP15TF S30
GC2030
CP500 F40M
TT8020 TT8030
TN6025
VP15TF
AC503
GC1010 GC1020
JC8003 BH200 JC8003 PTH08M JC8008 JC8015 BH200 JX1005 LC8015 CP200
VP15TF
AC503
H20
IN2006
TN2505 TN2505
IN2005 IN1530
TN2525
WXH15 WXK15
F30M
H30
Dijet
NTK
Seco Tool
Kennametal KT315
Iscar
Ingersoll TaeguTec
Widia
Walter
Ceratizit
Steel
GC1525
TN6020 PV7020 TN6020 TN60 TN90 PV7020 PV60 PV90 TN6020 TN60 TN90 PV7020 PV60 PV90
KT315
IC520N IC20 IC520N IC530N IC20N IC30N IC75T IC520N IC530N IC20N IC30N IC75T IC530N IC30N
C15M
IN60C
CT3000 CT5000
TT125
WCE10
Technical Reference
VP45N NX4545
T3000Z
CT530
CZ25 MZ3000 CH7035 TN6020 TN60 TN90 PV7020 PV60 PV90 TN6020 TN90 PV7020 PV60 PV90 MZ1000 CH550
NX2525 AP25N
T250A
GC1525
N40 C7X
IN60C
CT5000
CM CMP
KT315
IN0560
CT3000
Stainless
T250A
CT530
Q15
C15M
IC530N IC30N
CT3000 CT5000
15
NX4545
K20
CZ25 MZ3000 CH7035 CZ25 MZ1000 CZ25 MZ1000 CH550 CZ25 CH7030 MZ3000 CH7035
CT5000
KT530M HT7
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
Grades (1-1) TAC Inserts (negative) (2-42) TAC Inserts (positive) (2-96)
Relating Pages
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Tungaloy
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Ceratizit
K01
NB90S NB90M
CC620 CC650
K20
FX105 CX710
KS500
HC1 HW2 SE1 HC1 HW2 SE1 WA1 HC7 SP2 SX1 SX6 SX9
SC10
IN70N SC10
CW2015
CW2015 CW5025
CTN3105 TCM10 TCM407 WSN10 CTM3110 CTN3105 TCM10 TSM20 WSN10 CTM3110 TSM30 TSM20
KY3400 KY3500 KY4300 KY1525 KY2100 KY1525 KY1540 KY2100 KY4300 KY4400 KY1615 KY4400
IN70N SC10
AS10
CW5025
S01 WX120
Superalloys
CC650
S10 LX11 NB100C CC6050 CC650 NB100C CC650 A65 A66N A65 A66N
WA1 SX9
AS20
AS20
TSM20 TSM30
H01 H10
Hard Materials
AW20
CW2015
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
15
Technical Reference
15 48
Grades (1-1)
Relating Pages
Technical Reference
Tungaloy
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Kennametal KB9610
Iscar
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Ceratizit
B22 B22
KB90 KB90A
K10
KD120
BNS800
KBN65B KBN900
BH250
B16
IB90
K20
BX90S
BX90S CB5030 S01 BX950 MB730 BN600 BX470 MB4020 BN700 S10 Superalloys BX480 BXM10 MBC010 BNC100 H01 BX310 MB810
K30
BXC90
MBS140 BNS800
B16 B22
CBN350 KB9640 KB90 KB90A KB50 KB90 KB90A KB50 PB170 PB100 PB250 PB170 WCB30
IB05S IB10S IB50 IB10HC KB9610 IB50 IB55 IB10H IB10HC IB20H IB25HA
TA210
BNX10 BXM10 MBC020 BNC160 CB7050 KBN510 BX330 BX530 H10 MB8025 BNC200 CB7015 KBN525M BN250
KB50 TB650
Hard Materials
CBN300P CBN400C
BXM20 MBC020 BNC200 CB7015 KBN510 BX360 H20 BC8020 MB8025 MB825 BN250 BNX20 BNX25 CB7025 KBN25B KBN25M KBN25N KBN525
BH250
JBN300 JBN330
B36
IB20H IB25HC
TB650
TB650
WCB80
BXM20 MBC020 BNC300 CB7025 KBN525 H30 BXC50 BX380 DX160 DX180 DX140 DX120 DX110 BC8020 MB835 MD205 MD205 MD220 MD220 MD230 MD230 BN350 BNX25 DA90 DA150 DA2200 DA1000 DA2200 DA1000 CD10 CD10 CD10 KPD010 KPD010 KPD001 KBN900
B36
IB25HC
ID5 ID5
PD1 PD1
KD100 KD100
Technical Reference
N30
Note: The above charts are based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
15
Grades (1-1)
Relating Pages
15 49
Technical Reference
Tungaloy
Hitachi Tool
Dijet
NTK
Seco Tool
Kennametal
Iscar
Ingersoll TaeguTec
Widia
Walter
Ceratizit
KM1 KM3
UX30 TX40
P40 M01
H10A
WA10B
UMN
KM1
890
K313
IC20 IC07
IN05S
M10
TTX
H13A
EX35
DX25
KM3
HX 883
IN05S IN30M
M20
TTM
CTW7120 H210T
UTi20T
A30 A30N
H10F SM30
UMS
TTM GK K600
IN30M
TTM TTR
HTi05T HTi10
TTR G13 K605 K313 K110M THM KM3 890 HX 883 THM-U K715 KMF K600 THR G13 K605
IN30M
M40
TTR
S40T
WH10
IC20
IN04S IN10K
K10
K10
G2F
Cast lron
UTi20T
H13A H10F
KW10 GW25
WH20
IC20
K20
THM THR
K20
G10E
H13A H10F
GW25
KG30 FB20
883
THR
H2 H1 EH10 EH510
IC20 IC08 IC20 IC28 IC08 IC20 IC28 IN15K IN30M IC20 IC07 IC08 IC20 IC07 IC08 IC20 IN04S IN10K IN10K IN15K K20 THM THR WK1 WMG30 K10 THM IN04S IN05S IN10K IN10K IN15K K20 K10 HWK10 HWK15 THM THM-U HWK15 THM THR THR WK1 WK10 WMG30 WK40 WMG30 WK1 H210T H216T H10T CTW7120 H210T H216T H10T IN15K IN30M THR WK40 WMG30 WK1 WK10 H210T H216T H10T CTW7120 H210T H216T H10T
K313 K110M THM THM-U K715 KMF K600 G13 THR K10 K313 THM K715 KMF
N10
KS15F
Non-ferrous
H10F H13A
WH20
KT9 CR1
KM3
N20
Technical Reference
KW10
WH10
KG10 FZ05
KM1
890 883
KW10
WH20
KG20
KM3
KS20
15
S30 H01 H10 H20 TH03 TH10
Hard Materials
TF15
883
H1 H13A
890 HX 883
IN10K IN15K
K10
THM THM
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
15 50
Grades (1-1)
Relating Pages
Technical Reference
Tungaloy
Mitsubishi Material PK
Kennametal
FF FN
Dijet
Iscar
TaeguTec Widia
Walter
Ceratizit
FA
PF UA, FT UR, UT
SF NF No sign
TS, TSF FH, SY, FY FP, FL, SE ZF 11, 17, NS FS,C LU, SU, SK AS SH AFW, ASW 27,NM CB C SW, MW SA LUW, GUW SP
FW, MW
NF
CQ
NM
ST, C
C, R/LF
Steel
TM
PM, QM
AE, AY, AH
PG,UB, GN GNP
TF, PP, GN
MT
48
NM6, NS8
TMF
Medium cutting
UX, GU, GE CS, HK, XS UA All-round GC, All-round GT, HT, PT, PH
SM R/L-K
MN AH Y, V
PR(P) MR
RE AR TE, UE
RN, RP MG RM
GG,UD
TNM, NR
ET
49
TMQ
TU Heavy cutting
MP, HG, HP
HX, PX
PR (P)
UC
NM, HR
HT
NR5, NR6
TR
57
MR
RH
Without chipbreaker
NR7
HR,QR SU GU MQ MF(M) 23
HX,HE SE FP SF NF4
S
Stainless
ES, 2G MA
DE AH
MP, P
SG
TF, PP
SM TH TU CF
SR
SH
FX, FY
All-round, C
Y, V
FN
Medium cutting
Cast lron
UM, UX, GZ
ZS
AE
UM, P
MG
NM5
TMR
Technical Reference
GC Without chipbreaker
RE Without chipbreaker
RP, MG RM
GG Without chipbreaker
GN
RT Without chipbreaker
UP, FY, GX
A3 AH
R/L
Non-ferrous
Superalloys
HMM, SA SM
MS ES FJ, MJ, GJ
SU
15
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
Relating Pages
15 51
Technical Reference
Tungaloy
Kyocera
Sandvik
Hitachi Tool
Kennametal
UF 11, GM LF
Dijet
Iscar
TaeguTec
Widia
Walter Ceratizit
FC, FW
No sign JQ JE JQ
W08 ~ 20
FP, FZ, LU XP, GP, DP FK, SS, SC HQ, XQ, VF SU, SK, SF US R/L, R/L-FD W, SD R/L R/L-FS, R/L-MV FX, FY A, B, C, H, Y
GF
PM
SU, MU
HQ
Steel
Medium cutting
23 24
MF FW, MW
MT
PM5
SMQ
JE
G All-round RS 61 High-feed,
small depth of cut cutting
No sign No sign
RP
No mark No mark
All-round RG WE
GG No sign 14
MT No sign
43 No sign
J08 ~ 10 Turning on small lathes JRP, JSP, JPP JS PSF, SS PSS Finishing
Stainless
R/L-F
GF, GW
ASF FT, ACB KF, WF GM, LF KM, WN MF Without chipbreaker KR Without Without Without Without Without Without KF, R/L-K. chipbreaker chipbreaker chipbreaker chipbreaker chipbreaker chipbreaker KM Without chipbreaker AZ AG, AW AH UM, KR AL GT-HP
FG
41
PF4
F23
19
MT Without chipbreaker
PS5, PM5
Without chipbreaker
SM
AS
FL
PM2
23P, 25Q
Non-ferrous
R/L-F R/L
FY
A3
Technical Reference
Note: The above chart is based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
15
15 52
Relating Pages